PORG - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- Is more always better? An exploration of the differential effects of functional integration on performance in new product developmentPublication . Gomes, Jorge F. S.; Weerd-Nederhof, P. C. de; Pearson, A. W.; Cunha, Miguel Pina eThe objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between performance in new product development (hereinafter NPD) and functional integration under different conditions of project uncertainty. Functional integration is conceived as a two-dimensional concept, encompassing a behavioural — collaboration — and a structural — interaction — dimension. This study is based on 92 questionnaires looking at NPD activities in more than 40 British and Dutch companies from various industrial sectors. The results suggest that the nature of the relationship between integration and performance is contingent upon the project stage and the degree of novelty in the new product. Integration in the initial stages of the project assumes a prominent role in the quality of the end product, whereas in later stages it is more associated with time to market than with costs and end product quality. Results further show that the dimension collaboration of integration may be more relevant under circumstances of high new product innovativeness than when minor variations are introduced in a new product. The paper ends with a discussion of the use of universal approaches to NPD management.
- Dynamic spatial ability: An exploratory analysis and a confirmatory studyPublication . Oliveira, Teresa Cristina Clímaco Monteiro d'Spatial ability is included in nearly every multiple aptitude battery. However, it has been defined and evaluated in such a variety of ways that it is difficult to be precise about the meaning of the concept. A first study addresses the spatial literature, considers several measures, and empirically explores the dimensionality of the spatial domain. Nine spatial ability tests and 1 computer- administered measure were administered to a total of 104 volunteers. Results from the exploratory factor analysis identified 3 main factors: visualization, spatial relations, and dynamic spatial ability. A second study was conducted to cross-validate this factor structure. A total of 141 participants were involved in this study. Participants were recruited from professional training domains in which spatial ability has been considered important for successful performance: air traffic control, piloting, civil engineering, and architecture. Cross-validation was obtained through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In general, both empirical studies confirm the existence of dynamic spatial ability as a distinct dimension within the spatial domain.
- Organizational spiritualities: An ideology-based typologyPublication . Cunha, Miguel Pina e; Rego, Arménio; Oliveira, Teresa Cristina Clímaco Monteiro d'The topic of spirituality is gaining an increasing visibility in organizational studies. It is the authors contention that every theory of organization has explicit or implicit views of spirituality in the workplace. To analyze the presence of spiritual ideologies in management theories, they depart from Barley and Kunda’s Administrative Science Quarterly article and analyze management theories as spirituality theories with regard to representations of people and the organization. From this analysis, we extract two major dimensions of people (as dependent or independent workers) and the organization (as spiritually informed or spiritually uninformed) that, in combination, result in a typology that advances four organizational types of spirituality: the soulful organization, the holistic organization, the ascetic organization, and the professional organization. The expression of spirituality in each of these forms is discussed with the aim of contributing to a critically informed analysis of organizational spirituality.
- Portuguese Norms for the Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) Scale of Hypnotic SusceptibilityPublication . Carvalho, Cláudia Maria Constante Ferreira de; Kirsch, Irving; Mazzoni, Giuliana; Leal, Isabel PereiraAbstract: Portuguese norms for the Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) scale of hypnotic susceptibility are presented. A Portuguese translation of this scale was given to 625 Portuguese college students. Score distribution, item analysis, and reliability of the WSGC are presented and compared to three North American samples. The findings show that normative data from the Portuguese sample are congruent with the reference samples. The only significant difference obtained was a lower proportion of participants scoring within the high range of hypnotic suggestibility on the WSGC.
- The best of two worlds:how privatization affects the identity of a public organizationPublication . Palma, Patrícia Jardim Trindade Martins da; Cunha, Miguel Pina e; Lopes, Miguel PereiraPolicies have been introduced in the public sector to increase efficiency. Following a privatization, there is a split between operational and strategic control. In this study, we explored how a public organization restores its identity after losing its operational structure. Based on a case study of a seaport, we found that when the self-defining properties were lost, the organizational identity dissolved into a managerial public identity. The organizational meaning that provided security and guided behavior was lost and the new identity was unable to serve as a provider of meaning. Implications for new public management policy and practice are discussed.
- Individual and collective suffering of organisational failures in containment: Searching for a model to explore protomental dynamicsPublication . Morgan-Jones, Richard; Torres, NunoIn this article, boundary phenomena in groups and organisations are explored using both literal experience and the metaphor of skin that can be breached when shame or tact are lacking. One pathway researches how organisations can contribute to psychosomatic group diseases associated with the failed containment of shameless aggression and thus the failed creation of an internalised reliable container. A second pathway describes the emotional experience of having and belonging to an organisation with its own skin. We define how rigid, impinging or lax containment in organisations fail to meet the dependency needs of members making them vulnerable to group diseases.
- Contrato de trabajo, compromiso y satisfacción: Moderación de la empleabilidadPublication . Cesário, Francisco José Santos; Guillén Gestoso, Carlos; Montalbán Peregrín, F. ManuelLa búsqueda de prácticas flexibles de gestión de los recursos humanos viene desempeñando un papel importante para el desarrollo estratégico de las organizaciones y en particular en contextos de profunda crisis económica y financiera como la actual en Portugal, con una situación de desempleo creciente y un clima generalizado de inseguridad laboral. Este estudio pretende examinar si la percepción de empleabilidad por parte de los trabajadores puede desempeñar un papel moderador en la relación entre formas más flexibles de contratación, como el trabajo temporal, y las actitudes laborales. Resultados sugieren que la percepción de empleabilidad puede tener un efecto moderador en la relación entre el tipo de contrato de trabajo y el compromiso afectivo y la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores bajo contrato directo con la organización pero esta interacción no se ha encontrado para trabajadores con contrato de trabajo temporal con las Agencias de Empleo. ------ ABSTRACT ------ The search for flexible practices of human resources management comes playing an important role for the strategic organizational development and specially in contexts of deep economic and financial crisis like the present one in Portugal, with an increasing unemployment and a generalized climate of job insecurity. This study tries to examine if perception of employability by employees moderates the relationship between flexible forms of hiring, such as temporary work, and job attitudes like affective commitment and job satisfaction. Results suggest the moderating role of employability for workers under direct contract with the organization but this interaction has not been pointed for workers with an temporary work contract with Employment Agencies. ------ RESUMO ------- A busca por práticas flexíveis da gestão dos recursos humanos vem desempenhando um papel importante para o desenvolvimento estratégico das organizações e, em particular, nos contextos da profunda crise econômica e financeira como a que vive hoje Portugal, com uma situação de desemprego crescente e um clima generalizado de insegurança laboral. Este estudo pretende examinar se a percepção de empregabilidade por parte dos trabalhadores pode desempenhar um papel moderador na relação entre as formas mais flexíveis de contratação, como o trabalho temporário, e as atitudes laborais. Resultados sugerem que a percepção de empregabilidade pode ter um efeito moderador na relação entre o tipo de contrato de trabalho e o compromisso efetivo e a satisfação laboral dos trabalhadores com contrato direto com a organização, mas esta interação não foi encontrada para os trabalhadores com contrato de trabalho temporário com as Agências de Emprego.
- Selection of Air Force pilot candidates: A case study on the predictive accuracy of discriminant analysis, logistic regression and four neural network typesPublication . Maroco, João; Ribeiro, Rui BártoloInexistente
- Impact of M&As on organizational performance: The moderating role of HRM centralityPublication . Correia, Manuela Faia; Cunha, Rita Campos e; Scholten, MarcIn this study, we examine how the effects of mergers and acquisitions on organizational performance are moderated by human resource management (HRM) centrality. We differentiate three types of ownership change: mergers, bidder, and target acquisitions. The study is anchored on the literatures addressing strategic human resource management and strategic contingencies of intra-organizational power. In an analysis of the data from the 2005 Cranet survey, results showed that (i) formalization attenuated a positive impact of bidder acquisitions and aggravated a negative impact of mergers on performance, but (ii) HRM strategic involvement and centralization of HRM practices boosted a positive impact of bidder acquisitions on performance. The study offers new insights about the role of HRM centrality, and suggests that mergers and acquisitions should be studied as differentiated ownership change processes.
- Circadian rhythms have broad implications for understanding brain and behaviorPublication . Silver, Rae; Kriegsfeld, Lance J.Circadian rhythms are generated by an endogenously organized timing system that drives daily rhythms in behavior, physiology and metabolism. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the locus of a master circadian clock. The SCN is synchronized to environmental changes in the light:dark cycle by direct, monosynaptic innervation via the retino-hypothalamic tract. In turn, the SCN coordinates the rhythmic activities of innumerable subordinate clocks in virtually all bodily tissues and organs. The core molecular clockwork is composed of a transcriptional/post-translational feedback loop in which clock genes and their protein products periodically suppress their own transcription. This primary loop connects to downstream output genes by additional, interlocked transcriptional feedback loops to create tissue-specific ‘circadian transcriptomes’. Signals from peripheral tissues inform the SCN of the internal state of the organism and the brain’s master clock is modified accordingly. A consequence of this hierarchical, multilevel feedback system is that there are ubiquitous effects of circadian timing on genetic and metabolic responses throughout the body. This overview examines landmark studies in the history of the study of circadian timing system, and highlights our current understanding of the operation of circadian clocks with a focus on topics of interest to the neuroscience community.
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