Browsing by Author "Verissimo, Manuela"
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- Aceitação social e comportamentos de saúde : a vinculação como variável moderadoraPublication . Veppo, Flávia; Perpétuo, Catarina; Ribeiro, Olívia; Verissimo, Manuela
- Uma análise exploratória das relações entre as representações de vinculação do pai e o seu envolvimento em atividades práticas e lúdicasPublication . Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Maia, Rita; Fernandes, Carla; Fernandes, Marília; Antunes, Marta; Verissimo, ManuelaResumo: Este estudo teve como principal objetivo explorar as relações entre as representações de vinculação (script de base segura) do pai, e o seu envolvimento em atividades práticas (relacionadas com a gestão e cuidados à criança) e em atividades com características lúdicas (brincadeira/lazer). Participaram 62 famílias nucleares, com crianças entre os 2 e os 5 anos, de estatuto socioeconómico médio e de duplo-rendimento. De modo a analisar os scripts de base segura utilizou-se as Narrativas de Representação da Vinculação em Adultos, aplicadas individualmente ao pai, tendo a mãe e o pai preenchido, de modo independente, um questionário sobre o envolvimento parental. Os resultados indicam que os pais possuem e acedem ao script de base segura em contextos onde este é elicitado; que participam mais nas atividades lúdicas, do que nas práticas; e que pais com valores mais elevados de script adulto/criança se encontram mais envolvidos nas atividades práticas, mesmo quando a idade da criança e as habilitações do pai são controladas.
- Ansiedade de separação materna e adaptação psicossocial ao pré-escolarPublication . Verissimo, Manuela; Alves, Sara; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Oliveira, Carla S. V. Teixeira deDiversos estudos parecem indicar a ansiedade de separação materna como um importante factor que influencia a adaptação psicossocial da criança e consequentemente o seu desenvolvimento social. No presente estudo pretendemos analisar e compreender a relação entre a ansiedade de separação materna e a qualidade da adaptação psicossocial de crianças em idade pré-escolar. Os participantes foram 168 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 4 anos e as suas respectivas mães. A Escala de Ansiedade Materna foi administrada às mães, permitindo identificar os sentimentos e atitudes maternas face à separação. As educadoras de infância preencheram o questionário Adaptação Psicossocial da Criança com vista à obtenção de dados relativos à qualidade da adaptação psicossocial das crianças. Os resultados indicam que a ansiedade de separação materna influencia a qualidade da adaptação psicossocial da criança. Assim, as crianças cujas mães foram identificadas como possuindo uma elevada ansiedade de separação mobilizaram mais comportamentos reveladores de uma baixa competência social. Esperamos com este estudo ter podido contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre a ansiedade de separação materna e a adaptação psicossocial da criança, bem como alertar para a importância da implementação de estratégias preventivas cada vez mais precoces e eficazes. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Several studies seem to indicate maternal separation anxiety as an important factor that influences the child psychosocial adaptation and consequently child social development. The purpose of the present study is to understand and analyse the relationship between the maternal separation anxiety and the quality of preschooler's psychosocial adaptation. This study included 168 children with ages between 3 and 4 years old. The Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale was administered to their mothers, allowing to identify the maternal feelings and attitudes concerning separation. Teachers filled out the Preschoolers Psychosocial Adaptation questionnaire in order to obtain information related to children psychosocial adaptation. The results indicated that maternal separation anxiety influences the quality of child psychosocial adaptation. Mothers with high maternal separation anxiety have children that used behaviors that reveled a low social competence.
- Assessing and quantifying the secure base script from narratives produced by preschool age children: justification and validation testsPublication . Vaughn, Brian E.; Posada, German; Verissimo, Manuela; Lu, Ting; Nichols, Olivia I.Building on aframework presented by Bretherton and associates, Waters and associates argued that interaction sequences relevant to children's access to and use of asecure base for exploration during infancy/toddlerhood become internalized as script-like representations. For adults, these scripted representations are readily assessed using word-prompt lists d to elicit attachment relevant narratives. However, this method is not appropriate during early childhood. Waters and associates used stories from Bretherton's Attachment Story Completion Task for this purpose. However, the method they used to score secure base script use is not efficient for larger samples (e.g. over 50), and new approaches for scoring have been designed. We describe two approaches to story selection and scoring for access to and use of the secure base script. The two scoring methods show substantial and significant overlap and also have significant associations with other methods of measuring attachment security during early childhood.
- Associações entre as perceções de saúde e problemas de sono na pré-adolescênciaPublication . Perpétuo, Catarina; Fernandes, M.; Veppo, Flávia; Verissimo, Manuela
- Associations between secure base script knowledge in early childhood and perceived quality of attachment in middle childhoodPublication . Fernandes, C.; Fernandes, M.; Antunes, Marta; Santos, António J.; Vaughn, Brian; Verissimo, ManuelaAbstract: Previous studies suggest that mental representations of attachment can show moderate stability across childhood but none of these considered the child’s use of the Secure Base Script (SBS). This study tested the longitudinal stability of attachment representations from early to middle childhood, providing data that will allow us to determine whether the SBS score behaves like other attachment measures for early childhood in this regard. A sample of 70 Portuguese preschool children (36 girls) was assessed regarding their access to and use of the SBS when producing narratives relevant to attachment themes (e.g., separation, fear of ambiguous threat) at age 5 years using the Attachment Story Completion Task. Follow-up assessments were obtained at 8 and 9 years of age using the Kerns Security Scale. Security scores for both parents were obtained from the child in both years. All crosstime correlations were positive and significant. Subsequent tests on correlation magnitudes for mothers vs. fathers were not significant. Finally, correlations for mother/father security scores were significant at both age levels. Our findings indicate that children’s access to and use of the SBS in early childhood does predict their perceived quality of attachment with parents in middle childhood. Overall, our results indicate that access to and use of SBS in young children’s attachment-relevant narratives is a valid and potentially productive measure.
- Attachment to mother and father, sleep, and well-being in late middle childhoodPublication . Perpétuo, Catarina; El Sheikh, Mona; Diniz, Eva; Verissimo, ManuelaThe security of attachment has been related to several advantageous developmental outcomes, such as good sleep quality and higher well-being indicators. However, few studies concern the associations between attachment dimensions to both parents, sleep, and well-being in late middle childhood. Our study aims to expand knowledge in this area, clarifying the above-mentioned associations by considering the secure base and safe haven dimensions of attachment. We also investigate the role of sleep as a mediator of the relationship between attachment and well-being. The 258 participants (49.2% girls, mean age = 11.19, SD = 0.85) completed self-report questionnaires regarding attachment (KSS), sleep (SSR), and well-being (CHIP-CE). The results show significant associations between attachment to both parents (0.40 ** ≤ r ≤ 0.61 **) and between attachment security, sleep (−0.21 ** ≤ r ≤ −0.35 **) and child well-being (0.42 ** ≤ r ≤ 0.47 **). Besides, sleep quality partially mediated the relations between all attachment dimensions to both parents and wellbeing. The results are discussed in light of attachment theory, focusing on the comparison between attachment to mother and father as a valid framework to unravel differences in child well-being, with sleep as a process that can help to explain the mechanisms through which attachment security enables subjective perceptions of well-being.
- Auto-conceito e aceitação pelos pares no final do período pré-escolarPublication . Emídio, Rita Mendes; Santos, António José; Maia, Joana Branco; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Verissimo, ManuelaA importância do estudo do auto-conceito advém do forte impacto que este parece ter no comportamento do indivíduo, regulando as suas acções e modos de interacção com os outros. Na definição deste constructo há que considerar as avaliações que o sujeito faz acerca das suas próprias competências em domínios restritos, como o cognitivo, o social, ou o físico (Harter, 1999). O presente estudo analisa a relação entre a auto-percepção de competências e aceitação no grupo de pares, numa amostra de 40 crianças de idade pré-escolar. Para avaliar a percepção das competências foram utilizadas as Escalas Pictóricas de Percepção da Competência e Aceitação Social (Harter & Pike, 1984; Mata, Monteiro, & Peixoto, 2008), para analisar o grau de aceitação no grupo de pares realizaram-se entrevistas sociométricas. Os resultados indicam que as crianças com valores mais elevados na auto-percepção da aceitação entre os pares são, de facto, as que apresentam valores mais elevados de aceitação sociométrica no seu grupo de pares. Verificou-se igualmente que a auto-percepção da aceitação materna está relacionada com a percepção da competência cognitiva, com a percepção da aceitação pelos pares e, ainda, com a aceitação sociométrica pelos pares. Assim, o contexto relacional importa, enquanto guia do comportamento social da criança, e na emergência do conceito e sentido do self. A família, pares, representações e percepções de si próprio influenciam a relação entre pares em diferentes aspectos, em particular na sua aceitação.
- Caregivers’ perceived emotional and feeding responsiveness toward preschool children: Associations and paths of influencePublication . Fernandes, Carla; Santos, Ana F.; Fernandes, Marília; Santos, António J.; Bost, Kelly; Verissimo, ManuelaAlthough there is a large body of research connecting emotion to eating behaviors, little is known about the role of caregivers’ responses to children’s emotions in the context of child feeding. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between caregivers’ emotional responsiveness and feeding responsiveness. The mothers of 137 children between 2 and 6 years of age reported on their responses to children’s negative emotions using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale and on their feeding practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. The results showed that mothers’ supportive emotion responses (e.g., problem-focused, emotion-focused, and expressive encouragement reactions) tend to be positively associated with responsive feeding practices (e.g., encouraging, modelling, and teaching healthy food-related behaviors). Instead, mothers’ unsupportive responses (e.g., distress, punitive and minimization reactions) tend to be positively associated with nonresponsive feeding practices (e.g., food as reward or to regulate emotions, and pressure to eat) and negatively associated with responsive feeding practices. Our results suggest that emotional and feeding responsiveness may be intertwined and that differences in parent’s emotional responsiveness may translate into differences in their feeding styles, setting the stage for parents’ use of positive vs. negative feeding practices.
- Comparison Between Actigraphy Records and Parental Reports of Child's SleepPublication . Perpétuo, Catarina; Fernandes, Marília; Verissimo, ManuelaGiven the impact of sleep in several domains of a child's development, the comparison between actigraphy and parental questionnaires is of great importance in preschool-aged children, an understudied group. While parental reports tend to overestimate sleep duration, actigraphy boosts the frequency of night-waking's. Our primary goal was to compare actigraphy data and parental reports (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), regarding bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, and wake after sleep onset (WASO), using the Bland-Altman technique. Forty-six children, age 3-6 years, and their parents participated. Results suggest that, despite existing associations between sleep schedule variables measured by both methods (from r = 0.57 regarding bedtime at weekends to r = 0.86 regarding wake-up time during the week, ps), differences between them were significant and agreements were weak, with parents overestimating bedtimes and wake-up times in relation to actigraphy. Differences between actigraphy and CSHQ were ± 52 min for weekly bedtime, ± 38 min for weekly wake-up time, ±159 min for total sleep time, and ± 62 min for WASO, indicating unsatisfactory agreement between methods. Correlations between actigraphy data and CSHQ dimensions are also explored. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the characteristics of each instrument, along with their tendency to overestimate and underestimate certain sleep parameters. We conclude that a complementary use of both instruments would better inform clinical practice and research on a child's sleep.
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