WJCR - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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- Os determinantes da satisfação sexual feminina: um estudo portuguêsPublication . Carvalheira, Ana; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira. .O estudo da satisfação sexual tem sido dificultado pela pobre conceptualização do conceito. Contudo, vários instrumentos de medida têm sido desenvolvidos. Consideramos que, nalguma medida, o conhecimento da sexualidade feminina tem sido feito a partir de extrapolações da sexualidade masculina. Apresentamos um estudo realizado através da Internet, sobre alguns aspectos da função sexual feminina. O principal objectivo é identificar e analisar os factores mais significativos determinantes da satisfação sexual feminina, na perspectiva das próprias mulheres. O estudo é conduzido através da Internet, dirigido a mulheres com idade superior aos 18 anos, a participação foi voluntária, e usámos o método de snow ball via e-mail para recolha dos dados. O trabalho que aqui apresentamos é relativo a uma análise preliminar dos primeiros resultados, numa amostra de 1148 mulheres portuguesas. O estudo encontra-se ainda a decorrer. Estes primeiros resultados revelam factores interpessoais como o principal determinante da satisfação sexual das mulheres. Em segundo lugar, aparecem factores relacionados com o funcionamento físico/sexual. Este trabalho pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos factores determinantes da satisfação sexual feminina, a partir da perspectiva das próprias mulheres, e não com base nos conhecimentos da sexualidade masculina.
- The impact of childbirth on female sexualityPublication . Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Lourenço, Sílvia; Oliveira, Raquel V.; Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Marôco, João PauloObjective: To compare variables related to sexual functioning, namely: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction and sexual function in women during the pregnancy and 3 months after delivery. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive, quantitative study. A non-probability, convenience sample of 62 women in the first stage, and of 52 women in the second stage, was used. The two groups were not significantly different regarding socio-demographic aspects. The main outcome measures used were the female sexual function as assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and a Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire. Results: The women presented higher mean levels of sexual satisfaction after birth, than during the pregnancy presenting statistically significant differences. Also they had lower mean levels of sexual desire, sexual arousal and vaginal lubrication after delivery. Regarding the orgasm, they presented higher mean levels in the postpartum period. The overall sexual function after childbirth did not present significant differences when comparing the pregnancy period to the postpartum, but presented higher mean levels during the pregnancy. Pain levels were higher during the pregnancy. Conclusion: We found no significant differences between the two groups, in most of the studied variables. However, Sexual Arousal and Sexual Satisfaction presented statistically significant differences.
- Adherence to phosphodiesterase type 5 Inhibitors in the treatment of frectile dysfunction in long-term users: How Do Men Use the Inhibitors?Publication . Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Forjaz, Vera; Pereira, Nuno MonteiroThe high effectiveness of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been demonstrated. However, previous research shows that PDE5-i treatments have high discontinuation rates.
- Smoking is unrelated to female sexual functionPublication . Costa, Rui Miguel; Peres, LuísBackground. Previous research shows that smoking status is unrelated to female sexual difficulties. However, degree of nicotine dependence has not been measured, and the assessment of sexual functioning has not specified penile–vaginal intercourse (henceforth, intercourse), which is more clearly impaired by sexual difficulties than other sexual behaviors. Objectives. To test if smoking status is associated with poorer female sexual function during intercourse, and if nicotine dependence rather than smoking status is related to poorer female sexual function. Methods. During 2012, 129 Portuguese community women reported their smoking status, and completed the Fagerstr¨om Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and an adaptation of the FSFI to assess sexual functioning specifically during intercourse, as well as the desire thereof. Results. Smokers reported higher desire for intercourse and were more likely to have actually engaged in it in the past 4 weeks. Among the coitally active women in the preceding 4 weeks, nicotine dependence correlated with lower desire for intercourse. Smoking status and nicotine dependence were unrelated to arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain. Conclusions. The findings are consistent with many studies that fail to demonstrate an increased risk of sexual difficulties among female smokers. However, nicotine dependence, rather than smoking status per se, might be associated with lower libido. The results suggest the possibility of an inverse U-shaped relationship between smoking and libido with a moderate use of tobacco being associated with higher sexual desire.
- Sexual function in women after delivery: Does episiotomy matter?Publication . Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Lourenço, Sílvia; Oliveira, Raquel; Carvalheira, Alexandra; Marôco, JoãoObjective: Despite the fact that a restrictive use of episiotomy has proven to be beneficial, it continues to be widely used in vaginal births. Our aim was to compare women with episiotomy, to women with an intact perineum, 3 months after delivery, regarding several sexual variables, namely: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction and sexual function. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study using a non-probabilistic, convenience sample of 147 Portuguese women, of which 54 belonged to a control group, was performed. The groups were not significantly different regarding sociodemographic aspects. Three instruments were used: the Female Sexual Function Index, a Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire. Results: Most women mentioned a moderate level of sexual interest. Women with episiotomy present higher pain intensity, less sexual satisfaction, greater changes regarding the orgasm’s duration and intensity, lower levels of sexual arousal and total sexual function, than women with intact perineum. Discussion: We found no significant differences between women with episiotomy and women with an intact perineum in most variables. However, women with episiotomy presented higher levels of pain and a lower sexual satisfaction, being these significant differences.
- Associations between attachment security and social competence in preschool childrenPublication . Veríssimo, Manuela; José dos Santos, António; Fernandes, Carla; Shin, Nana; Vaughn, BrianAttachment theorists suggest that attachment security with parents supports the quality of social adaptation in peer groups during early childhood, and numerous studies supporting this conjecture have been published. Most of these studies used enacted representations rather than mental representations of attachment security, and most studies examining mental representations used adult (parent or teacher) ratings of peer-group adaptation. Our study tested relations between preschool children’s (N = 147; age 48–69 months) mental representations of attachment by using the Attachment Story Completion Task and child-level indicators of social competence based on direct observations and sociometric interviews. General intelligence tests were administered to control for effects of developmental level on child narrative production. Analyses revealed positive, significant associations between attachment measures and all social competence composites. Children with more secure attachment representations were more socially engaged and more likely to exhibit social, emotional, and cognitive skills that contribute to peer acceptance. Results support the hypothesis that attachment security is a foundational support for peer social competence.
- Psychometric properties of the Psychopathy Checklist : Youth version among portuguese juvenile delinquentsPublication . Pechorro, Pedro Fernandes dos Santos; Barroso, Ricardo; Maroco, João; Vieira, Rui Xavier; Gonçalves, Rui AbrunhosaThe main aim of the present study was to examine some psychometric properties of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) among Portuguese juvenile delinquents. With forensic sample of 192 incarcerated male participants, the Portuguese version of the PCL:YV demonstrated promising psychometric properties of the three-factor model of youth psychopathy, internal consistency, convergent validity, concurrent validity, and retrospective validity that generally justify its use among Portuguese youths. Statistically significant associations were found with age of criminal onset, frequency of crimes, number of victims, and use of physical violence.
- Psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile offendersPublication . Pechorro, Pedro Fernandes dos Santos; Maroco, João; Ray, James V.; Gonçalves, Rui AbrunhosaThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11) among a forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders (N = 221). Principal Component Analysis with Promax rotation revealed the expected 6-factor structure, but Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the 6-factor first-order and the 3-factor second-order factorial structures did not present sufficiently good fits. Despite that, the Portuguese adaptation of the BIS-11 demonstrated generally acceptable psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency, mean inter-item correlation, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity that justifies its use among the youth forensic population. Statistically significant associations were found with age of crime onset, conduct disorder, crime seriousness, alcohol use and drug use.
- Validation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index in complete denture wearersPublication . Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Zucoloto, Miriane Lucindo; Geremias, R. F.; Nogueira, S. S.; Maroco, JoãoTo perform a validation of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) for complete denture wearers and present a proposal for estimation of perceived oral health. This is a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic sampling. A total of 211 subjects with a mean age of 62 5 (s.d. = 11 4) years participated, being 169 female. The GOHAI was applied in a personal interview. The construct/convergent/discriminant validity was tested using structural equation modelling. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the fit of three proposals of the GOHAI: three-factor, one-factor and second-order hierarchical models. The stability of the models was evaluated in independent samples. The threefactor model presented an inadequate fit, and items 3, 4 and 9 were removed. The new structure presented an acceptable fit and strong invariance in independent samples. The convergent, discriminant validity and internal consistency were below adequate. The one-factor model presented an adequate fit to the sample. Convergent validity was compromised. A strong invariance of the one-factor model was observed. To calculate the overall scores of the GOHAI factors (three-factor model) or of the oral health perception (one-factor model), a matrix of regression weights for each item in the model was presented as a suggestion. We found an adequate fit of the both structures of the GOHAI for denture wearers, but the three-factor structure was more parsimonious. We suggested considering the weights of the regression model to calculate the overall score of perceived oral health or of its factors in different samples.
- Fluency and attitudesPublication . Claypool, Heather M.; Mackie, Diane M.; Garcia-Marques, TeresaThe goal of this article is to review how, when, and why f luency, or processing ease, affects attitudes. The current article first defines f luency and then discusses its direct impact on attitudes, noting that f luency usually makes attitudes more positive and that it does so for a wide array of attitude objects. Mechanisms and moderators of these direct effects are also described. The article then summarizes how f luency can affect attitudes indirectly, through its impact on other judgments (like perceptions of confidence or truth) and on cognitive operations (like information processing). The article ends by highlighting a few areas where additional research is likely to reap impressive benefits.