Browsing by Author "Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro de"
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- Existential psychotherapy the genetic-phenomenological approach: Beyond a dichotomy between relating and skillsPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThere is a lack of clarity about the technical interventions of existential psychotherapy. The approach has been described dichotomously as being more descriptive or more hermeneutic, as being anti-technique or relying on intervention exclusively experiential nature. This paper presents a genetic-phenomenological approach of existential psychotherapy and argues that it uses both postures and therapeutic techniques that are interconnected and influence each other in the therapeutic process. The existential therapist’s interventions are based in part on common factors but also on specific techniques. The paper presents a theoretical framework of existential psychotherapy and a definition of the postures and intervention techniques of the genetic-phenomenological approach of existential psychotherapy. The aim is to contribute to the clarification of what type of interventions the existential therapist may use during the therapeutic process.
- From Monet's paintings to Margaret's ducksPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThis paper deals with a number of aspects related to the application of phenomenology in the area of research. It focuses particularly on some aspects, present in some literature, that the author considers as non-consensual. A number of reasons are propounded to explain the phenomenological principles and application of these within the context of research. The strengthening of the available methodologies of phenomenological research is upheld, as a counterpoint to the fostering of an unlimited number of methodologies currently in fashion in qualitative research. The importance of reflecting on the concept of method is also referred to as well as that of clarifying the differences existent between philosophy, psychology and psychotherapy within the scope of the application of the phenomenological method.
- Husserl, psicologia fenomenológica e psicoterapia existencialPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThe present paper intended to present a proposal for division of phenomenological psychology in two separate areas but interconnected with each other, based respectively on a static and genetic phenomenology. The former is more appropriate for a research field of human psychology, based on the concept of intentionality is presented as an eidetic psychology that can be applied to different subjects of study of psychological research and have as a research field on major issues of psychology,as perception, memmory, language, imagination. Phenomenological Psychology II, based on a genetic phenomenology is applied on the psychotherapeutic space because its object of inquiry is a self that has a story based on sedimentations generated in part by passive syntheses that operate at a pre-reflexive level. The genetic analysis is a phenomenological investigation of inter-subjective facticity in a therapeutic context.
- O mundo do texto e a psicoterapia fenomenológico-existencialPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deA fenomenologia hermenêutica tal como proposta por Paul Ricoeur é objecto de análise, em particular, a sua raiz heideggeriana e a noção de mundo do texto. Dois problemas são colocados ao terapeuta; o afastamento do modelo dialogal e a recusa da hermenêutica de uma psicologia do sujeito. O paradigma textual é então exposto em analogia com a acção humana, englobando uma resposta à problemática entre explicação e compreensão. Os contributos do autor são colocados em discussão com uma psicologia de cariz cultural, defendida por Jerome Bruner, e, com o campo psicoterapêutico, nomeadamente, com as abordagens fenomenológico-existenciais. ***** ABSTRACT ***** Hermeneutical phenomenology as put forward by Paul Ricoeur is subject to analysis, mainly when it comes to its heideggerian roots and the notion of the world of text. The therapist is therefore confronted with two problems: moving away from the dialogue model and refusal of hermeneutics to accept a psychology of the subject. The textual paradigm is then compared with human action thus encompassing a response to the problem posed by explanation versus understanding. The author’s contributions are compared against Jerome Bruner’s cultural psychology and psychotherapy, namely against existential-phenomenological approaches.
- Process and outcome research in existential psychotherapyPublication . Alegria, Sofia; Carvalho, Inês; Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro de; Correia, Edgar Agrela; Fonseca, João; Pires, Branca Sá; Fernandes, SandraThis study aims to be a contribution to both process and outcome research regarding existential psychotherapy having used, respectively, Psychotherapy Process Q-Set and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measurements. Four dyads in a total of 48 sessions were analysed. Results reflect upon the primacy of the therapeutic relationship
- A short note underlying reflection on psychotherapy researchPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThe text is based on two articles dealing with psychotherapy research -- how existential therapists interact with research issues (Cooper, 2004; Mahrer and Boulet; 2004). Some of the topics introduced by the authors are reviewed and a number of reasons are then presented to show the importance of research on psychotherapy, independent of the theoretical framework of the therapist. Besides, these push factors were examined by leading researchers in the field of existential phenomenology and the question is still a moot point among major academics. It is argued that existential therapists may play an important and unlimited role in psychotherapy research.
- Significant events in existential psychotherapy: The client’s perspectivePublication . Oliveira, Ana; Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro de; Pires, António Augusto PazoThree ex-clients were interviewed about significant events occurring within existential therapy. Data was analysed through a descriptive phenomenological method (Giorgi, 2009). All participants identify a powerful therapist, an authentic alliance, a non-judgemental environment, validation of subjectivity and a cooperative approach. Two participants also identify therapist disclosure and reflection/experiential restructuring events.
- The practices of existential psychotherapists: Development and application of an observational gridPublication . Correia, Edgar Agrela; Sartóris, Vítor; Fernandes, Tiago; Cooper, Mick; Berdondini, Lucia; Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro de; Pires, Branca Sá; Fonseca, João daWithin the major therapeutic paradigms, observational instruments have been developed to assess orientation-specific interventions or processes. However, to date, no such instrument exists to assess existential practices. Recent research indicates the key practices of existential therapists, and forms an empirical basis on which to develop an observatory grid. This paper describes the development of such a grid, and its exploratory testing with eight clients of four Portuguese existential psychotherapists. A total of 32 sessions were observed and both speaking turn and whole-session analysis showed that it was feasible to assess existential therapy using the instrument, although psychometric findings recommend further refinement of the tool. Session-rating data suggest that the chief practices applied by existential therapists were relational, followed by the use of hermeneutic interventions and reformulations. Interventions based on phenomenological and existential assumptions were observable in practice but limited in frequency. Further refinements and developments of the observational grid, together with additional research – using a range of therapists from different schools of existential therapy – are recommended.
- The world of the text and existential-phenomenological psychotherapyPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deHermeneutical phenomenology as put forward by Paul Ricoeur is subject to analysis, mainly when it comes to its Heideggerian roots and the notion of the world of text. The therapist is therefore confronted with two problems: moving away from the dialogue model and refusal of hermeneutics to accept a psychology of the subject. The textual paradigm is then compared with human action thus encompassing a response to the problem posed by explanation versus understanding. The author's contributions are compared against Jerome Brunner's cultural psychology and psychotherapy, namely against existential-phenomenological approaches.
- Validation in qualitative research: General aspects and specificities of the descriptive phenomenological methodPublication . Sousa, Daniel Cunha Monteiro deThe criteria for the validation of qualitative research are still open to discussion. This article has two aims: first, to present a summary of concepts, emerging from the field of qualitative research that present answers regarding issues of validation, reliability, and generalization; and second, to propose six concepts that allow the monitoring of the validation of phenomenological research within the context of qualitative research in psychology—intentionality, psychological phenomenological reduction, eidetic psychological analysis, syntheses of identification, phenomenon versus individual, and invariant structures. It is argued that there are general criteria that qualitative methods must meet, and specific methodological criteria to monitor the quality control. A final definition is proposed, to delimit the validation, reliability, and generalization of the phenomenological research results.