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- Community psychology and social change: A story from the field of mental health in PortugalPublication . Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Duarte, TeresaA contextual and ecological intervention approach for people experiencing mental illness was developed with a primary focus on the mobilization of natural resources, the expansion of social networks and supports, and to systematically promote opportunities for activity within the community. The mutual help movement provided a major contribution to enhance and strengthen the social role of those experiencing mental illness. This social change process was inspired by empowerment theory and the goal of recovery through social and community participation. Therefore we present a community-based intervention, based on the principles and values of Community Psychology, a program implemented during the last twenty years in the field of mental health that contributed to changes in the mental health system in Portugal. A community-based support system has been organized to provide social supports in terms of housing, education and employment by enhancing the use of natural contexts, such as schools and businesses, and the diverse social resources available to the general public.
- Contributos da psicologia comunitária para a inovação em políticas públicasPublication . Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João VargasA Psicologia Comunitária integra na sua tradição a aspiração de ser fonte inspiradora de movimentos de mudança social; nesta esteira procura documentar-se como desde o final dos anos 80, esforços de implementação de iniciativas na comunidade, têm vindo a ser desenvolvidos em Portugal com base nos seus princípios e valores. As iniciativas abordadas foram organizadas pela sociedade civil. Através do seu percurso de desenvolvimento e dos seus contributos para a formulação de políticas públicas no contexto sociopolítico português, apresentam-se a AEIPS (Associação para o Estudo e Integração Psicossocial), criada em 1987 e a AMCV (Associação de Mulheres Contra a Violência), fundada em 1992. A primeira intervém na área da criação de um sistema comunitário de apoio à desinstitucionalização da população com doença mental e a segunda, igualmente na criação de um sistema comunitário de apoio, mas direccionado para mulheres e crianças sobreviventes de violência doméstica. As principais influências documentadas estão relacionadas, por um lado, com os contributos para a visibilidade dos fenómenos associados ao isolamento e vulnerabilidade dos grupos abrangidos e, por outro, na participação efectiva em eventos ou na produção de documentos e regulamentos de implementação de políticas públicas nas duas áreas em análise.
- Homeless adults’ recovery experiences in housing first and traditional services programs in seven european countriesPublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Manning, M; O' Shaughnessy, Branagh; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Loubiere, Sandrine; Spinnewijn, Freek; Lenzi, Michela; Wolf, Walter; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Källmen, Håkan; Ornelas, José; Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Almas, Inês; Duarte, Teresa; Disperati, Francesca; Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Vieno, Alessio; Marques, Rita P.; Carmona, Maria; Nave, Américo; Rivero, Borja; Julián, Martin; Zmaczynska–Witek, Barbara; Katarzyna, Skałacka; Rogowska, Aleksandra; Schel, Sandra; Peters, Yvonne; Van Loenen, Tessa; Raben, Liselotte; Beijer, Ulla; Blid, Mats; Bispo, Teresa; Cruz, Tiago; Pereira, Carla; Auquier, Pascal; Petit, Leon; Tinland, AurelieAcross Europe, as governments turn to housing-led strategies in attempts to reverse rising rates of homelessness, increasing numbers of Housing First (HF) programs are being implemented. As HF programs become more widespread, it is important to understand how service users experience them compared to the more prevalent traditional treatment-first approach to addressing long-term homelessness. Although there is a large body of research on service users' experiences of Housing First compared to treatment-first in North American contexts, comparatively less is known about how these two categories of homeless services are experienced in the European context. In a correlational and cross-sectional study, part of a larger examination of homelessness in Europe, participants (n = 520) engaged with either HF (n = 245) or traditional services (TS; n = 275) programs in seven countries completed measures of their experiences of services (consumer choice, housing quality, and service satisfaction) and recovery (time in independent housing, psychiatric symptoms, and community integration). Across the seven countries, participants engaged with HF programs reported experiencing more consumer choice, better perceived housing quality, and more satisfaction with services than participants engaged in TS programs. Participants in HF programs also reported a greater proportion of time in independent accommodation, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and more community integration. Varying patterns of association between experiences of services and recovery outcomes were observed. Findings indicate HF consistently predicts greater recovery than TS across diverse sociopolitical and economic contexts. Implications of findings for configurations of homeless services and homeless services policy are discussed.
- Parcerias comunitárias e intervenção preventivaPublication . Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João VargasEste trabalho resulta da participação nos Encontros a nível nacional promovidos pela Comissão Nacional de Protecção de Crianças e Jovens em Risco ou Perigo que tiveram lugar em Setembro de 2006 em Vila Realde Santo António, Guimarães e Santarém. A conceptualização e os critérios para um funcionamento eficaz das Parcerias Comunitárias constituem-se como o ponto de partida para uma perspectiva panorâmica acerca do tema. Procura-se neste trabalho estabelecer a ligação entre parcerias comunitárias e a ideia de capital social como elemento catalisador dos processos de desenvolvimento e mudança social. Por último, reflecte-se acerca da confluência entre as parcerias comunitárias e as intervenções preventivas assumindo como exemplo a prevenção do abuso e negligência face às crianças e/ou jovens.
- Sentimento psicológico de comunidade : estudo da escala SCI-2 num contexto associativoPublication . Cunha, Olga Oliveira; Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João VargasResumo: O Sentimento de Comunidade é um dos conceitos fundamentais da Psicologia Comunitária. Seymour Sarason, em 1974, define-o como a perceção de pertença, interdependência e compromisso mútuo que liga os indivíduos de uma comunidade. No modelo proposto por McMillan e Chavis (1986) identificam-se quatro dimensões: estatuto de membro, integração e satisfação de necessidades, influência e relações emocionais partilhadas. A investigação tem procurado desenvolver medidas adequadas para o sentimento psicológico de comunidade pelo que no presente artigo é objetivo dos autores apresentar uma tradução e adaptação cultural da SCI-2 desenvolvida por Chavis, Lee e Acosta (2008) para um contexto associativo centrada nos seus membros voluntários (n=811). Através da análise fatorial confirmatória, verificámos que a escala evidencia um constructo multidimensional constituído pelos quatro fatores do modelo referido tendo apenas sido eliminados 2 dos 24 itens da escala original sendo que se discute a sua pertinência face ao original. O modelo resultante permite analisar e discutir o sentimento de comunidade no contexto estudado.
- The role of community integration and empowerment for the transformative change in community mental healthPublication . Ornelas, José; Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Duarte, Teresa; Moniz, Maria João VargasThe present article first presents a critique about the current status of the community mental health (CMH) field. Second, based on theoretical and empirical literature, it presents a perspective inspired by the inception of community psychology, namely the empowerment and community integration principles to offer a challenging framework to inspire reforms in the CMH field. The article also discusses two promising CMH practices, supported employment and independent housing with support, determinant for the transformation of life conditions for people experiencing mental illness while promoting people’s empowerment and integration in the community. The authors argue that CMH programs and practices focused on integration together with self-representation movements, organisations, or networks aligned with the community psychology acting principles have the potential to inform a renovated partnership within CMH stakeholders and bring about sustainable change focused on the active citizenship for people who experience mental illness.
- Contributi della psicologia di comunità per lo sviluppo dei servizi su base comunitaria per le persone con malattie mentaliPublication . Ornelas, José; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Sacchetto, Beatrice; Esposito, FrancescaInexistente
- Europeans’ willingness to pay for ending homelessness: A contingent valuation studyPublication . Loubiere, Sandrine; Taylor, Owen; Tinland, Aurelie; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R; Bokszczanin, Anna; Källmen, Håkan; Bernad, Roberto; Wolf, Judith R.; Santinello, Massimo; Loundou, Anderson; Ornelas, José.; Auquier, PascalThe purpose of this study is to assess the utility value European citizens put on an innovative social program aimed at reducing homelessness. The Housing First (HF) model involves access to regular, scattered, independent and integrated housing in the community with the support of a multidisciplinary team. Currently, HF is not implemented by most European countries or funded by healthcare or social plans, but randomised controlled trials have stressed significant results for improved housing stability, recovery and healthcare services use. The broader implementation of HF across Europe would benefit from a better understanding of citizens' preferences and "willingness to pay" (WTP) for medico-social interventions like HF. We conducted a representative telephone survey between March and December 2017 in eight European countries (France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden). Respondent's WTP for HF (N = 5631) was assessed through a contingent valuation method with a bidding algorithm. 42.3% of respondents were willing to pay more taxes to reduce homelessness through the HF model, and significant differences were found between countries (p < 0.001); 30.4% of respondents who did not value the HF model were protest zeros (either contested the payment vehicle-taxes- or the survey instrument). Respondents were willing to pay €28.2 (±11) through annual taxation for the HF model. Respondents with higher educational attainment, who paid national taxes, reported positive attitudes about homelessness, or reported practices to reduce homelessness (donations, volunteering) were more likely to value the HF model, with some countries' differences also related to factors at the environmental level. These findings inform key stakeholders that European citizens are aware of the issue of homelessness in their countries and that scaling up the HF model across Europe is both feasible and likely to have public support.
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about homelessness and willingness-to-pay for housing-first across 8 European countries: a survey protocolPublication . Petit, J. M.; Loubiere, Sandrine; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Tinland, A.; Spinnewijn, Feek; Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Santinello, Massimo; Wolf, Judith R.; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Kallmen, H.; Ornelas, José; Auquier, PascalBackground: Most European countries report rising numbers of people experiencing homelessness. For those with mental disorders, interventions are centered on achieving mental health and drug rehabilitation alongside housing readiness, often to the detriment of access to housing. Notwithstanding, more European countries are investing in a newmodel, Housing First (HF), which postulates immediate access to permanent housing with no initial requirements for treatment. While results of the European HF programs are published on individual-level data, little is known about the opinions of the general population about homelessness and the societal value of the HF model, which can represent barriers to the model’s dissemination. Therefore, we present the protocol of a study designed for the following objectives: 1) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about homelessness within the general population of 8 European countries, 2) to assess the valuation of the HF model by European citizens, and 3) to estimate the lifetime prevalence of homelessness in the targeted countries. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted from March to December 2017 among adults selected from opt-in panels from France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Poland, and Sweden. A total sample of 5600 interviews was expected, with 700 per country. The interviews included three sections: first, the KAP about homelessness; second, the valuation of the HF model by measuring a respondent’s willingness-to-pay (WTP) through the contingent valuation method; and third, an assessment of the lifetime prevalence of homelessness among the general population. Descriptive analyses and comparisons between countries will be conducted. KAP indicators will be created and their psychometric properties assessed. Determinants of WTP will be assessed through regression models. Discussion: This survey will highlight Europeans’ views of homelessness, especially their level of tolerance towards homelessness, potential misconceptions and the most important barriers for the implementation of the HF model. Additionally, the results on the valuation of the HF model by citizens could be instrumental for key stakeholders in understanding the level of support from the general population. Ethics approval has been obtained from the Aix-Marseille University Ethics Committee (n° 2016-01-02-01) for this study, which is part of HOME_EU: Reversing Homelessness in Europe H2O20-SC6-REVINEQUAL-2016/GA726997.
- What transformation? A qualitative study of empowering settings and community mental health organizationsPublication . Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Aguiar, Rita; Sacchetto, Beatrice; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Ornelas, JoséThis article is based on empowering settings research and has a two-fold objective: to propose an adaptation of the empowering community settings framework to community mental health organizations practice to foster recovery and community integration; and to discuss how the adapted framework is a relevant tool to challenge community mental health transformation at multiple levels of analysis. The current study was anchored in a larger qualitative research project. It used a case study approach, with 8 in-depth interviews with diverse participants from one community mental health organization. The adapted model proved useful to guide transformational practice in community mental health programs and for evaluation of organizational empowerment and multilevel community-oriented interventions. Suggestions and implications for future research are also presented.