Psicologia do Desenvolvimento
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing Psicologia do Desenvolvimento by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "03:Saúde de Qualidade"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Empathy and internalising problems in preadolescence: Exploring gender variationsPublication . Godinho, Shahna Oliveira; Fernandes, MaríliaEmpathy is a complex, multidimensional construct that plays a fundamental role in emotional and social development, comprising both cognitive and affective components. Cognitive empathy involves understanding another person’s emotional state, while affective empathy refers to the shared emotional experience in response to another’s feelings (Eisenberg et al., 2015; Shamay-Tsoory, 2011). Although typically associated with prosocial behaviour, elevated levels of affective empathy may also contribute to psychological vulnerability, particularly internalising problems such as anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints (Achenbach, 1966; Tone & Tully, 2014). Internalising problems are characterised by inward-focused emotional distress and self-directed symptoms, often difficult to detect through external observation. This study explored the associations between cognitive and affective empathy and internalising problems in a normative sample of pre-adolescents, with a focus on gender differences and informant perspectives. Using self-, teacher-, and parent-reported data, it examined how empathy dimensions relate to internalising difficulties and whether these relationships vary by gender or informant. Results showed that participants reported relatively high empathy, with girls scoring higher than boys, particularly in affective empathy. Affective empathy and self-reported internalising problems were significantly higher among children who reported being victims of bullying, and internalising problems were also higher among those receiving psychological support. Associations between empathy and internalising problems were only observed in self-reports, where affective empathy positively predicted internalising symptoms after controlling for gender. No significant effects were found in parent- or teacher-reports, and gender did not moderate the relationship. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of empathy’s role in developmental psychopathology and have implications for early identification and intervention strategies targeting emotional well-being in youth.
- Representações de vinculação dos pais e práticas de punição física perante comportamentos de desobediência de crianças em idade pré-escolar e escolar (3 aos 10 anos)Publication . Henriques, Catarina Isabel Marques; Guedes, MaryseA punição física é uma forma de violência contra as crianças, condenada em vários países. A investigação examinou os correlatos sociodemográficos da punição física. Continuam por clarificar as associações entre as representações de vinculação maternas e a punição física em amostras comunitárias, especialmente em Portugal. Esta dissertação procurou (1) descrever as atribuições, reações emocionais e práticas disciplinares maternas perante comportamentos de desobediência, em função do sexo e faixa etária da criança, e (2) investigar as associações entre representações de vinculação maternas e as atribuições, reações emocionais e práticas disciplinares maternas. Participaram 133 mães de crianças entre os 3 e os 10 anos que preencheram online a Escala de Experiências Próximas e as Vinhetas de Comportamento de Desobediência das Crianças. As mães de crianças em idade escolar relataram atribuições e reações emocionais mais negativas e práticas verbalmente (mas não fisicamente) mais punitivas do que as mães de crianças em idade pré-escolar. Contrariamente à literatura, a propensão das mães para recorrer a práticas fisicamente punitivas foi mais elevada para as raparigas do que para os rapazes em contexto privado. Os relatos de ansiedade, especialmente na relação com o pai, associaram-se a uma menor propensão para recorrer a práticas verbalmente mais punitivas. Os relatos de evitamento, especialmente na relação com a mãe, associaram-se a uma menor propensão para considerar os comportamentos como graves, descrever reações emocionais negativas e recorrer à retirada de privilégios. Estes resultados parecem reforçar a necessidade de estudos em amostras comunitárias e de intervenções desenvolvimentalmente e contextualmente sensíveis.
- The impact of positive childhood experiences: A systematic review focused on children and adolescentsPublication . Sousa, Marta; Machado, Ana Beatriz; Pinheiro, Marina; Pereira, Bárbara; Caridade, Sónia; Almeida, Telma Catarina; Cruz, Ana Rita; Cunha, OlgaChildhood and adolescence are crucial stages of life, characterized by significant changes that profoundly influence overall development. While positive childhood experiences (PCEs) can help mitigate the effects of adverse events during these formative years, they have not been as thoroughly researched. Then, this systematic review aims to address this gap by organizing the existing literature on PCEs and examining their impact on both positive and negative outcomes in children and adolescents. A search through databases such as B-On, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Scielo, as well as supplementary searches, identified 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that most studies were published in the last 4 years, primarily in the USA, and focused on community populations with mixed samples. In addition, the results reveal that among children and adolescents, higher levels of PCEs were associated with better mental health outcomes (e.g., reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-harm, substance use, and suicidal ideation), improved psychosocial outcomes (e.g., enhanced adult functioning and future orientation), better academic achievement (e.g., reduced absenteeism and fewer academic difficulties), and some improvements in physical health (e.g., reduced chronic pain). However, the relationship between PCEs and behavioral outcomes showed mixed results. Strengthening efforts to promote PCEs and resources that support child and adolescent resilience is crucial. Further research involving diverse samples is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the role of PCEs.