UIE-E - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- Water landing as a foraging strategy to water collection in a social wasp: Polistes dominulusPublication . Prezoto, Fabio; Barbosa, Bruno Corrêa; Cappas, João Pedro; Santos, Manuel Eduardo dosEste estudo descreve o comportamento de coleta de água da vespa social europeia Polistes dominulus. As vespas campeiras pousavam diretamente na superfície da água e gastam 10-15 s coletando água. Ao fazer isso, as vespas podem evitar a predação por predadores no solo. No entanto, nem todos os indivíduos pousam diretamente na superfície da água, e sugerimos que esse comportamento especializado seja realizado apenas por forrageiras experientes.
- Cetaceans of the cape verde archipelagoPublication . Reiner, Francisco; Santos, Manuel Eduardo dos; Wenzel, Frederick W.; Whale, Alliedinexistente
- Working the day or the night shift? Foraging schedules of Cory’s shearwaters vary according to marine habitatPublication . Dias, Paulo Sousa; Granadeiro, J. P.; Catry, PauloThe diel vertical migration of zooplankton and many other organisms is likely to affect the foraging behaviour of marine predators. Among these, shallow divers, such as many seabirds, are particularly constrained by the surface availability of prey items. We analysed the atsea activity of a surface predator of epipelagic and mesopelagic prey, Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea, on its several wintering areas (spread throughout the temperate Atlantic Ocean and the Agulhas Current). Individual shearwaters were mainly diurnal when wintering in warmer and shallower waters of the Benguela, Agulhas and Brazilian Currents, and comparatively more nocturnal in colder and deeper waters of the Central South Atlantic and the Northwest Atlantic. Nocturnality also correlated positively with bathymetry and negatively with sea-surface temperature within a single wintering area. This is possibly related to the relative availability of epipelagic and mesopelagic prey in different oceanic sectors, and constitutes the first evidence of such flexibility in the daily routines of a top marine predator across broad spatial scales, with clear expression at population and individual levels
- On the edge of death: Rates of decline and lower thresholds of biochemical condition in food-deprived fish larvae and juvenilesPublication . Meyer, S.; Caldarone, E. M.; Chícharo, M. A.; Clemmesen, C.; Faria, A.M.; Faulk, C.; Folkvord, A.; Holt, G. J.; Høie, H.; Kanstinger, P.; Malzahn, A.; Moran, D.; Petereit, C.; Støttrup, J.G.; Peck, M.A.Gaining reliable estimates of how long fish early life stages can survive without feeding and how starvation rate and time until death are influenced by body size, temperature and species is critical to understanding processes controlling mortality in the sea. The present study is an across-species analysis of starvation-induced changes in biochemical condition in early life stages of ninemarine and freshwater fishes. Datawere compiled on changes in body size (dry weight, DW) and biochemical condition (standardized RNA–DNA ratio, sRD) throughout the course of starvation of yolk-sac and feeding larvae and juveniles in the laboratory. In all cases, themean biochemical condition of groups decreased exponentially with starvation time, regardless of initial condition and endogenous yolk reserves. A starvation rate for individuals was estimated from discrete 75th percentiles of sampled populations versus time (degree-days, Dd). The 10th percentile of sRD successfully approximated the lowest, life-stage-specific biochemical condition (the edge of death). Temperature could explain 59% of the variability in time to death whereas DW had no effect. Species and life-stage-specific differences in starvation parameters suggest selective adaptation to food deprivation. Previously published, interspecific functions predicting the relationship between growth rate and sRD in feeding fish larvae do not apply to individuals experiencing prolonged food deprivation. Starvation rate, edge of death, and time to death are viable proxies for the physiological processes under food deprivation of individual fish pre-recruits in the laboratory and provide useful metrics for research on the role of starvation in the sea.
- Chorusing Behaviour in the Lusitanian Toadfish: Should I Match My Neighbours' Calling Rate?Publication . Jordão, Joana; Fonseca, Paulo; Amorim, Maria Clara PChoruses have been described mostly in birds, anurans and insects but have been poorly studied in fish. Research in batrachoidid (toadfishes) species suggest vocal facilitation among neighbouring males, but whether chorusing fish present more complex interactions is unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that chorusing fish males compete actively to increase attractiveness to females. We first describe vocal interactions in natural choruses of Lusitanian toadfish males. Our analysis found positive correlations between the calling rates of neighbouring males in several occasions. However, we also found that males that showed an overall low vocal activity throughout the observation period exhibited peaks of increased calling activity when neighbours decreased their calling rate, suggesting an opportunistic maximisation of attractiveness. We further test with playback experiments how toadfish males adjust calling activity relative to their neighbours’. We observed that males silent at the time of the playbacks but who had an overall high vocal performance tended to start calling when exposed to playbacks in contrast to low-activity males. Playback experiments further showed that males initially calling at a high rate adjust their calling rate according to the neighbour’s vocal activity level, that is, they increased calling rate when exposed to a high calling rate and decreased it when confronted with a low calling rate. However, males calling at a low rate did not significantly alter their calling rate when presented with a low (similar) or higher calling rate, probably due to temporary physiological and/or ecological constraints. We argue that Lusitanian toadfish males tend to optimise calling effort in relation to their neighbours when they are actively advertising. Further studies are necessary to better understand vocal behaviour with increased chorus size.
- Cultural transmission, evolution, and revolution in vocal displays: Insights from bird and whale songPublication . Garland, Ellen; McGregor, PeterCulture, defined as shared behavior or information within a community acquired through some form of social learning from conspecifics, is now suggested to act as a second inheritance system. Cultural processes are important in a wide variety of vertebrate species. Birdsong provides a classic example of cultural processes: cultural transmission, where changes in a shared song are learned from surrounding conspecifics, and cultural evolution, where the patterns of songs change through time. This form of cultural transmission of information has features that are different in speed and form from genetic transmission. More recently, culture, vocal traditions, and an extreme form of song evolution have been documented in cetaceans. Humpback whale song "revolutions," where the single population-wide shared song type is rapidly replaced by a new, novel song type introduced from a neighboring population, represents an extraordinary example of ocean basin-wide cultural transmission rivaled in its geographic extent only by humans. In this review, we examine the cultural evolutions and revolutions present in some birdsong and whale song, respectively. By taking a comparative approach to these cultural processes, we review the existing evidence to understand the similarities and differences for their patterns of expression and the underlying drivers, including anthropogenic influences, which may shape them. Finally, we encourage future studies to explore the role of innovation vs. production errors in song evolution, the fitness information present in song, and how human-induced changes in population sizes, trajectories, and migratory connections facilitating cultural transmission may be driving song revolutions.
- Social familiarity modulates personality trait in a cichlid fishPublication . Galhardo, Leonor; Vitorino, A.; Oliveira, Rui FilipePersonality traits, such as exploration-avoidance, are expected to be adaptive in a given context (e.g. low-risk environment) but to be maladaptive in others (e.g. high-risk environment). Therefore, it is expected that personality traits are flexible and respond to environmental fluctuations, given that consistency across different contexts is maintained, so that the relative individual responses in relation to others remains the same (i.e. although the magnitude of the response varies the differences between high and low responders are kept). Here, we tested the response of male cichlid fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) to a novel object (NO) in three different social contexts: (i) social isolation, (ii) in the presence of an unfamiliar conspecific, and (iii) in the presence of a familiar conspecific. Males in the familiar treatment exhibited more exploratory behaviour and less neophobia than males in either the unfamiliar or the social isolation treatments. However, there were no overall correlations in individual behaviour across the three treatments, suggesting a lack of consistency in exploration-avoidance as measured by the NO test in this species. Moreover, there were no differences in cortisol responsiveness to an acute stressor between the three treatments. Together, these results illustrate how behavioural traits usually taken as measures of personality may exhibit significant flexibility and lack the expected consistency across different social contexts.
- A royal penguin eudyptes schlegeli in the Falkland Islands?Publication . Dehnhard, Nina; Ludynia, Katrin; Almeida, AnaThe Royal Penguin Eudyptes schlegeli breeds only on Australia’s Macquarie Island and its nearby islets, about 1 200 km southwest of New Zealand. Vagrant Royal Penguins have been reported elsewhere in Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. Reports of Royal Penguins from other subantarctic islands, including Heard, Prince Edward and Marion Islands, South Georgia and the Falkland Islands are controversial, as these penguins could also be aberrant Macaroni Penguins E. chrysolophus, and species determination can be difficult because of high variation in facial colour in both species. We discuss here the recent sighting of an apparent immature Royal Penguin on New Island, Falkland Islands. A simultaneously visiting adult male Macaroni Penguin allowed a size comparison between the two individuals. This could be the first documented sighting of a vagrant Royal Penguin in the Neotropical region.
- Social competence: an evolutionary approachPublication . Taborsky, Barbara; Oliveira, Rui Filipe'Social competence' refers to the ability of an individual to optimise its social behaviour depending on available social information. Although such ability will enhance social interactions and thus raise Darwinian fitness, its evolutionary and ecological significance has been largely ignored. Social competence is based on behavioural flexibility. We propose that the study of social competence requires an integrative approach that aims to understand how the brain translates social information into flexible behavioural responses, how flexibility might be constrained by the developmental history of an individual or by trade-offs with other (ecological) competences, and how social plasticity feeds back on fitness. Finally we propose a hypothesis of how social competence can become a driver of social evolution.
- Changes in the acoustic behavior of resident bottlenose dolphins near operating vesselsPublication . Luís, Ana Rita; Couchinho, Miguel N.; Santos, Manuel Eduardo dosPublished for the Society for Marine Mammalogy, Marine Mammal Science is a source of significant new findings on marine mammals resulting from original research on their form and function, evolution, systematics, physiology, biochemistry, behavior, population biology, life history, genetics, ecology and conservation. The journal features both original and review articles, notes, opinions and letters. It serves as a vital resource for anyone studying marine mammals.