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- Adaptation of nussbaum's capabilities framework to community mental health: A consumer-based capabilities measurePublication . Sacchetto, Beatrice; Ornelas, José; Calheiros, Maria Manuela; Shinn, MarybethThe capabilities approach provides a rich evaluative framework to guide transformative change in the community mental health system. This study reports the content and construct validity and psychometric properties of a contextualized measure of the extent to which mental health programs foster achieved capabilities. The Achieved Capabilities Questionnaire for Community Mental Health (ACQ-CMH), adapted from Nussbaum's capabilities framework, was developed previously with consumer collaboration. Content validity was assessed through a collaborative process, involving a panel of eight consumers, staff members, and senior researchers. The resulting shorter version (ACQ-CMH-98) was completed by 332 community mental health consumers sampled throughout Portugal. Factor (PCA) analysis, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability over 2 weeks (N = 33) showed good psychometric properties. The resulting six-factor structure with 48 items explains 48.88% of the total variance (KMO = 0.89; Bartlett p = .00). Internal consistency of the obtained dimensions ranges from .91 to .76. Associations of the measure with recovery, quality of life, and psychological distress scales add further evidence of construct validity. The adaptation of Nussbaum's framework stressed specific components that may enhance understanding and change within the community mental health system.
- Community psychology and social change: A story from the field of mental health in PortugalPublication . Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Duarte, TeresaA contextual and ecological intervention approach for people experiencing mental illness was developed with a primary focus on the mobilization of natural resources, the expansion of social networks and supports, and to systematically promote opportunities for activity within the community. The mutual help movement provided a major contribution to enhance and strengthen the social role of those experiencing mental illness. This social change process was inspired by empowerment theory and the goal of recovery through social and community participation. Therefore we present a community-based intervention, based on the principles and values of Community Psychology, a program implemented during the last twenty years in the field of mental health that contributed to changes in the mental health system in Portugal. A community-based support system has been organized to provide social supports in terms of housing, education and employment by enhancing the use of natural contexts, such as schools and businesses, and the diverse social resources available to the general public.
- Contributi della psicologia di comunità per lo sviluppo dei servizi su base comunitaria per le persone con malattie mentaliPublication . Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Sacchetto, Beatrice; Esposito, FrancescaInexistente
- A cultura na investigação sociocultural: Um comentárioPublication . Ferreira, Lígia Eunice Almeida ÉvoraInexistente
- Defining psychological empowerment construct: analysis of three empowerment scalesPublication . Miguel, Marta Cristina Trindade; Ornelas, José; Maroco, JoãoThis study aimed to contribute to the validation of psychological empowerment, which is a combination of sense of control (intrapersonal component), critical awareness of the sociopolitical environment (interactional component), and community involvement (behavioral component). Three scales of empowerment used to evaluate the 3 components were translated into Portuguese, adapted for the Portuguese population, and applied in person, by phone and by e-mail. Participants were enrolled in or had completed a program of recognition of prior learning. We tested reflective and formative measurement models and the results suggested that a reflective model fits the data better than a formative one. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed psychological empowerment as a hierarchical third-order factor. Second-order factors correspond to the intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral empowerment components, reflected in first-order factors: leadership competence, policy control, source of power, nature of power, instruments of power, and participation behaviors.
- Distal supports, capabilities, and growth‐focused recovery: A comparison of Housing First and the staircase continuum of carePublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Hogan, Niamh; Vargas-Moniz, Maria; Ornelas, JoséAdults who have substantial histories of homelessness and complex support needs may feel ambivalent about integrating into their communities and find it difficult to do so. Being familiar to and recognized by others as a resident in a neighborhood or community are sources of “distal support” that provide individuals with feelings of belonging to their community and are important to recovery from homelessness. We hypothesized that individuals engaged with Housing First (HF) programs would report more distal support than individuals engaged with traditional homeless services (treatment as usual, TAU), and that distal support would predict more community integration, growth‐related recovery, and achieved capabilities. We analyzed data collected from homeless services users (n = 445) engaged with either HF or TAU in eight European countries. Measures included achieved capabilities, growth‐focused recovery, distal supports, and community integration. Serial mediation analyses confirmed our hypothesis that the effects of HF on growth‐related recovery and achieved capabilities are indirect, mediated by distal supports and community integration. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of modeling the effects of HF on social and psychological outcomes as indirect and identifying important mediators that translate the effects of HF components on social and psychological outcomes. We also note the importance of case management activities that encourage clients to develop and sustain distal supports with others who live and work in their neighborhoods.
- European public perceptions of homelessness: A knowledge, attitudes and practices surveyPublication . Petit, Junie; Loubiere, Sandrine; Tinland, Aurlie; João Vargas Moniz, Maria; Spinnewijn, Freek; Manning, Rachel; Santinello, Massimo; Wolf, Judith; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Källmen, Håkan; Ornelas, José; Auquier, PascalAddressing Citizen's perspectives on homelessness is crucial for the design of effective and durable policy responses, and available research in Europe is not yet substantive. We aim to explore citizens' opinions about homelessness and to explain the differences in attitudes within the general population of eight European countries: France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.
- Migration-related detention centers : The challenges of an ecological perspective with a focus on justicePublication . Esposito, Francesca; Ornelas, José; Arcidiacono, CaterinaBackground: In recent years, border control and migration-related detention have become increasingly widespread practices affecting the lives of undocumented migrants, their families, and communities at large. In spite of the concern within academia, few studies have directly witnessed the life and experiences of people confined to migration-related detention centers. In the medical and psychological fields, a considerable body of research has demonstrated the pathogenic nature of detention in terms of mental health, showing an association between length of detention and severity of distress. Nevertheless, it was limited to the assessment of individuals’ clinical consequences, mainly focusing on asylum seekers. There currently exists a need to adopt an ecological perspective from which to study detained migrants’ experiences as context-dependent, and influenced by power inequalities. This paper addresses this gap. Discussion: Drawing upon advances in community psychology, we illustrate an ecological framework for the study of migration-related detention contexts, and their effects on the lives of detained migrants and all people exposed to them. Making use of existing literature, Kelly’s four principles (interdependence, cycling of resources, adaptation, succession) are analyzed at multiple ecological levels (personal, interpersonal, organizational, communal), highlighting implications for future research in this field. A focus on justice, as a key-dimension of analysis, is also discussed. Wellbeing is acknowledged as a multilevel, dynamic, and value-dependent phenomenon. Summary: In presenting this alternative framework, the potential for studying migration-related detention through an ecological lens is highlighted, pointing the way for future fields of study. We argue that ecological multilevel analyses, conceptualized in terms of interdependent systems and with a focus on justice, can enhance the comprehension of the dynamics at play in migration-related detention centers, providing an effective tool to address the multi-level challenges of doing research within them. Furthermore, they can contribute to the development of policies and practices concerned with health, equality, and human rights of all people exposed to migration-related detention. Consistent with these assumptions, empirical studies adopting such a framework are strongly encouraged. These studies should use mixed and multi-method culturally situated designs, based on the development of collaborative and empowering relationships with participants. Ethnographic approaches are recommended.
- Portugal, país de inmigración. La reciente consolidación de los brasileñosPublication . Verdugo Matés, Rosa Maria; Ferreira, Lígia Eunice Almeida ÉvoraResumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el reciente fenómeno de la intensificación de la inmigración en Portugal. Comenzaremos este análisis con un rápido recorrido por la evolución de los flujos migratorios de entrada y salida en Portugal desde los años 60 hasta la actualidad. A continuación nos centraremos en la trayectoria de la comunidad brasileña, ya que en el año 2004 ésta ha pasado a ocupar el primer puesto dentro del conjunto de extranjeros que reside en el territorio portugués. Examinaremos la evolución de este grupo desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad, tratando de buscar los factores que explican su consolidación. Para finalizar aportaremos datos que nos permitan conocer las principales características de los brasileños que hoy en día viven en Portugal. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Summary: Portugal, a country of immigrants. The recent consolidation of the Brazilians. The article studies the recent intensification of immigration into Portugal. It begins with a summary of migratory currents into and out of Portugal from the fifties to the present. It then focuses on the development of the Brazilian community, which in 2004 has come to occupy first place among the immigrant groups in the country. It examines the evolution of this group since the eighties, in an attempt to discover the factors explaining its consolidation. Finally, data will be adduced which describe the principal characteristics of the Brazilian community in modern-day Portugal.
- Properties of the portuguese version of the empowerment scale with mental health organization usersPublication . Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Ornelas, JoséBackground: This study examines the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Empowerment Scale (ES) to be used in the community/psychosocial mental health field. Authors also reviewed the properties of the development and cross-cultural adaptation of the ES. Because mental health services are required to encourage empowerment and recovery-oriented interventions, adequate empowerment-oriented outcome measures are needed to evaluate services and study interventions across countries. Methods: The current research was part of a larger research project with 213 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to observe the ES’s construct-related validity, and a reliability analysis for internal consistency. The ES concurrent validity with the recovery and psychiatric symptoms measures was also assessed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The CFA supported the five-factor configuration for the refined model of measure as satisfactory. The Portuguese version of the ES presented an overall satisfactory reliability (α = .79) and was positively correlated with personal recovery (r = .71) and inversely with psychiatric symptoms (r = −.22). Conclusions: The overall scale was considered reliable and valid to be used by Portuguese researchers and practitioners to evaluate empowering interventions in mental health services. Furthermore, in the effort to increase ES construct-related validity, this article suggests further improvements to enhance the empowerment measure.