Browsing by Author "Santos, Carolina"
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- O ajustamento emocional das crianças e adolescentes face ao divórcioPublication . Santos, Carolina; Pires, António Augusto PazoForam analisadas as dificuldades dos filhos de pais divorciados, os factores facilitadores e inibidores do seu ajustamento emocional. Foram estudadas as notas das entrevistas semi-estruturadas e das observações participantes de dois filhos e uma mãe divorciada, de acordo com o método da Grounded Theory. Foi aferido que perante este desmoronar do sistema familiar, os filhos de pais divorciados sofrem com a perda/afastamento do pai/mãe que sai de casa, com a falta de suporte social ou pelo contrario com o apoio familiar e de amigos e as dificuldades relacionais. Verificou-se ainda, que o ajustamento emocional parece ser influenciado por factores facilitadores e/ou inibidores, entre eles as características pessoais dos pais, o tipo de ruptura parental, a idade da criança/adolescente, as suas características pessoais, a qualidade de relação da criança com cada progenitor, as incompatibilidades familiares, novos relacionamentos parentais, a frequência de contacto com o progenitor que saiu.
- Children’s play profiles: Contributions from child’s temperament and father’s parenting styles in a portuguese samplePublication . Santos, Carolina; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Ribeiro, Olívia; Vaughn, BrianUsing a sample of Portuguese preschool-age children, we aimed to identify different play profiles based on teachers' descriptions of social and non-social behaviors, as well as characterize them in terms of children's characteristics (sex and temperament) and fathers' parenting styles (e.g., warmth and involvement or punitive strategies). The 243 children were distributed across four profiles (identified through a two-stage cluster analysis): Solitary/Reticent, Social Rough, Social, and Social Solitary. A univariate effect was found between play profiles and children's effortful control, as well as fathers' punitive strategies. In addition, a significant multivariate interaction was found between child's sex and the Solitary/Reticent and Social Rough profiles for father's punitive strategies. In this sample, children with social play profiles seem to use diverse types of behaviors during their interactions with peers and in being adjusted within the group. As children's early experiences with peers are a central context for healthy development, a better understating of the diversity of play profiles and its predictors is important for early interventions.
- Crenças sobre o papel do pai numa amostra de homens Portugueses: Implicações para uma parentalidade positivaPublication . Amaral, Rita; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Santos, Carolina; Torres, NunoEste estudo teve como objetivo analisar variáveis explicativas da qualidade da parentalidade na perspetiva do pai, nomeadamente: as crenças sobre o seu papel e variáveis sociodemográficas como a idade, habilitações literárias e trabalho. Participaram 207 pais de famílias nucleares com crianças a frequentar o pré-escolar (105 rapazes). Os resultados indicam que existem associações significativas e positivas entre as habilitações literárias do pai, as suas crenças e a parentalidade positiva; e associações negativas entre a idade do pai e as suas crenças, e entre estas e a parentalidade negativa. Para a parentalidade positiva, as crenças sobre o papel do pai são o único preditor significativo existindo, ainda, um efeito de interação entre as crenças e as habilitações literárias. Os resultados sugerem a importância de se considerar e integrar
- Factorial structure, measurement invariance and reliability of the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) in a sample of Portuguese parentsPublication . Fernandes, Marília; Morais, Inês; Santos, Carolina; Guedes, Maryse; Ribeiro, Olívia; Fernandes, Carla; Pires, Eva; Santos, Ana Filipa; Santos, Antonio J.; Veríssimo, ManuelaAbstract: Emotion regulation is important for socioemotional and mental health development, with lifelong implications. The Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC; Shields & Cicchetti, 1997) is a widely used tool to assess emotional regulation and dysregulation in children. Despite wide use and translate into several languages, inconsistent findings have been found in its factorial structure across studies. This study addresses this gap by examining the factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance of the ERC in a Portuguese sample. A sample of 789 parents (mostly mothers, 90.9%) with children between 3 to 12 years old (49.3% preschoolers and 50.7% School-age) completed the scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that the original two-factor model (Emotion Regulation and Lability/Negativity) reached an acceptable fit, however three items had to be removed, and two item residuals correlated. Full invariance was achieved regarding boys and girls. While, regarding age, only configural invariance was achieved, meaning that, different loadings should be expected between preschool and school-age children. Considering the final model the Cronbach’s alphas (α) was .66 for Emotion Regulation and .80 for Lability/Negativity. These findings provide some support for the use of the Portuguese parents’ version of the ERC with preschool and school-age children.
- Father’s engagement in direct care is associated with children’s social competence for preschool boys but not girls in PeruPublication . Nóblega, Magaly; Monteiro, Lígia; Santos, Carolina; Diniz, Eva; Guimet, Marisut; Ugarte, Andrea; Marinelli, FrancescoABSTRACT: Evidence shows that fathers have an important role in child development, but few studies explore this influence in the Latin American context. This study aimed to contribute to bridge this gap by analyzing in a Peruvian urban, mainly middle socioeconomic sample, the associations between different dimensions of father engagement (i.e., interaction in direct care, teaching/discipline, and play activities) and children’s social adjustment (i.e., social competence, anxiety-withdrawal and anger-aggression) during the preschool years, while controlling for child’s age and parents’ education, and testing the interaction effects between father’s engagement and child’s gender. Two hundred three 2-parent families with preschool children (M = 52.82, SD = 10.06; 57.63% were girls) participated in the study. Multiple ordinary least squares regression models were conducted. Only for social competence, an interaction between father’s engagement in direct care and child’s gender (boys) was found. These results contribute to highlight the importance of fathers in domains traditionally associated with mothers in a Latin American context.
- Father’s involvement and parenting styles in Portuguese families. The role of education and working hoursPublication . Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Fernandes, Marília; Torres, Nuno; Santos, CarolinaAbstract: Early studies on fathers focused mainly on their presence in or absence from children’s lives, and the amount of time they spent with them. More recently, several authors have stated the importance of understanding the quality of father involvement to comprehend fully its impact on child development. However, studies have also reported that socio-demographic variables, namely, father educational levels and employment status affect parenting and children outcomes. The aims of this study were to analyze a sample of 465 Portuguese two-parent families with pre-school age children, looking for associations between father involvement in care/socialization activities and paternal parenting styles while testing for the moderating effect of father educational levels and working hours. Fathers reported on their own parenting styles and mothers described the father’s involvement. Fathers’ working hours moderated the relation between his authoritative parenting style and involvement in teaching/discipline and play activities. In addition, fathers’ education moderated the relation between his authoritative style and involvement in direct care and teaching/discipline. Given the different roles that fathers can assume in their children’s lives, it is important to understand the mechanisms of paternal participation, and identify the factors which explain the differences in effective care so that we can promote higher positive involvement.
- Perfis de envolvimento relativo do pai e ajustamento social de crianças em jardim-de-infânciaPublication . Amaral, Rita; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Santos, CarolinaO presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar perfis de envolvimento relativo do pai, em diversas atividades relacionadas com o dia-a-dia da criança (cuidados e socialização), testando posteriormente se existiam diferenças, em função dos mesmos, para o ajustamento social das crianças. Participaram 283 famílias nucleares, com crianças em idade pré-escolar (139 rapazes). Foram identificados dois perfis: Perfil 1 – companheiros de brincadeira e Perfil 2 – cuidadores e companheiros de brincadeira. Os pais no Perfil 2 participavam significativamente mais em todas as atividades analisadas. Encontraram-se, ainda, diferenças em função das habilitações literárias de ambos os cuidadores (mais elevadas no Perfil 2) e das horas de trabalho dos pais (mais elevadas no Perfil 1). Para 94 destas crianças as educadoras descreveram o seu ajustamento social, tendo-se verificado que crianças cujos pais estão mais envolvidos nas atividades de cuidados e de socialização apresentavam valores mais baixos de retraimento social ansioso no grupo de pares. Os resultados sugerem a importância de se considerar quer a mãe, quer o pai, quando se desenham programas de promoção do bem-estar e ajustamento social das crianças.
- Perfis de envolvimento relativo do pai e ajustamento social de crianças em jardim-de-infânciaPublication . Amaral, Rita; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Santos, CarolinaResumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar perfis de envolvimento relativo do pai, em diversas atividades relacionadas com o dia-a-dia da criança (cuidados e socialização), testando posteriormente se existiam diferenças, em função dos mesmos, para o ajustamento social das crianças. Participaram 283 famílias nucleares, com crianças em idade pré-escolar (139 rapazes). Foram identificados dois perfis: Perfil 1 – companheiros de brincadeira e Perfil 2 – cuidadores e companheiros de brincadeira. Os pais no Perfil 2 participavam significativamente mais em todas as atividades analisadas. Encontraram-se, ainda, diferenças em função das habilitações literárias de ambos os cuidadores (mais elevadas no Perfil 2) e das horas de trabalho dos pais (mais elevadas no Perfil 1). Para 94 destas crianças as educadoras descreveram o seu ajustamento social, tendo-se verificado que crianças cujos pais estão mais envolvidos nas atividades de cuidados e de socialização apresentavam valores mais baixos de retraimento social ansioso no grupo de pares. Os resultados sugerem a importância de se considerar quer a mãe, quer o pai, quando se desenham programas de promoção do bem-estar e ajustamento social das crianças.
- The role of child’s age, sex, and temperament in father involvement during the pre-school yearsPublication . Santos, Carolina; Monteiro, Lígia; Torres, Nuno(1) Background: The aim of the study was to explore how child’s characteristics (age, sex, and temperament) were associated with father’s involvement in child-related activities. In a sample of 410 bi-parental families with pre-school age children. (2) Methods: Dividing the sample into two age groups, OLS regression models were conducted for each dimension of father involvement with child characteristics as predicting variables. (3) Results: for the younger children (3 and 4 years) fathers were more involved in teaching/discipline and played with their more extroverted daughters. With older children (5 and 6 years), fathers were more involved in teaching/discipline and played when children were higher on negative-affectivity. An interaction was found with boys’ higher negativeaffectivity, predicting fathers’ higher involvement in teaching and discipline. (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that children’s characteristics have an impact on what fathers do, particularly in a dimension salient to pre-school years such as teaching/discipline. This can help build tailored empirical-sustained programs aiming to encourage and support fathers’ positive involvement.