UIPS - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- Abortion counselling according to healthcare providers: A qualitative study in the Lisbon metropolitan area, PortugalPublication . Beja, Vanda; Leal, Isabel PereiraObjective To gain a deeper understanding of healthcare providers’ perceptions on the abortion counselling they provide and its usefulness. Method We conducted in-depth interviews with 16 healthcare providers working in the Lisbon metropolitan area. The interviews were then subjected to content analysis. Results We identified the following themes on abortion counselling description: receiving the woman and understanding her request; providing information; supporting decisionmaking; managing emotional and psychological issues; addressing contraception; managing third-party involvement; offering psychological counselling; informing about the State’s support and offering social counselling. All participants described counselling as useful but valued different aspects of it: information provision; addressing contraception to prevent future unplanned pregnancy/abortion; emotional support; decision-making support; addressing emotional issues beyond abortion; enticing women to seek healthcare in the future; preventing poor emotional post-abortion adjustment. Counselling was considered of no use to change the woman’s abortion decision. Conclusion The abortion counselling provided in Portugal is in tune with the latest literature on the subject, following a client-centred approach focused on the provision of information and emotional support. It can be improved, however, particularly in what concerns the staff’s communication and counselling skills. Further research is needed to improve the provision of abortion care in Portugal.
- Adaptação ao cancro da mama e cancro ginecológico no período pré- e pós-operatórioPublication . Alves, Cláudia; Pereira, Henrique MarquesObjetivo: Investigar a adaptação ao cancro da mama e cancro ginecológico no período pré e pós-operatório revela-se o principal objetivo deste estudo, de forma a que se possa conhecer o impacto emocional bem como os recursos sociais e a forma como as mulheres lidam com a sua situação clínica, para uma intervenção adequada em ambas as fases. Método: A amostra é constituída por 76 mulheres diagnosticadas com cancro da mama, cancro ginecológico e a realizar reconstrução oncoplástica e que estejam a ser seguidas em situação de internamento sendo reincidentes ou não. Os dados foram recolhidos junto destas numa fase pré-operatória e/ou pós-operatória. Resultados: Relativamente às diferenças entre o período pré e pós-operatório ao nível emocional, verificamos que apenas a diminuição da ansiedade do período pré para o pós-operatório é estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: Os níveis de ansiedade nestas mulheres tende a decrescer do período pré para o pós-operatório. Constatamos ainda que, a adaptação no geral aumenta ligeiramente enquanto a satisfação com o suporte social diminui.
- Adaptação transcultural Portugal - Brasil do Inventário de Burnout de Maslach para estudantesPublication . Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Maroco, JoãoOBJETIVO: Realizar a adaptação transcultural da versão em português do Inventário de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes e investigar sua confi abilidade, validade e invariância transcultural. MÉTODOS:A validação de face envolveu participação de equipe multidisciplinar. Foi realizada validação de conteúdo. A versão em português foi preenchida em 2009, pela internet, por 958 estudantes universitários brasileiros e 556 portugueses da zona urbana. Realizou-se análise fatorial confi rmatória utilizando-se como índices de ajustamento o 2/df, o comparative fi t index (CFI), goodness of fi t index (GFI) e o root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Para verifi cação da estabilidade da solução fatorial conforme a versão original em inglês, realizou-se validação cruzada em 2/3 da amostra total e replicada no 1/3 restante. A validade convergente foi estimada pela variância extraída média e confi abilidade composta. Avaliou-se a validade discriminante e a consistência interna foi estimada pelo coefi ciente alfa de Cronbach. A validade concorrente foi estimada por análise correlacional da versão em português e dos escores médios do Inventário de Burnout de Copenhague; a divergente foi comparada à Escala de Depressão de Beck. Foi avaliada a invariância do modelo entre a amostra brasileira e a portuguesa. RESULTADOS: O modelo trifatorial de Exaustão, Descrença e Eficácia apresentou ajustamento adequado (2/df = 8,498; CFI = 0,916; GFI = 0,902; RMSEA = 0,086). A estrutura fatorial foi estável (: 2 dif = 11,383, p = 0,50; Cov: 2 dif = 6,479, p = 0,372; Resíduos: 2 dif = 21,514, p = 0,121). Observou-se adequada validade convergente (VEM = 0,45;0,64, CC = 0,82;0,88), discriminante (2 = 0,06;0,33) e consistência interna ( = 0,83;0,88). A validade concorrente da versão em português com o Inventário de Copenhague foi adequada (r = 0,21;0,74). A avaliação da validade divergente do instrumento foi prejudicada pela aproximação do conceito teórico das dimensões Exaustão e Descrença da versão em português com a Escala de Beck. Não se observou invariância do instrumento entre as amostras brasileiras e portuguesas (:2 dif = 84,768, p < 0,001; Cov: 2 dif = 129,206, p < 0,001; Resíduos: 2 dif = 518,760, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: A versão em português do Inventário de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes apresentou adequada confi abilidade e validade, mas sua estrutura fatorial não foi invariante entre os países, apontando ausência de estabilidade transcultural.
- Adaptation of “the resilience scale” for the adult population of PortugalPublication . Deep, Cláudia Alexandra Ferreira de Carvalho Ng; Leal, Isabel PereiraThis paper describes the adaptation of “The Resilience Scale” for Portuguese adults. This instrument was submitted to back-translation (linguistic and conceptual equivalence), to psychometric validation (n = 365), to pretest and retest. It was obtained conceptual and linguistic equivalence/psychometric validation with alpha Cronbach 0.868 for the 23 items, suggesting internal consistency. Factorial analysis grouped the 23 variables in 4 factors: I – Perseverance; II-Sense of life; III-Serenity; IV Self- reliance and self-confidence, with satisfactory alpha Cronbach values for each factor. The sensitivity of items was verified by the coefficient of asymmetry and flatness. It was proved temporal stability of the scale. The scale shows good psychometric characteristics checking levels of resilience in this population.
- Adjustment to aging in late adulthood : A systematic reviewPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Leal, Isabel PereiraBackground: This systematic review aims at providing a trustworthy overview of the concept of adjustment to aging (AtA) in late adulthood. Methods: A computerized literature search was carried out, and PubMed/Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Scielo databases were searched for studies published from 1981 to 2012. Studies must have investigated AtA in old age. Results: Thirteen articles from 1291 records met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 1156 participants aged 60 years. There are rather consistent findings that older adults develop active and adaptive strategies during AtA, and that psychological variables, engagement with significant others, and social and temporal processes of comparison have a relevant role in AtA among older populations. Conclusion: The findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of AtA and its multidimensionality. These may be a starting point for further research in this insufficiently explored field.
- Adjustment to aging, subjective age and age representation: Assessing a nationally-diverse population of older adultsPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Leal, I.; Pimenta, Filipa; Niculescu, GeorgetaAim: This research sought to analyse older adults’ conceptualization of adjustment to aging (AtA), subjective age (SA) and age representation (AR), adding a cross-national comparative perspective to aging well. Method: Questionnaires were completed, assessing participants’ background information. Semi-structured interviews were performed, addressing three core areas: SA, AtA and AR. Complete information on 231 older adults aged between 74-102 years (M = 83.1; SD = 6.692) from four different nationalities, was available. Data was subjected to content analysis. Results: Seven categories were identified to contribute to AtA: ‘accomplishment, personal fulfilment and future projects’, ‘occupation, profession, autonomy and leisure’, ‘health status, physical and intellectual functioning’, ‘valorisation of time and age’, ‘family, social and interpersonal attachment’, ‘stability, quality and financial situation’, and ‘sense of limit and existential issues’. Five categories were identified for SA: ‘with congruence’, ‘without concern’, ‘with apprehension’, ‘young-at-heart’ and ‘good enough’. For AR, eight emergent categories were found: ‘future investment’, ‘reconciliation with life’, ‘present challenge’, ‘regret about the past’, ‘dynamic life’, ‘with contentment’, ‘as an opportunity’ and ‘with dissatisfaction’. Conclusion: This research contributes for a better understanding of what defines AtA, SA and AR in older adults. Moreover, interventions and communication approaches in clinical practice and program development in health care context should focus on shared perceptions of aging well.
- Alcohol and cigarette use and misuse among hurricane Katrina survivors: Psychosocial risk and protective factorsPublication . Flory, Kate; Hankin, Benjamin L.; Kloos, Bret; Cheely, Catherine; Turecki, GustavoThe present study examined survivors’ use and misuse of cigarettes and alcohol following Hurricane Katrina. We also examined several psychosocial factors that we expected would be associated with higher or lower rates of substance use following the Hurricane. Participants were 209 adult survivors of Hurricane Katrina interviewed in Columbia, SC or New Orleans, LA between October 31, 2005 and May 13, 2006. Results revealed that survivors were smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, and experiencing alcohol-related problems at a substantially higher rate than expected based on pre- Hurricane prevalence data. Results also suggested that certain psychosocial factors were associated with participants’ substance use and misuse following the Hurricane.
- Analyzing adjustment to aging and subjective age from angolan and portuguese community-dwelling older adults' perspectivesPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Leal, I.; Pimenta, FilipaBackground: The aging experience influences the ways an aging individual self-adjusts to challenges in late adulthood in various cultural settings. This study aims at examining the indicators of adjustment to aging (AtA) and subjective age (SA), and at investigating the latent constructs that can work as major determinants in AtA and SA in an older Portuguese and Angolan community-dwelling population. Methods: Questionnaires were completed, specifically assessing participants’ sociodemographic and health-related information. Semi-interviews with 102 older adults aged between 75 and 99 years (mean ¼ 80.5, standard deviation ¼ 5.76) were conducted, focusing on AtA and SA. Data were subjected to content analysis. The correlational structure and latent constructs of indicators of AtA and SA were analyzed by a multiple correspondence analysis. Results: Outcomes from content analysis designated seven categories for AtA, which are “accomplishment and future projects,” “occupation and leisure,” “health and well-being,” “valorization of time and age,” “social support,” “stability and safety,” and “existential meaning and sense of limit”; and five emergent categories for SA, which are “in harmony,” “fearless,” “with concern,” “youthful,” and “satisfactory.” Social support was the most reported indicator of AtA (25.4%) and in harmony (22.3%) was indicated as the most frequent SA response. Adjustment and age was explained by a three-factor overall modeldintegrated, congruent, and concerned for Angolan participants; fulfilled, reconciliated, and driven were indicated as a best-fit model for the Portuguese elderly population. Conclusion: The findings presented in this paper emphasize the deepening of the concept of AtA in this population and its association with SA in an overall model.
- Ansiedad competitiva y clima motivacional en jóvenes futbolistas de competición, en relación con las habilidades y el rendimiento percibido por sus entrenadoresPublication . Garcia-Mas, Alexandre; Palou, Pere; Smith, R. E.; Ponseti, Xavier; Almeida, Henrique Garcia Lopes de; Lameiras, João; Jiménez, Rafael; Leiva, AliciaThis study analysed the relationships between competitive anxiety (both cognitive and somatic) and perceived motivational climate (ego and mastery) in 54 young competitive soccer players (mean age: 9.45 years), related to their four coaches’ perceptions of the soccer players’ skills and performance. We administered the Spanish versions of the SAS-2 (Sport Anxiety Scale-2, Smith, Smoll, Cumming and Grossbard, 2006) and the MCSYS (Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports, Smith, Cumming and Smoll, 2008), along with two ad hoc scales to evaluate perceived skills and performance. The results show that 1) young players perceived and discriminated clearly between motivational climates (which were more or less equally distributed between ego and mastery orientations), 2) some performance-related anxiety (mostly cognitive rather than somatic) appeared and 3) no significant relationships were found between their coaches’ perceptions of their skills and their performance. Lastly, the results are discussed and compared with similar results from preadolescent players.
- Are coping strategies, social support, and hope associated with psychological distress among hurricane Katrina survivors?Publication . Glass, Kerrie; Flory, Kate; Hankin, Benjamin L.; Kloos, Bret; Turecki, GustavoThis study examined the relation of coping strategies, social support, and hope to psychological distress [symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and general distress] among Hurricane Katrina survivors. The research questions concerned whether different coping strategies (problem-focused or avoidant coping), perceptions of social support, and hope were associated with psychological distress within this sample, as well as whether level of hope moderated the relations between coping/social support and psychological distress. Results indicate that avoidant coping was positively related to PTSD symptoms and general psychological distress, hope was negatively associated with PTSD symptoms and general psychological distress, problem-focused coping was associated with many PTSD symptoms, and social support was associated with low general psychological distress. Hope moderated the relation between avoidant coping and general psychological distress. These results are important for extending research on various psychosocial factors as they relate to psychological distress among a sample of survivors of a major traumatic event.