PSAU - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- Adjustment and age through the eyes of portuguese and english community dwelling older adultsPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Leal, Isabel Pereira; Pimenta, FilipaTo analyze subjective age (SA) and the contributors to adjustment to aging (AtA) identified by older adults and to investigate the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in SA and AtA in an older population. Method: Measures were completed, using a variety of appropriate methods, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 108 older adults aged between 75-99 years (M = 81.1; SD = 6.43). Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Results: The most prevalent response of the interviewed participants for contributors to AtA was ‘sense of limit and existential issues’ (20.2%). ‘With congruence’ (29.3%) was identified as the most frequent SA response. AtA and SA for Portuguese elderly were explained by a three-factor model: ‘integrated’, ‘involved’ and ‘youngat- heart’. A three-dimension model formed by ‘attentive’, ‘driven’ and ‘connected’ was indicated as a best-fit solution for English elderly. Conclusions: AtA is related to SA in older adults in both samples. The results presented in this paper stressed the under-developed potential of an adjustment and age overall model for this population.
- Adult attachment style and cortisol responses in women in late pregnancyPublication . Martins, José Manuel Costa; Ramos, Mariana Moura; Cascais, Maria João; Silva, Carlos Fernandes da; Martins, Henriqueta Maria Ramalhinho Ginja da Costa; Pereira, Marco Daniel de Almeida; Coelho, Rui Manuel Bento de Almeida; Tavares, Jorge MergulhãoBackground: Recent research has documented the association between attachment and cortisol rhythms. During pregnancy, when attachment patterns are likely to be activated, elevated levels of cortisol are associated with negative effects for the mother and the foetus. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of adult attachment style and cortisol rhythms in pregnant women. Methods: Eighty women in the third trimester of pregnancy participated in the study. Adult attachment was assessed using the Adult Attachment Scale–Revised (AAS-R). Participants collected 4 samples of salivary cortisol at two different days; 3 samples were collected in the morning immediately after wakeup and one sample was collected by bedtime. Results:Results found group significant differences in the cortisol diurnal oscillation ( F (1,71) = 26.46, p < .001,), with secure women reporting a steep decrease in cort isol from awakening to bedtime, while women with fearful avoidant attachment reported no changes. No group differences were found regarding the cortisol awakening response. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of consi dering attachment patterns during pregnancy, suggesting fearful avoidant attachment style as a possible risk factor for emotional difficulties and dysregulation of the neuroendocrine rhythms.
- Aging with diabetes: Sense of coherence and satisfaction with life in european older adults with type 2 diabetesPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Leal, Isabel Pereira; Santos, Susana; Niculescu, GeorgetaABSTRACT -- Objectives: The population’s increased longevity is leading to a worldwide concern about older adults’ well-being and about the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The present research intends to: (a) determine significant differences among three groups of older adults with diverse diabetes diagnosis, namely, participants with only type 2 diabetes, participants with diabetes and other chronic diseases and the remaining without any chronic disease, regarding the satisfaction with life (SWL) and sense of coherence (SOC) scores, and (b) to assess the association of SWL with SOC in these groups. Method: We recruited 304 non-institutionalized older adults aged between 74-100 years (M=82.9; SD= 6.71), who were allocated to three groups, according to their diagnosed medical condition. Measures were completed, including demographics, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire. Results: Significant differences were found regarding the SWL and SOC among the three groups. The lowest SOC and SWL scores were found in the ‘only diabetes’ group. Findings also indicated the existence of an association between SOC and SWL scores in the with ‘only diabetes’ group. No correlations were found between SOC and SWL scores in the ‘without diabetes’ and ‘with diabetes and other’ groups. Conclusions: Findings suggest that chronic diseases such as diabetes, as well as the existence of comorbidities, differently influence both SWL and SOC. Furthermore, this study discloses the importance of SWL and SOC for the elderly, in particular when in the presence of diabetes, and their relevance in the context of healthy aging in older populations.
- Anxiety, depression, and peer relationships during adolescence: Results from the portuguese national health behaviour in school-aged children surveyPublication . Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Barrett, Paula; Dadds, Mark; Shortt, AlisonUsed data from the Portuguese HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children) survey, which was conducted by one of the authors who is the national representative of the European Study HBSC, a World Health Organisation collaborative study (Currie, Hurrelmann, Setterbulte, Smith, Todd, 2000; Matos, Simoes, Carvalhosa, Reis & Canha 2000), to examine correlates of depression and anxiety in a large, representative sample of adolescents. The study had four aims: (1) to examine the relationship between feelings of anxiety and depression; (2) to examine the association of positive peer relationships, and anxiety and depression in school-age adolescents; (3) to examine the relationship between health, peer relationships, depression and anxiety; and finally, (4) to assess age and gender differences with regard to the above issues. Measures were constructed of depression, anxiety, peer relationships, and health. Consistent with previous studies, anxiety and depression were found to be significantly correlated. A MANOVA revealed that females and adolescents in grades 8 and 10 were more likely to report high anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. High anxiety and depression in adolescence was associated with poor peer relationships and poorer health. Implications of these results and directions for further research are discussed.
- Anxious and avoidant attachment, vibrator use, anal sex, and impaired vaginal orgasmPublication . Costa, Rui Miguel; Brody, StuartIntroduction. Disturbances in intimate relationships are among the risk factors for female sexual dysfunction. Insecure styles of anxious attachment (preoccupations about abandonment) and avoidant attachment (avoidance of closeness in relationships) are robustly associated with sexual problems, relationship difficulties, and several indices of poorer physical and mental health. Similar indices of poorer sexual, relationship, and health functioning are associated with impairment of orgasm triggered by penile-vaginal stimulation (vaginal orgasm), but unrelated or related to greater frequency of other sexual behaviors. However, research examining the differential association of sexual activities with insecure attachment styles has been lacking. Aims. The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that insecure attachment styles are associated with lesser vaginal orgasm consistency, and are unrelated or directly related to greater frequency of other sexual behaviors. Method. Seventy coitally experienced women recruited at a Scottish university completed the Revised Experience in Close Relationships scale, and reported their frequency of various sexual behaviors (and corresponding orgasms) in a recent representative month. Main Outcome Measures. The main outcome measures for this study are multivariate correlations of various sexual activities with insecure attachment styles, age, and social desirability response bias. Results. Anxious attachment was associated with lesser vaginal orgasm consistency, but with higher frequency of vibrator and anal sex orgasms. Avoidant attachment was associated with higher frequency of vibrator orgasms. Neither anxious nor avoidant attachment was associated with lifetime number of penile-vaginal intercourse partners. Conclusions. The results provide evidence that inability to attain a vaginal orgasm is associated with anxious attachment, among other indices of poorer mental health and relatedness. Vaginal orgasm might be the relevant sexual activity for the maintenance of a secure attachment style with a sexual partner and/or more insecurely attached women might have difficulties in attaining vaginal orgasms and be more inclined to sexual activities characterized by more emotional and physical detachment, as part of a characterological discomfort with intimacy.
- Assessing personality disorders in adolescence : a validation study of the IPOP-APublication . Leal, I.; Silva, Sara Bailote; Ramos, Maria Meireles; Pedreira, Marta; Ramos, Vera Santos; Pires, PedroBackground: The need to develop clinical and empirically-based tools for assessing personality development in adolescence led to the proposal of the IPOP-A (Ammaniti, Fontana, Kernberg, Clarkin, & Clarkin, 2011), a semi-structured interview for adolescents that aims to differentiate personality organization processes from characteristics that may reflect a personality disorder. Objective and Method: This research aimed to evaluate the adaptation of the IPOP-A to the Portuguese population, attending to its diagnostic properties and its discriminant validity by comparing a clinical group with a nonclinical one. A total sample of 44 adolescents from 13 to 18 years old has taken part in this study, 22 of whom had a previous personality disorder diagnosis. The content of the interviews was transcribed and codified according to the coding manual. Results: Acceptable internal consistency values across the dimensions of the IPOP-A are found and statistically significant differences are revealed between the clinical group and nonclinical group, with the clinical group revealing values that suggest higher impairment in the dimensions of the personality functioning in comparison with the nonclinical one. Conclusion: Our study supports that the Portuguese version of the IPOP-A can be considered a valid instrument to identify adolescents with a personality disorder
- Assessing subjective age and adjustment to aging in a portuguese and german older population: A comparative multiple correspondence analysisPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Leal, I.; Pimenta, FilipaPurpose: This study aims at examining the contributors to adjustment to aging (AtA) and subjective age (SA) identified by older adults and to investigate the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in AtA and SA in an older Portuguese and German population. Method: Measures were completed, using a variety of appropriate methods, including demographics and interviews. Complete data were available for 102 older adults aged between 74-100 years (M=81.2; SD = 6.70). Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the associations and latent constructs were analyzed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Results: Findings showed a model for each nationality. SA and AtA for Portuguese elderly were explained by a three-factor overall model: “active”, “concentrated” and “attuned”. A three-dimension overall model formed by “harmonized”, “focused” and “young-at-heart” was indicated as a best-fit solution for German elderly. Conclusion: SAis differently related to AtA in older adults in both samples. The findings presented in this paper highlighted the under-developed potential of an adjustment and age overall model for this population.
- Associations between self-reported fitness and self-rated health, lifesatisfaction and health-related quality of life among adolescentsPublication . Marques, Adilson; Mota, Jorge; Gaspar, Tania; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deBackground/objective: In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the associations between physical fitness (PF) and psychosocial aspects of health. This study aimed to analyse the associations between self-reported PF and self-rated health (SRH), life-satisfaction (LS), and quality of life (QoL). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 3554 adolescents (1652 boys), aged 13e18, from the HBSC Portuguese survey. PF, health, LS and OoL were self-rated. Results: SRH, LS, and health-related OoL (HRQoL) were significantly and positively correlated with all PF components. From regression model, overall fitness was significantly related with SRH (boys: b ¼ 0.18, p < 0.001; girls: b ¼ 0.16, p < 0.001), LS (boys: b ¼ 0.36, p < 0.001; girls: b ¼ 0.43, p < 0.001), and HRQoL (boys: b ¼ 2.26, p < 0.001; girls: b ¼ 2.54, p < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness was also positively and significantly related with SRH (boys: b ¼ 0.17, p < 0.001; girls: b ¼ 0.11, p < 0.001), LS (boys: b ¼ 0.13, p < 0.05; girls: b ¼ 0.31, p < 0.001), and HRQoL (boys: b ¼ 1.74, p < 0.001; girls: b ¼ 1.57, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that perceived PF is associated with a better SRH, LS, and perceived HRQoL. A few implications regarding public policies were highlighted.
- Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Older Men and Women Across Europe: Similarities, Differences, and Associations with Their Sex LivesPublication . Træen, Bente; Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Hald, Gert Martin; Lange, Theis; Kvalem, Ingela LundinThe aim of the study was to explore attitudes towards sexuality and sexual behaviour in older adults in Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. A cross-sectional survey with representative samples of the population aged 60–75 years recruited through phone registers in Norway (676 men and 594 women), Denmark (530 men and 515 women), Belgium (318 men and 672 women), and Portugal (236 men and 273 women) was conducted. The data collection was carried out using an anonymous postal questionnaire. Four dimensions of attitudes towards sexuality were identified: ‘sex for love’, ‘sexual pressure in society’, ‘sex for well-being’, and ‘sexual changes and ageing’. Discriminant analyses identified three discriminant attitude functions: sex for well-being, sexual changes due to ageing, and sex for love. Portuguese men had positive attitudes towards sex as good for well-being in older adults but believed ageing was an obstacle to being sexual at this stage of life. Portuguese women believed sex was good for well-being and did not consider ageing an obstacle to sexual enjoyment. Norwegian men and Danish women believed changes in sexuality due to ageing were no obstacle to being sexual but did not believe that sex was good for well-being. The attitudes of Belgian and Danish men were largely inclined in the direction that sex is not particularly important for elderly people and that changes in sexuality occur due to the ageing process. Men and women were committed to the attitude of sex for love, although this was observed most in Belgian participants and least in Danish men. Positive attitudes towards sex for wellbeing and towards ageing and sexual changes correlated with less change in sexual interest and sexual enjoyment, and with increased frequency of intercourse and masturbation. To tailor successful sexual health interventions, attitudes of sexuality in older people should be addressed.
- Beyond the body image: A qualitative study on how adults experience lower limb amputationPublication . Senra, Hugo Renato Carreira Gomes; Oliveira, Rui Aragão Gomes; Leal, Isabel Pereira; Vieira, CristinaObjective: To explore adults’ experiences of lower limb amputation, focusing on the changes in self-identity related to the impairment. Design: A cross-sectional and qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed by two independent researchers. Setting: A rehabilitation medicine service from a general public hospital. Participants: A convenience sample of 42 patients with lower limb amputation performed after the age of 18 and followed up in the physical medicine and rehabilitation department of a general hospital. Main outcome measures: A semi-structured interview, addressing three core areas: the emotional impact of amputation; the adjustment process; and the relation with the external resources. Results: Eight themes emerged from interviews: reactions and feelings about becoming amputee; changes in own life; problems in well-being; relation with the prosthesis; self-perceptions; aims related to the rehabilitation and future plans; relation with the rehabilitation; and perceived social support. These results supported a theoretical model for the self-identity changes related to limb loss. Conclusions: The self-identity changes after a lower limb amputation appear beyond the patient’s body image and functioning, affecting the patient’s awareness of the impairment, biographical self and any future projections.