CIE-ISPA - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- A organização do autoconceito: Análise da estrutura hierárquica em adolescentesPublication . Peixoto, Francisco José Brito; Almeida, Leandro S.Este estudo tem como objectivo principal a análise da estrutura hierárquica do autoconceito em adolescentes e, adicionalmente, a comparação dessa estrutura em alunos com e sem repetência no seu passado escolar. Participaram no estudo 943 alunos portugueses do 7º, 9º e 11º ano de escolaridade, que responderam a uma escala de autoconceito e de auto-estima. Os resultados obtidos sustentam a ideia de uma organização hierárquica do autoconceito e um modelo que subdivide o autoconceito em quatro factores de ordem superior. Os resultados sugerem, ainda, uma associação entre a dimensão comportamento e diferentes dimensões de ordem superior, nomeadamente as duas dimensões do autoconceito académico e o autoconceito social. Os resultados divergem quando tomamos alunos com maior e menor sucesso escolar, justificando maior atenção na investigação e na intervenção a este aspecto.
- Intrinsic Motivation Inventory : Psychometric properties in the context of first language and mathematics learningPublication . Monteiro, Vera; Mata, Maria de Lourdes Estorninho Neves; Peixoto, FranciscoIntrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) is a multidimensional measurement grounded on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) used in assessing the subjective experiences of participants when developing an activity. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of IMI among Portuguese students, testing four organizational models (unidimensional, multidimensional, hierarchical and bi-factor). A total of 3685 students from the 5th to the 12th grades (50.4% boys) participated in the study (M = 13.67, SD = 2.26). Two versions of IMI were used (First Language and Mathematics) with twenty-one items distributed over five subscales: Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, Pressure/ Tension, Perceived Choice and Value/Utility. The confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the multidimensionality of intrinsic motivation, and that the bi-factor model presented the best fit indexes. This model showed the existence of one general factor, resulting from the contribution of all individual dimensions and the particularities of most of them. Furthermore, results also highlighted satisfactory reliability scores both through Cronbach’s alpha scores and Composite reliability scores. These results indicate that this scale is appropriate to evaluate the underlying constructs of the theoretical model of SDT and allows for the calculation of a global measure of intrinsic motivation, as well as specific measures for their predictors.
- Speech processing and intelligent assessment in second language: struggling immigrant students and home language parallel instructionPublication . Figueiredo, Sandra; Martins, Margarida Alves; Silva, Carlos Fernandes daAbstract- Purpose: In this study, home language (L1), parallel instruction in L1, and grades were the factors examined to identify differentiated writing performance of young second language learners. Method: A total of 102 children, aged between 8-17 years old, (M=13; DP=2,7), learners of Portuguese as a Second Language (L2), belonging to 6 language groups were compared on a narrative essay composition to identify types of writing (in L2 context) and the effects involved. Home language, parallel instruction in L1 and grades were controlled to examine those effects. The written outputs were measured using the score in six components adapted from an English L2 writing assessment (Alberta Education). Results: Analyses of variance showed only significantly differences for home language variable (F(5,58) = 1,769; η2= .132). Covariance analyses revealed impact of parallel instruction for L2 performance improvement F(1,62) = 4,573; p <.05, η2= .069). The groups whose home language had common features as the language of testing revealed lower scores showing no advantage of language overlap as commonly argued. Conclusions: Specific groups of students have more difficulties during writing in L2 and the home language instruction should be prominently integrated as parallel teaching methodology into early literacy instruction of immigrant groups at school.
- Relationships between primary teachers’ beliefs and their practices in relation to writing instructionPublication . Gaitas, Sérgio Miguel Protásio; Martins, Margarida AlvesTeachers’ beliefs are directly connected to their practices and have an impact on students’ educational experiences and results. The aim of this study was to describe and examine the relationship between beliefs and practices linked to teaching students to write in the first four years of primary school. A total of 255 Portuguese primary school teachers participated in the study. A 52-item questionnaire was used to evaluate their beliefs, preferred activities and classroom organisation procedures in relation to writing instruction. Beliefs and classroom organisation procedures were subjected to factor analysis, whereas activities were considered individually. The analysis of teachers’ beliefs revealed two different factors: (1) code-based beliefs and (2) meaning-based beliefs. The analysis of teachers’ classroom organisation revealed three different factors: (1) pairs or small groups; (2) individual; and (3) whole classroom. Most of the participating teachers emphasised both explicit teaching and informal learning methods. There were significant associations between beliefs and activities and beliefs and classroom organisation procedures supported by code vs. meaning beliefs. However, the different associations revealed in the study showed that teachers combine multidimensional aspects in their writing instruction theory and practice.
- Escrita inventada e aquisição da leitura em crianças de idade pré-escolarPublication . Martins, Margarida Alves; Albuquerque, Ana; Salvador, Liliana Ferreira dos Santos; Silva, Ana CristinaVários investigadores mostraram que actividades de escrita inventada com crianças em idade pré-escolar contribuem para a aquisição da literacia, tendo um impacto positivo na evolução da sua escrita e consciência fonológica. O nosso objectivo foi avaliar o impacto de um programa de escrita inventada na aquisição da leitura. Participaram 60 crianças Portuguesas de 5 anos que não sabiam ler nem escrever. Foram aleatoriamente divididas em dois grupos, experimental e controlo, equivalentes quanto às letras conhecidas, consciência fonológica e inteligência. O grupo experimental participou num programa de escrita inventada e o grupo de controlo num programa de leitura de histórias. A leitura de palavras foi avaliada num pré-teste, pós-teste e pós-teste postergado. O grupo experimental teve resultados superiores nos dois pós-testes.
- Programas de intervenção de escritas inventadas : Comparação de uma abordagem transmissiva e construtivistaPublication . Silva, Ana Cristina; Almeida, Tiago Alexandre FernandesO objectivo deste estudo é comparar programas de intervenção de escritas inventadas de natureza construtivista ou transmissiva. Participaram nesta investigação 78 crianças de idade pré-escolar, cujas escritas não representavam ainda os sons, tendo sido distribuídas por cinco grupos, quatro experimentais e um de controlo, equivalentes quanto à idade, inteligência, número de letras conhecidas e consciência fonológica. Entre o pré e o pós teste, as crianças dos grupos experimentais participaram num programa de intervenção de escritas inventadas de natureza construtivista ou transmissiva, manipulando-se ainda variáveis relacionadas com as características das palavras de treino e o tipo de instruções. Só se verifi cou uma evolução significativa da qualidade das escritas inventadas nas crianças que participaram nos programas de intervenção de natureza construtivista.
- The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire : Validation for pre-adolescent studentsPublication . Peixoto, Francisco José Brito; Mata, Maria de Lourdes Estorninho Neves; Monteiro, Vera; Sanches, Ana Cristina Pires; Pekrun, ReinhardThe Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) is a self-report instrument developed to measure the emotions of students in academic situations. The main purpose of this research was to adapt and validate this questionnaire to assess preadolescents’ class- and test-related emotions towards mathematics. The participants were 1515 Portuguese students from grades 5 and 7 (age range 10 – 13 years). Confirmatory factor analyses and descriptive statistics confirm the reliability and internal validity of the AEQ for Pre-Adolescents (AEQ-PA), providing evidence that the AEQ-PA is an effective instrument to assess pre-adolescent achievement emotions towards mathematics classes and tests.
- Second language education context and home language effect : Language dissimilarities and variation in immigrant students’ outcomesPublication . Figueiredo, Sandra; Martins, Margarida Alves; Silva, Carlos Fernandes daHeritage language speakers struggle in European classrooms with insufficient material provided for second language (SL) learning and assessment. Considering the amount of instruments and pertinent studies in English SL, immigrant students are better prepared than their peers in Romance language settings. This study investigates how factors such as age and home language can be used in the teaching environment to predict and examine the development outcomes of SL students in verbal reasoning and vocabulary tasks. Hundred and six Portuguese participants, SL learners, between 8 and 17 years old, were assessed in vocabulary frequency, verbal analogies and morphological extraction tasks. In alphabetic languages (Romance languages), immigrant students (in a SL learning situation) with a strong linguistic distance (a home language with a very different orthographic foundation) are expected to struggle in language learning in spite of being aware of strategies that can improve their skills. The storage and combination of morphemes can be a demanding task for individual speakers at different levels. Cognitive mapping is strongly based on linguistic features of L1 development. Results show that home language, not age, was a significant predictor of variation in student’s outcomes. Speakers of alphasyllabary languages (Indo-Aryan languages as L1) were the poorest performers, the ‘linguistic distance’ of their languages explaining the performance’ results.
- Teachers' legitimacy: Effects of justice perception and social comparison processesPublication . Pereira, Maria Gouveia; Vala, Jorge; Correia, IsabelBackground. Teachers’ legitimacy is central to school functioning. Teachers’ justice, whether distributive or procedural, predicts teachers’ legitimacy. Aims. What is still do be found, and constitutes the goal of this paper, is whether unjust treatment by a teacher affects the legitimacy of the teacher differently when the student knows that the teacher was fair to a peer (comparative judgement) or when the student does not have that information (autonomous judgement). Samples. A total of 79 high school students participated in Study 1; 75 high school students participated in Study 2. Methods. Two experimental studies with a 2 justice valence (just, unjust) 9 2 social comparison processes (autonomous judgements, comparative judgements) betweenparticipants design were conducted. Study 1 addressed distributive justice and Study 2 addressed procedural justice. The dependent variable was teachers’ legitimacy. Results. In both studies, situations perceived as just led to higher teachers’ legitimacy than situations perceived as unjust. For the distributive injustice conditions, teachers’ legitimacy was equally lower for autonomous judgement and comparative judgement conditions. For procedural injustice, teachers’ legitimacy was lower when the peer was treated justly and the participant was treated unfairly, compared with the condition when the participants did not know how the teacher treated the peer. Conclusions. We conclude that teachers’ injustice affects teachers’ legitimacy, but it does it differently according to the social comparisons involved and the type of justice involved. Moreover, these results highlight that social comparisons are an important psychological process and, therefore, they should be taken into account in models of justice.
- Impulsivity mediates the relationship between future orientation and juvenile deviancyPublication . Pereira, Maria Gouveia; Gomes, Hugo Miguel dos Santos; Silva, Filipa Maria Roncon de Vilhena e; Mendonça, Rita DuarteBoth future orientation and impulsivity are intrinsic parts of an adolescent’s self-control, and empirical evidence clearly establishes them as crucial features on the origin of juvenile deviant behavior. However, we do not yet fully understand how these variables relate in explaining deviant conduct. In the present study, we tested a mediation model between these variables among 126 Portuguese adolescents. Findings support the mediation model in analysis, namely that impulsivity fully mediates the effect of future orientation on deviant behavior. In conclusion, our results suggest that lesser future orientated youth develop impulsive behavior which, in turn, explains their higher deviant conduct.