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- Evolução do Repositório do ISPA (2009-2015)Publication . Lopes, Carlos; Pipa, Joana; Nunes, Paulo Pinhão; Santos, Ana PatríciaApresenta-se um poster com informação relativa à evolução do Repositório do ISPA entre os anos 2009 e 2015.
- Effects of grade retention in lower secondary education on students' self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school careerPublication . Pipa, Joana; Daniel, J. R.; Peixoto, FranciscoGrade retention is one of the most discussed and controversial educational measures, and yet, it is still widely applied in many countries. Research investigating the effects of grade retention on students' psychosocial variables presents mixed findings, partly due to the variables assessed, methodological issues, and the length of the studies. This study aimed to analyse both the short to medium and longitudinal effects of grade retention in grades 7 or 8 on Portuguese students' academic self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school career. Data were collected continuously over a 3‐year span (once a year) and, again, 3 years after the third wave. After matching 477 students on several pretreatment variables using inverse probability treatment weighting with time‐varying treatments (i.e., retention), our analytical sample consisted of 85 promoted students, 33 students retained in grade 7, and 32 students retained in grade 8. Our results showed that retained students did not differ from their promoted peers in self‐esteem and goal orientations in the short, medium, or long term. The exception was for an increase in the academic self‐concept of retained students, but only in short term. Finally, considering students' school career, grade retention was not predictive of further retention.
- Analysing grade retention beliefs within teachers’ psycho-pedagogic beliefs systemPublication . Santos, Natalie Nóbrega; Pipa, Joana; Monteiro, VeraTeachers have a complex and multidimensional system of socially constructed beliefs that influence their professional practice. Based on self-reported beliefs of 449 Portuguese primary teachers we explored the connectivity between grade retention beliefs and other psycho-pedagogical beliefs using a structural equation model. We also studied the psychological centrality of grade retention beliefs using a latent profile analysis. The results indicated that teachers’ grade retention beliefs are maintained within their beliefs system with a high degree of connectivity and centrality, especially when shared by their community. These findings may have implications to the educational policies that aim to reduce retention rates
- Effectiveness of grade retention: A systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Goos, Mieke; Pipa, Joana; Peixoto, FranciscoResearch on the effectiveness of grade retention has a long history, yet, has seen an upsurge during the last decade. In this study, we review 84 recent, methodologically sound studies estimating effects of retention in grades K-12 on repeaters’ and nonrepeaters’ development, in a variety of countries across the world, disentangling grade and age comparison results. Based on vote counting analysis and three-level metaregression analysis we find grade retention to have an average zero effect, indicating that repeaters and non-repeaters seem to show a similar development, on average. At the same time, we find grade retention effects to differ according to some specific effect and study characteristics. More specifically, grade retention seems less effective in countries applying a mixture of grade retention and tracking to tackle student heterogeneity, and when repeaters are compared with non-repeaters of the same age. Conversely, grade retention seems more effective in countries using strategies such as ability grouping, setting, and streaming to deal with student heterogeneity. Positive effects also seem to arise when studying students’ psychosocial functioning, when investigating short-run effects, when comparing repeaters with their younger non-retained grade-mates, and when evaluating effects via a regression discontinuity method.
- Student–teacher closeness and conflict in students with and without special educational needsPublication . Rodrigues, Ana Sofia; Pipa, Joana; Aguiar, Cecília; Vaz da Silva, Francisco; Moreira, SérgioTeachers play a key role in creating effective conditions for students to succeed in school. The quality of student–teacher relationships is consistently associated with social, emotional, behavioural and academic adjustment, and this is even more relevant for students with special educational needs (SEN), considering these students’ emotional, social and learning vulnerabilities. This study aimed to examine the associations between students’ externalising and internalising behaviour, social skills and academic performance, and teachers’ perceptions of conflict and closeness in their relationships with students with and without SEN. Data regarding 360 students in Year 3, Year 5 and Year 7 (169 students with SEN) were collected. Teachers (n = 74) reported on the student–teacher relationship and students’ social skills, behaviour problems and academic performance. Special education teachers (n = 38) provided information regarding the diagnosis and profile of functioning of students with SEN. Results showed that teachers’ reports of students’ social skills and externalising problems were the strongest predictors of closeness and conflict. Internalising problems and SEN status also predicted decreased closeness, despite smaller effects. Taken together, findings support the importance of professional development opportunities focusing on facilitating teachers’ relationships with students with perceived challenging behaviour.
- Effects of grade retention in lower secondary education on students' self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school careerPublication . Pipa, Joana; Daniel, J. R.; Peixoto, FranciscoGrade retention is one of the most discussed and controversialeducational measures, and yet, it is still widely applied in manycountries. Research investigating the effects of grade retentionon students' psychosocial variables presents mixed findings,partly due to the variables assessed, methodological issues, andthe length of the studies. This study aimed to analyse both theshort to medium and longitudinal effects of grade retention ingrades 7 or 8 on Portuguese students' academic self‐concept,self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school career. Data werecollected continuously over a 3‐year span (once a year) and,again, 3 years after the third wave. After matching 477students on several pretreatment variables using inverseprobability treatment weighting with time‐varying treatments(i.e., retention), our analytical sample consisted of 85 promotedstudents, 33 students retained in grade 7, and 32 studentsretained in grade 8. Our results showed that retained studentsdid not differ from their promoted peers in self‐esteem andgoal orientations in the short, medium, or long term. Theexception was for an increase in the academic self‐concept ofretained students, but only in short term. Finally, consideringstudents' school career, grade retention was not predictive offurther retention.Psychol Schs. 2024;61:1897–1921.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pits|1897This is an open access article under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivsLicense, whichpermits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and nomodifications or adaptations are made.© 2024 The Authors.Psychology in the Schoolspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
- Effects of grade retention in lower secondary education on students' self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school careerPublication . Pipa, Joana; Daniel, J. R.; Peixoto, FranciscoGrade retention is one of the most discussed and controversial educational measures, and yet, it is still widely applied in many countries. Research investigating the effects of grade retention on students' psychosocial variables presents mixed findings, partly due to the variables assessed, methodological issues, and the length of the studies. This study aimed to analyse both the short to medium and longitudinal effects of grade retention in grades 7 or 8 on Portuguese students' academic self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school career. Data were collected continuously over a 3‐year span (once a year) and, again, 3 years after the third wave. After matching 477 students on several pretreatment variables using inverse probability treatment weighting with time‐varying treatments (i.e., retention), our analytical sample consisted of 85 promoted students, 33 students retained in grade 7, and 32 students retained in grade 8. Our results showed that retained students did not differ from their promoted peers in self‐esteem and goal orientations in the short, medium, or long term. The exception was for an increase in the academic self‐concept of retained students, but only in short term. Finally, considering students' school career, grade retention was not predictive of further retention.
- One step back or one step forward? Effects of grade retention and school retention composition on portuguese students’ psychosocial outcomes using PISA 2018 DataPublication . Pipa, Joana; Peixoto, FranciscoGrade retention is a common practice applied to academically struggling students within the Portuguese context. Studies investigating the psychological experiences of grade-retained students are still scarce. In addition, most studies tend to neglect the multilevel nature of the school context. This study examines the effects of grade retention in grades 1–9 on Portuguese students’ psychosocial outcomes by the age of 15, using PISA 2018 data. Using a quasi-experimental design through full matching, we reduced the bias between 1362 retained and 4189 promoted students in relevant background variables. Results from the multilevel models showed that retained students, by the age of 15, present lower task orientation and school belonging. In addition, we found that the high retention rates negatively relate to students’ reading self-concept, task orientation, and school valuing and that school retention rates moderate the relationship between students’ retention and the psychosocial variables considered. Overall, these findings suggest detrimental effects of grade retention and that grade retention also affects the promoted peers of retained students.
- Evolução do Repositório do ISPA (2009-2013)Publication . Lopes, Carlos; Pipa, Joana; Santos, Ana Patrícia; Nunes, Paulo PinhãoApresenta-se um poster com informação relativa à evolução do Repositório do ISPA entre os anos 2009 e 2013.
- Effects of grade retention in lower secondary education on students' self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school careerPublication . Pipa, Joana; Daniel, J. R.; Peixoto, FranciscoGrade retention is one of the most discussed and controversial educational measures, and yet, it is still widely applied in many countries. Research investigating the effects of grade retention on students' psychosocial variables presents mixed findings, partly due to the variables assessed, methodological issues, and the length of the studies. This study aimed to analyse both the short to medium and longitudinal effects of grade retention in grades 7 or 8 on Portuguese students' academic self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school career. Data were collected continuously over a 3‐year span (once a year) and, again, 3 years after the third wave. After matching 477 students on several pretreatment variables using inverse probability treatment weighting with time‐varying treatments (i.e., retention), our analytical sample consisted of 85 promoted students, 33 students retained in grade 7, and 32 students retained in grade 8. Our results showed that retained students did not differ from their promoted peers in self‐esteem and goal orientations in the short, medium, or long term. The exception was for an increase in the academic self‐concept of retained students, but only in short term. Finally, considering students' school career, grade retention was not predictive of further retention