Browsing by Author "Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira"
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- 12º Congresso Nacional de Psicologia da Saúde: Promover e Inovar em Psicologia da Saúde: ActasPublication . Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; von Humboldt, Sofia; Ramos, Catarina; Ferreira-Valente, M. Alexandra; Ribeiro, José Luis PaisPromover e inovar em psicologia da saúde é o tema proposto para o Nacional de Psicologia da Saúde, que se realiza em Lisboa, no ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, numa organização conjunta da Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia do Saúde e do William James Center for Research do ISPA – Instituto Universitário. Como habitualmente, o primeiro objectivo deste congresso que se realiza a cada dois anos, e juntar os investigadores e profissionais que desenvolvem a sua actividade neste extenso campo designado como de Saúde e que, cobrindo os tradicionais contextos de saúde – hospitais e centros de saúde – se espraiam depois em direcções muito diversas em que a saúde e considerada um valor de todos os dias: a educação, o mundo organizacional, as instituições de iniciativa privada, empresarial, social, de apoio e assistenciais. Claro que o juntar num mesmo espaço físico todos estes investiga - dores, académicos, professores, alunos e profissionais da psicologia permitindo interacções directas esta ao serviço daquilo que tem sido apanágio da Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia da Saúde nestes mais de 20 anos de actividade: a promoção e divulgação da Psicologia da Saúde e da investigação científica. Serve, sobretudo, como forma de partilha de conhecimento e de experiencias. Pretende-se, assumidamente, possibilitar a partilha do estado da arte daquilo que são as práticas, reflexões, contributos teóricos e dados de investigação em direcção ao desenvolvimento continuado e alicerçado do conhecimento científico adentro da Psicologia da Saúde. A Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia da Saúde junta-se na organização deste congresso o William James Center for Research do ISPA – Instituto Universitário, numa pratica já consagrada pelos muitos anos de realização de diferentes congressos e que consiste em rodar por diferentes universidades e unidades de investigação o palco desta iniciativa. Em 2018, o 12o Congresso Nacional de Psicologia da Saúde, contara com 461 comunicações, sendo 6 delas conferencias proferidas por conferencistas convidados e 455, submetidas e aceites pela Comissão Cientifica do congresso e apresentadas em simpósios e comunicações livres nos formatos orais e escritos. Das comunicações apresentadas, cujos resumos são apresentados num suplemento da revista Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, órgão oficial da SPPS, alguns dos autores submeteram os artigos respectivos a apreciação do Conselho Cientifico que procedeu a revisão de todos os trabalhos e escolheu 29 textos para serem apresentados no 1o numero de 2018 da revista Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças e 88 para serem publicados no livro de Actas do Congresso. Algumas das comunicações submetidas, e ainda um maior numero de artigos, não foram aceites para apresentação e publicação, por diversas razoes que vão desde a não observância das normas propostas, a fragilidade teórica e/ ou metodológica, ate a impossibilidade dos autores procederem as alterações propostas no curto tempo disponível para a preparação dos textos. O desafio que a SPPS coloca a si mesma em cada novo congresso e de conseguir num tempo recorde, disponibilizar o livro de atas do congresso no primeiro dia do mesmo, exigindo da parte da Comissão Cientifica, uma notável colaboração que aqui se reconhece e agradece. Promover a Psicologia da Saúde e inovar, num tempo em que a saúde não tem sido uma prioridade dos poderes estabelecidos, e um desafio que se coloca a todos e que esperamos que este 12o Congresso Nacional de Psicologia da Saúde possa ser um marco de encontros, caminhos e soluções.
- Adaptação das versões completa e breve da Escala de Relação Coparental (ERC) em uma amostra comunitária de pais e mães portuguesesPublication . Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Tasker, Fiona; Garcia, Inês Queiroz; Costa, Pedro AlexandreA Escala de Relação Coparental (ERC) é uma das medidas mais utilizadas para avaliar a relação de coparentalidade. Pretendeu-se avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões completa e breve da ERC numa amostra comunitária de 779 pais e mães portugueses, com idades entre os 23 e os 65 anos (M = 42.73; DP = 5.27). As análises fatoriais confirmatórias forneceram evidências de um bom ajustamento dos dados, fiabilidade interna e validade convergente, ainda que em ambas as versões tenha sido eliminada a dimensão Divisão de tarefas parentais. Quando à validade discriminante, duas das sete dimensões – Acordo nas práticas parentais e Suporte coparental – não evidenciaram validade discriminante. A validade concorrente também foi testada e confirmada através das correlações entre das dimensões da ERC e as dimensões da RDAS (ajustamento diádico) e do SDQ (ajustamento infantil).
- An international study of pro/antisocial behavior in young adultsPublication . Basto-Pereira, Miguel; Garcia, Inês Queiroz; Maciel, Laura; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Pereira, Maria GouveiaThis article presents an international study of pro/antisocial behavior in young adults (SOCIALDEVIANCE1820). This is an ongoing cross-continental longitudinal research project that includes data and researchers from multiple countries across five continents. It aims to explore the intercultural universality of the risk and protective factors associated with pro/antisocial behavior and psychosocial adjustment during early adulthood. Researchers from all countries involved have already translated their questionnaires, selected an appropriate team, and started the data collection process. It is expected that this intercontinental longitudinal research project will have a tremendous social and scientific impact; this study will allow researchers to overcome many limitations of previous meta-analyses, such as limiting the applicability of data to developed countries and the bias caused by combining different assessment methods. Challenges in implementing cross-national studies, and the importance of this type of study to global policies, are discussed.
- Bullying in old age: A qualitative study on older adults’ perceptions about being bulliedPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Gonçalves, José Alberto Ribeiro; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraSignificant demographic changes and a growing aging population increasingly emphasize the importance of assessing phenomena of violence against older adults, who constitute a vulnerable population. Therefore, bullying in old age is a poorly studied phenomena, but of growing importance. This study aims to analyze the perspectives of bullying in old age, using qualitative research at a cross-national level. We interviewed 173 older participants aged 65–91 years. Participants were Portuguese and English and lived in the community. Participants were subjected to semi-structured interviews. All the interviews went through a process of content analysis. Sample recruitment occurred through initial telephone contact, followed by a request to participate. Outcomes of content analysis produced seven themes, all of them associated with bullying experiences such as compromised learning capacity, loss of sense of agency and decision-making, asexuality, less attractive appearance, less social skills, gender discrimination, and less financial resources. Portuguese older adults felt mostly bullied for their loss of sense of agency and decision-making, less attractive appearance, less social skills, and less financial resources, while English participants mostly felt bullied for their compromised learning capacity, gender discrimination, and asexuality. The themes identified as being the most prominent in bullying are valuable guidelines for social policies and interventions toward bullying among older adults. Considering the scarcity of studies on bullying in older adults, this study is relevant for understanding the experience of older adults in relation to being bullied and for implementing psychosocial intervention programs including bullying situations that affect community-dwelling older adults.
- Child sexual offenders typologies: An exploratory profile model using multiple correspondence and cluster analysis of portuguese convicted offenders samplePublication . Baúto, R.V.; Cardoso, Jorge; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraChild Sexual Abuse (CSA) is not a recent phenomenon. However, it increased visibility in Portugal in 2002, when a news piece raised suspicions about numerous public figures. Since then, there has been an upward trend in complaints and has stabilized in recent years. Nevertheless, even though the research emerging, it presents gaps in the characteristics and modus operandi of the child sex offenders in the Portuguese context. This article presents an exploratory study, where 66 case reports of inmates in Portugal (Lisbon District) were convicted for CSA crimes recorded in the last ten years. We used the Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis as statistical procedures, focusing on the dynamics of the offense, context, number of victims, relationship, and characteristics of the offense. With this analysis, we identified four distinct profiles, which occurs with both techniques. In addition, we found differences regarding the use of aggressivity and/or treating during or after the offense, nature of abuse and introduced the crime admission as an active variable, with contributions to the model definition. According to these results and international literature, we defined our groups in four types: Regressed, Indiscriminate, Inadequate, and Violent. We discuss our results based on the international models and demonstrate affinities with them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
- Os determinantes da satisfação sexual feminina: um estudo portuguêsPublication . Carvalheira, Ana; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira. .O estudo da satisfação sexual tem sido dificultado pela pobre conceptualização do conceito. Contudo, vários instrumentos de medida têm sido desenvolvidos. Consideramos que, nalguma medida, o conhecimento da sexualidade feminina tem sido feito a partir de extrapolações da sexualidade masculina. Apresentamos um estudo realizado através da Internet, sobre alguns aspectos da função sexual feminina. O principal objectivo é identificar e analisar os factores mais significativos determinantes da satisfação sexual feminina, na perspectiva das próprias mulheres. O estudo é conduzido através da Internet, dirigido a mulheres com idade superior aos 18 anos, a participação foi voluntária, e usámos o método de snow ball via e-mail para recolha dos dados. O trabalho que aqui apresentamos é relativo a uma análise preliminar dos primeiros resultados, numa amostra de 1148 mulheres portuguesas. O estudo encontra-se ainda a decorrer. Estes primeiros resultados revelam factores interpessoais como o principal determinante da satisfação sexual das mulheres. Em segundo lugar, aparecem factores relacionados com o funcionamento físico/sexual. Este trabalho pode contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos factores determinantes da satisfação sexual feminina, a partir da perspectiva das próprias mulheres, e não com base nos conhecimentos da sexualidade masculina.
- Different placement practices for different families? Children’s adjustment in LGH adoptive families.Publication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Tasker, Fiona; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraThe purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of children placed with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adopters, and to examine children's problem behaviors and positive psychosocial adjustment across the three family types.
- FOODLIT-trial: protocol of a randomised controlled digital intervention to promote food literacy and sustainability Behaviours in Adults Using the Health Action Process Approach and the behaviour change techniques taxonomy during the COVID-19 pandemicPublication . Rosas, Raquel; Pimenta, Filipa; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Schwarzer, RalfDietary quality and sustainability are central matters to the international community, emphasised by the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. To promote healthier and more sustainable food-related practices, the protocol of a web-based intervention to enhance adults’ food literacy is presented. The FOODLIT-Trial is a two-arm, parallel, experimental, and single-blinded randomised controlled trial delivered over 11 weeks. Based on the Food Literacy Wheel framework and supported by the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy, weekly content with customised behaviour change techniques (experimental group) is hypothesised to be more effective to promote food behaviour change when compared to a single-time and non-customised delivery of food-related international guidelines, with no theoretically informed approaches (comparison group). Primary outcome is food literacy, including food-related knowledge, skills, and behaviours, assessed with the FOODLIT-Tool; a secondary outcome includes psychological mechanisms that efficaciously predict change in participants’ food literacy, measured with HAPA-driven items. Enlisted through online sources, participants will be assessed across five time points (baseline, post-intervention, and 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups, i.e., T0–T4). A randomisation check will be conducted, analyses will follow an intention-to-treat approach, and linear two-level models within- (T0–T4) and between-level (nested in participants) will be computed, together with a longitudinal mediation analysis. If effective, the FOODLIT-Trial will provide for a multidimensional and cost-effective intervention to enable healthier and more sustainable food practices over the long term.
- How couple’s relationship lasts over time? A model for marital satisfactionPublication . Abreu-Afonso, José; Ramos, Maria Meireles; Garcia, Inês; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraHigh rates of divorce seem related to low marital satisfaction levels; however, there is still a lack of a model that can help understand the couple's resilience and fragility throughout the life cycle. This research explores the role of communication patterns, their own and partner's motivation for conjugality, cohesion and flexibility within a couple, and several sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., stage of the family life cycle) that can explain marital satisfaction. A sample of 331 Portuguese in a marital relationship completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and marital satisfaction measures, communication and conflict management competencies, cohesion and flexibility, and motivation. Adequate statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Both measurement and structural model performed in the study presented a good fit, with five significant predictors of marital satisfaction (that accounted for 85% of the variability): intrinsic motivation (β = .64), communication (β = .31), families with young children (β = -.08), families with teenagers (β = -.07) and professional/academic status (β = .06). By identifying a model for marital satisfaction, this research provides clues regarding which aspects might need to be considered in couples' clinical work to promote healthier relationships.
- How do older adults experience pet companionship? A qualitative study of the affective relationship with pets and its effect on the mental health of older adults during the Covid-19 pandemicPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Silva, Sara; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraThis study aimed to explore the affective relationship of older adults with their pets during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to assess how this contributed to their mental health. This qualitative study included 351 participants aged 65–88 years from Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Spain. All interviews went through content analysis. Findings indicated five themes: (1) Enabling a meaningful affective relationship (86%); (2) Strengthening affective sharing with partner (68%); (3) Easing new affective relationships (61%); (4) Enhancing sensory stimuli and physical touch (55%); and; (5) Feeling physical pleasure (23%). Three main themes emerged from the content analysis regarding the second objective: (1) Fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms (73%); (2) Fewer feelings of loneliness (68%); and (3) Fewer mood swings (43%). The affective relationship between older adults and their pets was relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic since it solidified affective relationships with their partners and fostered the creation of new relationships. Additionally, it contributed to a deeper affective relationship with themselves, in terms of sensory stimuli, physical touch, and physical pleasure. Owning a pet improved mental health symptoms, namely those associated with depression, anxiety, and mood swings.
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