WJCR - Artigos em revistas nacionais
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- Delinquência juvenil: Um estudo comparativo de rapazes institucionalizadosPublication . Pechorro, Pedro Fernandes dos Santos; Maroco, João; Vieira, Rui Xavier; Oliveira, João Pedro; Gonçalves, Rui AbrunhosaA presente investigação teve como objetivo analisar o papel desempenhado na delinquência juvenil pelos constructos de traços psicopáticos, problemas de comportamento, comportamentos delinquentes e autoestima. Recorrendo a uma amostra total de 543 jovens do sexo masculino, subdividida em amostra forense (n = 221; M = 15.86 anos; DP = 1.31 anos; amplitude = 13-20 anos) e em amostra escolar (n = 322; M = 16.03 anos; DP = 1.62 anos; amplitude = 12- 20 anos), os resultados indicaram que os jovens da amostra forense apresentam valores significativamente mais elevados em traços psicopáticos, problemas de comportamento, comportamentos delinquentes, além de valores mais baixos em autoestima. Um modelo de regressão logística binária apoiou a importância destas variáveis na predição de pertença dos jovens às amostras forense e escolar.
- Relationships between diurnal adrenocortical activity, children’s attachment security and mothers’ attachment representationsPublication . Roque, Lisa; Veríssimo, Manuela; Oliveira, Tânia Sofia Ferreira de; Fernandes, Marília; Rebelo, Ana Sofia Garcia; Oliveira, Rui FilipeThis study investigated the relationship between diurnal adrenocortical activity and attachment quality (children’s secure base behaviours and mothers’ attachment representations). Forty-two children ranging in age from 18 to 26 months of age and their mothers participated in this study. Children and mothers’ saliva samples were collected on two consecutive days (Saturday and Sunday), three times per day: awakening; 20m after awakening; bedtime. No significant relationships were found involving mothers’ attachment representations. However, significant negative correlations between children and mothers’ bedtime cortisol levels and children’s attachment security were found.
- Judgment of covariation: A reviewPublication . Mata, AndréThis paper reviews a selection of influential studies on judgment of covariation in order to examine how accurate people’s covariation judgments are in general, and how sophisticated are the reasoning strategies that they use to make those judgments. Very different answers have been given to these questions, depending on several factors, including the method that is used to assess people’s performance on these tasks, and the motivation that people have to reach certain conclusions. It is argued that, although people are often quite poor at judging covariation, they are flexible in the reasoning strategies that they use to do so, and they have the potential to use sophisticated strategies and make accurate judgments when certain conditions are met.
- Propriedades psicométricas da escala de respostas socialmente desejáveis - 5 (SDRS-5) em jovens institucionalizadosPublication . Pechorro, Pedro Fernandes dos Santos; Barroso, Ricardo; Silva, Irene; Maroco, João; Gonçalves, Rui AbrunhosaO objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Respostas Socialmente Desejáveis - 5 (SDRS-5) em uma amostra de jovens institucionalizados. Com base nesta amostra (N = 221), a versão portuguesa da SDRS-5 demonstrou boas propriedades psicométricas, nomeadamente em termos de estrutura fatorial, consistência interna, validade convergente e validade discriminante que de uma forma geral justificam a sua utilização. Em termos de validade de critério, foram encontradas correlações negativas entre a SDRS-5 e consumo de álcool, de cannabis, de cocaína/heroína e sexo sem preservativo.
- Burnout em profissionais da saúde portugueses: Uma análise a nível nacionalPublication . Maroco, João; Maroco, Ana Lúcia; Leite, Ema; Bastos, Cristina; Vazão, Maria José; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte BoniniIntrodução: O burnout é uma síndrome psicológica, caracterizada por elevada exaustão emocional, elevada despersonalização e baixa realização profissional, que conduz à erosão dos valores pessoais, profissionais e de saúde. Este estudo reporta a prevalência do burnout em profissionais de saúde Portugueses. Material e Métodos: Os níveis de burnout foram estimados pelo Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey numa escala ordinal de zero (nunca) a seis (sempre) pontos. A amostra foi constituída por 1 262 enfermeiros e 466 médicos com médias de idade de 36,8 anos (DP = 12,2) e 38,7 (DP = 11,0), respetivamente. Os participantes foram provenientes de todos os distritos nacionais (35% Lisboa; 18% Porto; 6% Aveiro, 6% Setúbal, 5% Coimbra; 5% regiões autónomas), com atuação em meio hospitalar (54%), centros de saúde (Unidade de Saúde Familiar - 30%; Unidades de Cuidados de Saúde Primários - 8%) e outras instituições públicas/privadas (8%). Resultados: A análise dos níveis de burnout revelou que ambas as categorias profissionais apresentaram níveis moderados a elevados de burnout (M = 3,0; DP = 1,7) não sendo significativas as diferenças entre as duas profissões. Vila Real (M = 3,8; SD = 1,7) e a Madeira (M = 2,5; DP = 1,5) são as regiões onde os níveis de burnout são mais e menos elevados, respetivamente. Os níveis de burnout não diferiram significativamente entre Hospitais, Unidades de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados e Unidades de Saúde Familiares. Os profissionais com maior tempo na função são menos acometidos por burnout (r = -0,15) não ocorrendo associação significativa com a duração da jornada de trabalho (r = 0,04). A má qualidade das condições de trabalho foi o melhor preditor do burnout (r = -0,35). Discussão: A ocorrência da síndrome de burnout em profissionais de saúde portugueses é frequente, estando associada à percepção de más condições de trabalho e à menor duração do tempo de serviço. A incidência de burnout apresenta diferenças regionais que podem estar associadas ao aumento do stress imposto pelo exercício da profissão em condições sub-ótimas para a prestação dos cuidados de saúde. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de intervenções para melhorar as condições de trabalho e formação inicial dos profissionais de saúde de forma a garantir a qualidade do serviço prestado aos utentes e o bem-estar pessoal destes profissionais. Conclusões: A nível nacional, entre 2011 e 2013, 21,6% dos profissionais de saúde apresentaram burnout moderado e 47,8% burnout elevado. A perceção de más condições de trabalho foi o principal preditor da ocorrência de burnout nos profissionais de saúde Portugueses.
- Profiling family firms in the Autonomous Region of the AzoresPublication . Pimentel, Duarte Nuno Gonçalves; Scholten, MarcThis study aims to profile family firms located in the Autonomous Region of the Azores. Using a sample of 82 family-controlled firms, we were able to create the profile of these firms, by looking at several important profiling aspects such as ownership and governance, experience and management, and corporate culture. While other indicators are also taken into account: sector of activity, years in business, number of employees, and last year’s turnover. Results show that these firms are owned and controlled exclusively by the family, and its owners and managers are the founding generation. They operate in the retail sector, have less than 10 employees, have been in business for over 30 years, and have a turnover of less than €500,000 per year. The family members show a strong sense of pride, belief and identity towards the firm and consider that the family has an important influence in the business.
- Análise fatorial confirmatória da versão portuguesa da escala preschool play behaviour scale para educadorasPublication . Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Fernandes, Marília; Sousa, Tânia Lobo; Torres, Nuno; Rosado, António Fernando; Santos, António JoséA Preschool Play Behavior Scale é um instrumento constituído por 18 itens que expressam diferentes tipos de comportamentos das crianças, em contexto de brincadeira livre com os pares, procurando diferenciar, em particular, tipos de comportamentos não-sociais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo traduzir e analisar a estrutura fatorial do instrumento e as suas características psicométricas. Sessenta educadoras descreveram os comportamentos de 369 crianças (166 raparigas), com idades compreendidas entre os 36 e os 60 meses, e a frequentar escolas de Ensino Particular com fins lucrativos e Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social, do Distrito de Lisboa/Portugal. O modelo final de 4 fatores - Comportamento Reticente, Solitário-Passivo, Solitário-Ativo e Brincadeira Social parece ajustar-se adequadamente aos grupos de idade e sexo considerados.
- Father’s involvement and parenting styles in Portuguese families. The role of education and working hoursPublication . Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Fernandes, Marília; Torres, Nuno; Santos, CarolinaAbstract: Early studies on fathers focused mainly on their presence in or absence from children’s lives, and the amount of time they spent with them. More recently, several authors have stated the importance of understanding the quality of father involvement to comprehend fully its impact on child development. However, studies have also reported that socio-demographic variables, namely, father educational levels and employment status affect parenting and children outcomes. The aims of this study were to analyze a sample of 465 Portuguese two-parent families with pre-school age children, looking for associations between father involvement in care/socialization activities and paternal parenting styles while testing for the moderating effect of father educational levels and working hours. Fathers reported on their own parenting styles and mothers described the father’s involvement. Fathers’ working hours moderated the relation between his authoritative parenting style and involvement in teaching/discipline and play activities. In addition, fathers’ education moderated the relation between his authoritative style and involvement in direct care and teaching/discipline. Given the different roles that fathers can assume in their children’s lives, it is important to understand the mechanisms of paternal participation, and identify the factors which explain the differences in effective care so that we can promote higher positive involvement.
- Posttraumatic growth in adult cancer patients: an updated systematic reviewPublication . Patrao, Ivone; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Rudnicki, Tânia; Santos, Ana Isabel; Costa, Margarida; Pimenta, Filipa; Ramos, CatarinaThe current systematic review is an updated analysis of studies with adult cancer patients, regarding factors associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG), which is defined as perceived positive changes after traumatic event, such as cancer. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement guidelines. Seven electronic databases were searched. Quantitative studies with or without psychosocial group intervention that assessed PTG or similar construct (benefit finding [BF], positive life changes, stress-related growth, growth) as main outcome were included. The initial systematic search yielded 659 papers, published between 2006 and 2015. From those, 81 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 73 studies without intervention and 8 entailing an intervention program. The results suggested that socio-demographic (e.g. age, educational level, household income), clinical (e.g. stage of cancer), cognitive (e.g. intrusiveness, challenge to core beliefs), coping-related (e.g. positive reframing, religious coping) and other psychosocial variables (e.g. social support, optimism, spirituality) are positively associated with PTG. BF is associated with gender, marital status, cancer stage, both cancer and treatment type, positive active coping, positive reappraisal, social support and optimism. Psychosocial group interventions with cancer patients show significant effect on the increase of growth reported (PTG or BF). As conclusion, Growth following a cancer experience is an effect of several variables which might be targeted and promoted in the context of multidisciplinary teams, in hospital and clinical settings. Group interventions are a favorable context to the development of PTG after cancer, but interventions that assess PTG as primary outcome are still needed to evaluate the effect of group on PTG’ facilitation.
- O bom leitor: Preditores da literacia de leitura dos alunos portugueses no PIRLS 2016Publication . Maroco, J. P.In 2016, 4642 Portuguese students, randomly selected from all Portuguese regions, attending fourth grade in public and private schools, participated in the PIRLS 2016. In this edition, Portuguese students achieved an average performance of 528 points (SE = 2.3), 13 points significantly below the average observed in PIRLS 2011. In this paper, using hierarchical linear regression models applied to the students’ plausible values of literacy, variables at the students’ and the families’ level and at the teachers’ and the schools’ levels are identified that can better explain the variability observed in the PIRLS 2016 reading literacy. About 26% and 32% of this variability can, respectively, be explained by a reduced set of variables characterizing the student and their family, and teachers and schools. At the student and family level, student confidence as readers and the educational resources available at home are the best predictors of students’ performance variation. At the school and teacher level, the school’s emphasis on academic success and teachers ‘perceptions of students’ willingness to succeed academically are the best predictors of the observed variation of the Portuguese students’ performance in PIRLS 2016.
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