PCLI - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- A short note underlying reflection on psychotherapy researchPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThe text is based on two articles dealing with psychotherapy research -- how existential therapists interact with research issues (Cooper, 2004; Mahrer and Boulet; 2004). Some of the topics introduced by the authors are reviewed and a number of reasons are then presented to show the importance of research on psychotherapy, independent of the theoretical framework of the therapist. Besides, these push factors were examined by leading researchers in the field of existential phenomenology and the question is still a moot point among major academics. It is argued that existential therapists may play an important and unlimited role in psychotherapy research.
- Psychotherapy with physically disabled patientsPublication . Oliveira, Rui Aragão Gomes; Milliner, Eric K.; Page, RichardThe psychological sequelae of physical impairments present complex challenges for scientiftc investigation and clinical practice. This paper explores some ofthe psychodynamic factors that are relevant to the experience of heing physically handicapped, which may either impede or facilitate rehahilitation efforts. The importance of psychotherapy is illustrated hy the case of a female with paraplegia who struggled with an impass in physical rehabilitation following a medullary stroke. Impediments to progress created hy the unconscious countertransference of her care providers are also examined.
- The world of the text and existential-phenomenological psychotherapyPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deHermeneutical phenomenology as put forward by Paul Ricoeur is subject to analysis, mainly when it comes to its Heideggerian roots and the notion of the world of text. The therapist is therefore confronted with two problems: moving away from the dialogue model and refusal of hermeneutics to accept a psychology of the subject. The textual paradigm is then compared with human action thus encompassing a response to the problem posed by explanation versus understanding. The author's contributions are compared against Jerome Brunner's cultural psychology and psychotherapy, namely against existential-phenomenological approaches.
- Desarrollo personal en grupo con mayores a través de técnicas de expresión corporal y psicodrama: Un estudio de casoPublication . Pedroso de Lima, Margarida; Gonzalez, António José C. A.La tendencia al aumento de la población de edades superiores a los 65 años supone simultáneamente preocupaciones y desafíos. De estos se derivan los esfuerzos llevados a cabo para mantener la calidad de vida de esta población, reforzar las estructuras informales y comunitarias de apoyo a los mayores y combatir los prejuicios relativos al envejecimiento, que condicionan el tipo de intervenciones a desarrollar. En este artículo se presentarán los resultados de una experiencia terapéutica con un grupo de personas de edades comprendidas entre los 70 y los 91 años. La intervención ha durado 6 meses y se han utilizado, además de técnicas verbales, técnicas de expresión corporal y psicodramáticas. La evaluación, para la cuál se utilizó el EASY CARE (sistema rápido de evaluación del bienestar físico, mental y social del mayor) y las opiniones de los propios implicados, ha revelado un aumento de la calidad de vida percibida por los mayores y el desarrollo de algunas habilidades cognitivas. También se ha notado la disminución de los niveles de depresión y de incapacidad funcional. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia de este tipo de intervención en el desarrollo de la calidad de vida y en la prevención de su deterioro, en las poblaciones de edad avanzada. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Older people are living longer and staying healthier and more active much later in life. This fact brings up problems and challenges. Namely, how to maintain the quality of life, how to provide opportunities of self development, improvement and, finally, how to address the prejudices related to the aging process that foster difficulties in the developing interventions. In this article we present the results of a therapeutic experience with a group of persons with ages between 70 and 91 years old. The duration of the intervention was one year and included verbal, corporal expression and psicodramatic techniques. The results where assessed applying the EASY CARE (a tool for integrating the assessment of a service user’s physical, mental and social well-being) and the subjective view of the people involved. The results indicated enhancement of the quality of life and of the cognitive abilities of the subjects in our sample. These outcomes suggest the importance of this kind of intervention for the promotion of the quality of life of the aged.
- Verbal learning and memory deficits in mild cognitive impairmentPublication . Ribeiro, Filipa; Guerreiro, Manuela; Mendonça, Alexandre deCriteria for amnestic MCI rely on the use of delayed recall tasks to establish the presence of memory impairment. This study applied the California Verbal Learning Test to detail memory performance in MCI patients (n = 70), as compared to control subjects (n = 92) and AD patients (n = 21). Learning across the 5 trials was different among the 3 groups. Learning strategy was also different, the MCI group showing less semantic clustering than the control group. However, both MCI patients and controls could benefit from semantic cueing. This study showed that beyond consolidation deficits, MCI patients have marked difficulties in acquisition and recall strategies.
- From Monet's paintings to Margaret's ducksPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThis paper deals with a number of aspects related to the application of phenomenology in the area of research. It focuses particularly on some aspects, present in some literature, that the author considers as non-consensual. A number of reasons are propounded to explain the phenomenological principles and application of these within the context of research. The strengthening of the available methodologies of phenomenological research is upheld, as a counterpoint to the fostering of an unlimited number of methodologies currently in fashion in qualitative research. The importance of reflecting on the concept of method is also referred to as well as that of clarifying the differences existent between philosophy, psychology and psychotherapy within the scope of the application of the phenomenological method.
- Suggested visual hallucinations in and out of hypnosisPublication . Mazzoni, Giuliana; Rotriquenz, Elisabetta; Carvalho, Cláudia Maria Constante Ferreira de; Vannucci, Manila; Roberts, Kathrine; Kirsch, IrvingWe administered suggestions to see a gray-scale pattern as colored and a colored pattern in shades of gray to 30 high suggestible and eight low suggestible students. The suggestions were administered twice, once following the induction of hypnosis and once without an induction. Besides rating the degree of color they saw in the stimuli differently, participants also rated their states of consciousness as normal, relaxed, hypnotized, or deeply hypnotized. Reports of being hypnotized were limited to highly suggestible participants and only after the hypnotic induction had been administered. Reports of altered color perception were also limited to high suggestibles, but were roughly comparable regardless of whether hypnosis had been induced. These data indicate that suggestible individuals do not slip into a hypnotic state when given imaginative suggestions without the induction of hypnosis, but nevertheless report experiencing difficult suggestions for profound perceptual alterations that are pheonomenologically similar to what they report in hypnosis.
- Immature psychological defense mechanisms are associated with greater personal importance of junkfood, alcohol, and televisionPublication . Costa, Rui Miguel; Brody, StuartImmature psychological defense mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to psychopathology. In addition, unhealthy food, television viewing, and alcohol consumption can be among the means to escape self-awareness. In contrast, engaging in, and responding fully to specifically penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) is associated with indices of better emotional regulation, including less use of immature defense mechanisms. There was a lack of research on the association of immature defense mechanisms with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. In an online survey, 334 primarily Scottish women completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and rated the personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Immature defense mechanisms correlated with importance of junk food, alcohol, and television. Importance of PVI correlated with mature defenses, and less use of some component immature defenses. Importance of alcohol correlated with importance of junk food, television, and noncoital sex. Importance of junk food was correlated with importance of television and noncoital sex. The findings are discussed in terms of persons with poorer self-regulatory abilities having more interest in junk food, television, and alcohol, and less interest in PVI.
- The Internet profiles of men who have sex with men within bareback websitesPublication . Nodin, Nuno; Valera, Pamela; Ventuneac, Ana; Maynard, Emily; Carballo-Diéguez, AlexThe Internet has become a venue for men who have sex with men to search for sexual partners. Some of these men intentionally seek unprotected anal intercourse with other men (‘bareback’ sex). This paper focuses on the creation, use, and content of Internet personal profiles of men who have sex with men in the greater New York City metropolitan area who use bareback sites for sexual networking. We used a mixedmethods approach to examine data from a cybercartography of Internet sites conducted during the first phase of the research (199 personal profiles) and from in-depth interviews conducted during its second phase (120 men who have sex with men who sought partners online for bareback sex). Results indicate that men generally followed offline stereotypical patterns in their online profiles. However, men who disclosed being HIV-positive were more likely to include face and head pictures. Overall, the images they used were heavily sexualised in accordance with group norms perceived and reinforced by the websites’ design and imagery. Bottom-identified men tended to be more explicit in the exposition of their sexual and drug use interests online. This paper highlights how certain virtual and social performances play upon and reinforce other, in the flesh, performances.
- Autobiographical memories in major depressive disorderPublication . Cláudio, Victor; Aurélio, João Garcez; Machado, Paulo Manuel Pinto Pereira AlmeidaThe objective of this research was to study the relation between the processing and recall of information in major depressive disorder. An autobiographical memory task was applied to 42 subjects with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 28 subjects with a diagnosis of panic disorder and 51 subjects without any psychological disorder. We used clinical scales for the evaluation of depression and anxiety. The results of the three groups, and both assessment periods of depressed subjects, were compared. The results indicate the existence, in severely depressed subjects, of a bias in processing and recalling negative information. We associate this situation to the existence of negative contents in selfschemas and processing and recall of information consistent with these schema contents. Based on the obtained results, we consider that the onset and maintenance of depression is more related to the information encoding and recall processes, controlled by the self’s negative schemas, than with negative thoughts.