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- A biopsychosocial perspective of mental health risk in Italy during phase two of the COVID-19 lockdownPublication . Rossi, Martina; Jarego, Margarida; Ferreira-Valente, Maria Alexandra; Miró, Jordi; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Elisabet; Ciaramella, Antonella.: Introduction: Research into the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy showed an association with an increased susceptibility to adverse mental health (MH) in the general population. We investigated in the same population the correlations between the various demographic, socioeconomic, biological/clinical history and psychological dimensions and MH in the second, “opening-up”, phase of the lockdown. Methods: An anonymous online survey collected data from 26 May to 4 July 2020 on demographic, socioeconomic, perceived risk, general health and quality of life appraisals, worry, interference in life, life satisfaction, perceived happiness and MH by using Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). Results: Of the 300 participants, only 195 responded to MH questions. Older age was positively associated with better MH (r=.15), as was education (r=.19). A negative correlation with MH, with medium-high effect size, was found with quality of life (r=.40) and health (r=.34) appraisals, and the factors “worry about sustenance” (r=.23) and “interference with life” (r=.32). A positive correlation, with strong effect size, was found between MH and life satisfaction (r=.53) and perception of happiness (r=.64). Discussion: During phase two of the lockdown, rather the real impact of COVID-19 restrictions on employment or economic resources, it was worry about finances that was associated with worse MH. Mental distress was associated with the loss of some positive psychological factors. From a homeostatic and biopsychosocial perspective of MH, life satisfaction and perceived happiness represent important mental resources for counteracting the effects of lockdown on MH.
- Perceções de mulheres em situação de reclusão face às visitas: contributos para práticas e políticasPublication . Jólluskin, Glória; Minosso, Alice; Andrade, Joana; Castro Rodrigues, Andreia deO presente estudo procura caraterizar a perceção das mulheres em reclusão sobre o papel que as visitas desempenham durante o cumprimento da pena. Foram entrevistadas 15 mulheres numa prisão feminina do Brasil, organizando-se as suas respostas em áreas temáticas. Os resultados mostram que para as mulheres, as visitas são fundamentais para expressar afetos e para proporcionar a oportunidade de tomar conhecimento de notícias sobre os seus familiares e amigos, manifestando as dificuldades que supõe o afastamento da família. Analisamos os obstáculos percebidos à realização de visitas durante o tempo de reclusão e os efeitos que a suspensão das visitas têm nas mulheres em reclusão e nos seus familiares. Concluímos o estudo com uma reflexão sobre os contributos dos nossos resultados para as políticas e práticas prisionais, ressaltando a necessidade do sistema prisional brasileiro valorizar devidamente a importância das visitas para a manutenção dos laços familiares durante o cumprimento da pena.
- Não monogamia consensual: atitudes e experiências de pessoas heterossexuais, homossexuais e plurissexuaisPublication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Gonçalves, José Alberto RibeiroA maioria das culturas ocidentais assume o padrão relacional monogâmico como o ideal nas relações de compromisso, ainda que este padrão seja hoje menos frequente e particularmente entre minorias sexuais. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as crenças e a adesão à não monogamia consensual. Método: Foi recolhida uma amostra de 1,725 adultos (idade média = 35), entre os quais 1,159 exclusivamente heterossexuais, 164 exclusivamente homossexuais, e 402 plurissexuais, que participaram em um estudo conduzido online. Resultados: Os participantes heterossexuais revelaram atitudes e desejo de envolvimento em relações sexuais mais restritivas e atitudes menos abertas a relações não monogâmicas do que os participantes homossexuais e plurissexuais. Contudo, os participantes plurissexuais revelaram maior abertura a relações não monogâmicas do que os participantes homossexuais. Quanto ao género, as mulheres de forma geral revelaram atitudes e desejo de envolvimento em relações sexuais mais restritivas e atitudes menos abertas a relações não monogâmicas do que os homens. Discussão: Neste estudo, as pessoas com identidades sexuais menos normativas (bissexuais, pansexuais, queer) revelaram maior desejo e experiência de relações de compromisso não monogâmico e atitudes sexuais menos restritivas, sugerindo uma dupla disrupção dos padrões heteronormativos e mononormativos que poderá ter impacto na saúde, e particularmente na saúde sexual deste grupo de pessoas.
- Crenças sobre o papel do pai numa amostra de homens Portugueses: Implicações para uma parentalidade positivaPublication . Amaral, Rita; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Santos, Carolina; Torres, NunoEste estudo teve como objetivo analisar variáveis explicativas da qualidade da parentalidade na perspetiva do pai, nomeadamente: as crenças sobre o seu papel e variáveis sociodemográficas como a idade, habilitações literárias e trabalho. Participaram 207 pais de famílias nucleares com crianças a frequentar o pré-escolar (105 rapazes). Os resultados indicam que existem associações significativas e positivas entre as habilitações literárias do pai, as suas crenças e a parentalidade positiva; e associações negativas entre a idade do pai e as suas crenças, e entre estas e a parentalidade negativa. Para a parentalidade positiva, as crenças sobre o papel do pai são o único preditor significativo existindo, ainda, um efeito de interação entre as crenças e as habilitações literárias. Os resultados sugerem a importância de se considerar e integrar
- Posttraumatic growth in adult cancer patients: an updated systematic reviewPublication . Patrao, Ivone; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Rudnicki, Tânia; Santos, Ana Isabel; Costa, Margarida; Pimenta, Filipa; Ramos, CatarinaThe current systematic review is an updated analysis of studies with adult cancer patients, regarding factors associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG), which is defined as perceived positive changes after traumatic event, such as cancer. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement guidelines. Seven electronic databases were searched. Quantitative studies with or without psychosocial group intervention that assessed PTG or similar construct (benefit finding [BF], positive life changes, stress-related growth, growth) as main outcome were included. The initial systematic search yielded 659 papers, published between 2006 and 2015. From those, 81 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 73 studies without intervention and 8 entailing an intervention program. The results suggested that socio-demographic (e.g. age, educational level, household income), clinical (e.g. stage of cancer), cognitive (e.g. intrusiveness, challenge to core beliefs), coping-related (e.g. positive reframing, religious coping) and other psychosocial variables (e.g. social support, optimism, spirituality) are positively associated with PTG. BF is associated with gender, marital status, cancer stage, both cancer and treatment type, positive active coping, positive reappraisal, social support and optimism. Psychosocial group interventions with cancer patients show significant effect on the increase of growth reported (PTG or BF). As conclusion, Growth following a cancer experience is an effect of several variables which might be targeted and promoted in the context of multidisciplinary teams, in hospital and clinical settings. Group interventions are a favorable context to the development of PTG after cancer, but interventions that assess PTG as primary outcome are still needed to evaluate the effect of group on PTG’ facilitation.
- Perceived representations and consequences of menopausa and andropausa: evisa preliminary resultsPublication . Leal, Isabel Pereira; Marôco, João Paulo; Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Pimenta, Filipa; Tomás, Carolina CorreiaA menopausa e andropausa são processos caracterizados por várias mudanças. Porém, a investigação na área tem focado as questões médicas, descorando as variáveis psicossociais, bem como a sua influência na vivência desta etapa. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo (parte do estudo EVISA) é avaliar as representações que mulheres portuguesas têm sobre estes processos e respetivas consequências percebidas. Foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas a mulheres portuguesas (43 a 86 anos). Subsequentemente, a análise de conteúdo e temática das entrevistas foi feita por dois avaliadores de forma dependente, com recurso ao MAXQDA, seguida por uma análise de frequências. A cessação de menstruação e os sintomas vasomotores foram as representações da menopausa mais frequentes (50%), sendo a primeira a consequência positiva mais mencionada (50%) e a segunda a negativa (40%). Quanto às representações de andropausa, as respostas mais dadas foram associadas ao envelhecimento, variações na líbido, perda de capacidades e a visão da andropausa como um processo equivalente à menopausa (30%). A maioria das participantes considera não existirem consequências positivas (60%), e a depressão foi identificada como a consequência negativa mais referida (30%). Estes resultados preliminares fornecem informações importantes quer para a investigação, como para a prática clínica, dado que as representações das mulheres (especialmente sobre a menopausa) poderão influenciar a vivência desta fase do ciclo da vida.
- Perceções dos psicólogos portugueses acerca da aceitabilidade de uma intervenção dirigida a crianças inibidas em idade pré-escolarPublication . Guedes, Maryse; Alves, Stephanie; Santos, António J.; Verissimo, Manuela; Tuscano, Andrea Chronis; Danko, Christina; Rubin, KennethHigh and stable behavioral inhibition (BI) during early childhood have been associated with an increased risk of later anxiety disorders and peer difficulties. Developing evidence-based early interventions to prevent these unhealthy developmental trajectories has become a major focus of interest. However, these interventions are not yet available in Europe. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Portuguese psychologists about the acceptability of the child component of the Turtle Program, before its dissemination in Portugal. Eighteen psychologists were distributed into three focus groups. Each group was moderated by a trained psychologist, using a semi-structured interview guide. The thematic analysis revealed that Portuguese psychologists acknowledged that the intervention needs to go beyond social skills training and enhance children’s positive self-perceptions. Overall, psychologists perceived the structure, contents, activities, and materials of the intervention to be acceptable. However, participants recommended minor modifications to strengthen the connection with naturalistic contexts, broaden the focus on emotional expressiveness and social interaction, and introduce creative activities and materials. These findings are consistent with previous research with LatinX practitioners, who typically agree with the acceptability of evidence-based child intervention principles and only report the need to introduce minor changes related to the way how interventions are delivered to children.
- Trends in portuguese adolescents’ sexual behavior from 2002 to 2014: HBSC Portuguese StudyPublication . Reis, Marta; Ramiro, Lúcia; Camacho, Inês; Tomé, Gina; Matos, MGThis study examined trends in adolescent sexual behaviors from 2002 to 2014 in Portugal. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 8th and 10th graders in classrooms during 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. Overall, the prevalence of sexual intercourse, age of sexual initiation, pill use, and sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs decreased in Portugal between 2002 and 2014, while condom use increased. Boys and 10th graders more frequently reported having ever had sexual intercourse, boys and 8th graders more frequently reported having had sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs, girls and 10th graders more frequently reported having had their first sexual intercourse at 14 years or older (except in 2014, where boys and girls reported more frequently having initiated at 12–13 years), and girls and 10th graders reported more frequently having used condoms and the pill (except in 2014) at the last sexual intercourse. Eighth graders more frequently reported having had their first sexual experience at 12–13 years (except in 2006).
- Social comparison in parents of children with chronic conditions: results from the Portuguese version of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation MeasurePublication . Mendes, Teresa; Crespo, C.; Maroco, J. P.; Buunk, Abraham Pieter; Austin, JoanABSTRACT: Aim: The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is a measure for assessing individual differences in social comparison orientation. Despite the relevance of social comparison orientation in understanding adult patients' adjustment responses to chronic health conditions, the impact of parental social comparison processes in the context of chronic pediatric conditions remains unexplored. This study’s main goal was to examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the INCOM with parents of children with chronic health conditions. Method: Two samples of parents of children with chronic pediatric conditions (asthma, epilepsy, diabetes and obesity) were used (test sample, N = 301; validation sample, N = 192). Parents completed self-reported measures of social comparison orientation, anxiety and depression symptoms and neuroticism. Results: Regarding factorial validity, results supported the unidimensionality of a revised INCOM scale, comprised of nine items. Results also supported the reliability of the measure, and provided evidence of concurrent validity: parents with higher social comparison orientation presented more anxiety and depressive symptoms, and higher neuroticism scores, consistent with what was theoretically expected. Conclusion: This study opens an important door in the field of pediatric chronic conditions, supporting the relevance of examining parents’ social comparison differences in future research, and the utility of the INCOM in the assessment of those differences.
- The other side of self-monitoring : inhibition control in and out a social contextPublication . Figueira, Pedro; Garcia-Marques, TeresaAbstract: Although the Stroop effect depends on cognitive monitoring efficiency, it is not yet clear if the Self-Monitoring personality trait is related with such efficiency. Here we contrast two likely hypotheses. If we assume executive control functions to be more activated by individuals’ personality tendency to monitor their behavior, we should expect High Self-Monitors to reduce Stroop interference. However, if we assume that Self-Monitoring personality features are only monitoring social context features, it may be that High Self-monitors lack executive resources to perform a Stroop task depending on the nature of their social context. In two studies, we test these hypotheses creating a feeling of being in a social context through priming (Study 1) or by manipulating other’s presence (Study 2). In both studies we assessed High and Low Self-Monitor’s performance in a Stroop task. Results of both experiments show that while Low Self-Monitors perform better in social than in nonsocial contexts, High Self-Monitors perform worse in the social context. This pattern of results suggests monitoring activity of High Self-Monitors in the presence of others interferes with their cognitive performance in controlling Stroop interference.
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