Psicologia da Saúde
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Percorrer Psicologia da Saúde por Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) "03:Saúde de Qualidade"
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- Attention, imagination and sexual functionPublication . Campos, Pedro Manuel Tomaz de Carvalho; Leal, Isabel PereiraSexual functioning is a complex phenomenon shaped by dynamic interactions between cognitive, attentional, emotional, and relational processes. Attentional mechanisms and erotic mental imagery play key roles in sustaining sexual engagement, but their combined and independent contributions remain insufficiently understood. This thesis aimed to examine: 1) how general inattention, intrusive worries during sexual activity (sexual worries), problematic smartphone use (a common cause of distraction), and the vividness of partner-focused imagery (an index of internally directed attention) independently shape sexual function, pleasure, distress; 2) whether an intervention to stimulate sexual fantasy enhances sexual desire, sexual pleasure, and partner-focused mental imagery vividness, and reduces sexual distress and sexual worries. A multi-phase, quantitative design was employed. Study 1, a cross-sectional survey with 559 heterosexual adults, explored associations between these attentional factors and sexual outcomes. Study 2, a longitudinal study with 134 women, assessed whether these predictors explained changes in sexual functioning, pleasure, and distress over one month. Study 3, a randomized controlled trial with 60 participants, evaluated the effects of a four-week sexual fantasy intervention against a positively valenced nonsexual imagery task. In Study 1, better sexual function was independently by more vivid partner-focused imagination in women and men, and by fewer sexual worries in women only; greater sexual distress was independently predicted by less vivid partner-focused imagination and more sexual worries in women and men, and by problematic smartphone use in women only; 3) greater sexual pleasure was independently predicted by fewer sexual worries in women and by less problematic smartphone use in men. In Study 2, better sexual function was longitudinally predicted by less problematic smartphone use; sexual distress was longitudinally predicted by less vivid partner-focused imagination; and sexual pleasure was longitudinally predicted by both less problematic smartphone use and more vivid partner-focused imagination. All these results in Studies 1 and 2 were obtained independently of age and dysphoric feelings (a composite measure of depression, anxiety, and stress). In Study 1 only, dysphoric feelings additionally predicted poorer sexual function in men and women, and greater sexual distress and lesser sexual pleasure in women. Although general inattention was correlated with poorer sexual function and greater sexual distress for men and women in Study 1, it was never a significant predictor in multiple regressions. Study 3, with its experimental design, showed that guided fantasy practice increased sexual desire and pleasure, reduced intrusive sexual worries, and improved partner focused imagery vividness over four weeks. These findings offer new insights for cognitive affective models of sexual response, highlighting attention and imagination as dynamic, modifiable processes central to sexual well-being. Practically, they highlight opportunities for integrating attentional training and guided imagination exercises into clinical and educational contexts, offering innovative, low-cost approaches to enhancing erotic connection, reducing sexual distress, and fostering sexual health.
- Barreiras à procura de tratamento para a incontinência urinária femininaPublication . Ramos, Maria Margarida Pinto; Pimenta, FilipaIntrodução: A investigação aponta que três em cada quatro mulheres não procuram tratamento para a incontinência urinária (IU), apesar do impacto que a IU tem na vida das mulheres. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Barreiras à Procura de Tratamento para a incontinência Urinária Feminina (BPT-UI) e explorar as relações entre perceção de Impacto da IU na Qualidade de Vida (v.i.), Conhecimento sobre IU (v.i.), uso de estratégias de coping (v.i.) e barreiras à procura de tratamento (v.d). Método: Estudo com 186 mulheres com IU que não procuraram tratamento, com idades compreendidas entre os 30 e 65 anos (M=49.12 DP=8.951), que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao International Consultation On Incontinence Questionnaire -Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-IU SF), ao King´s Health Questionnaire (KHQ-UI), ao Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Quizz–UI (PIKQ-UI), UISelf Management Coping Strategies Instrument (UI-SMCSI) e um Questionário sobre Barreiras à Procura de Tratamento (BPT-IU). Resultados: A Análise Fatorial Exploratória realizada (KMO=.805, Teste de Esfericidade de Barlett p<.001) demonstrou uma solução de 8 fatores (40 itens) que explicou 65% da variância total. O questionário demonstrou ter boa fiabilidade (73
- Influência dos padrões de comunicação, em casais, no stress eating em adultos com excesso de peso ou obesidadePublication . Gonçalves, Matilde de Pina; Pimenta, FilipaIntrodução: O excesso de peso e a obesidade apresentam, atualmente, uma ameaça crescente à saúde e ao bem-estar dos indivíduos. Estudos sugerem que os parceiros têm um papel importante, demonstrando como o comportamento de um pode influenciar o comportamento do outro na promoção e manutenção da perda de peso. Nesse sentido, a comunicação entre o casal emerge como um dos pilares fundamentais nos esforços para a mudança de comportamento de saúde. Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo é investigar se os padrões de comunicação (entre o casal) predizem o stress eating (do indivíduo), em adultos com excesso de peso ou obesidade. Método: Este é um estudo quantitativo que se dirige a adultos da população portuguesa. Os participantes devem encontrar-se num relacionamento de compromisso e apresentar excesso de peso (IMC ≥ 25kg/m2 ) ou obesidade (IMC ≥ 30kg/m2 ). A amostra é composta por 276 participantes, com idades entre os 18 e os 69 anos, e um IMC entre 25,47kg/m2 e os 50, 31kg/m2. Foram utilizadas três escalas que permitiram avaliar as variáveis dependentes e independentes: Escala de Alimentação e Estresse de Salzburg (SSES), a Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 (TFEQ-R21) e o Questionário de Padrões de comunicação-Versão Curta (QPC-VC). Resultados: O ajustamento do Modelo de Equações Estruturais apresentou ser adequado à amostra em estudo (RMSEA = 0,059; P(rmsea<0,05) = 0,108; CFI = 0,865; TLI = 0,855; SRMR = 0,063). Variáveis associadas aos padrões de comportamento alimentar, como descontrolo Alimentar (β = -0,231; p = 0,002); e Alimentação Emocional (β = 0,933; p = <0,001), e variáveis associadas a Eventos de Vida Positivos (β = -0,090; p = 0,031) demonstram predizer o Stress Eating. Contudo, os Padrões de Comunicação, em casais, não demonstram predizer o Stress Eating de indivíduos portugueses com excesso de peso ou obesidade. Discussão: Outras variáveis associadas ao Stress Eating (e.g., alimentação emocional) devem ser estudadas no futuro, uma vez que esta temática se apresenta como bastante atual. O mesmo deve continuar a acontecer com uma linha de investigação associada as variáveis do casal, no que diz respeito a mudanças de comportamentos de saúde dos indivíduos, orientando o estudo para variáveis mais abrangentes.
- PURI-PRO (Portuguese URinary Incontinence PROject) – Sympton Impact Ande Health Intervention For Midde-Aged Women With Urinary IncontinencePublication . Porto, Marta Monteiro da Silva Gonçalves; Pimenta, FilipaUrinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent yet frequently undertreated and underreported, imposing substantial biopsychosocial costs during midlife. Many women are socially active through defensive and hiding self-management coping strategies that provide short-term control but delay help-seeking. The PURI-PRO was designed as a sequential three-phase, mixed-methods investigation to understand the UI cognitive, emotional, and behavioural dimensions, and their interconnections through the lens of the Common-Sense Model (CSM); the role of beliefs and coping in UI psychosocial consequences; and to test an eHealth intervention. Participants were Portuguese women aged 40–65 years who were recruited online using snowball sampling and self reported occasional and frequent UI. Phase 1 employed a qualitative, quantitative and cross sectional design (Objective 1; n = 34) to explore illness representations, emotions, and coping, as well as their interconnectedness, through directed content and textual analysis. The Portuguese Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ) was validated (Objective 2; n = 1,511). Phase 2 consisted of cross-sectional studies (Objectives 3–8; n = 1,538–2,648) to validate the KHQ Symptom Severity Subscale (KHQ-SSS), develop the UI-Self-Management Coping Strategies Instrument (UI-SMCSI) and UI-Social Isolation Questionnaire (UI-SIQ), and test mediation (role of UI-SMC in the relationship between symptom severity and social isolation) and moderation (coping and beliefs buffering UI severity impact on sexual function/quality of life [QoL]). The impact of UI severity on workplace productivity was also explored. Structural Equation Modelling and measurement invariance were applied. Phase 3 was a 1:1 randomised controlled trial (Objectives 9–10; EG = 46, CG = 52) of an eight-week synchronous eHealth intervention grounded in the CSM, the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), and Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy (CBT), using BCTTv1 behaviour change techniques. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, mid intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up using Conditional Latent Growth Modelling, with mediation analyses testing the role of risk perception and intention in the relationship between symptom severity and primary outcomes at follow-up. Phase 1 (Objectives 1–2) identified two largely independent dimensions—cognitive illness representations and behavioural strategies—with peripherally-located emotions. An appraisal mechanism linked control and timeline beliefs to coping, suggesting an extension of the CSM. In Phase 2 (Objectives 3–8), coping buffered the effect of UI severity on sexual function, whereas beliefs did not. Severity, beliefs and coping strategies directly impacted QoL. Coping fully mediated the association between symptoms’ severity and social isolation. Workplace productivity was also negatively impacted by UI severity. Phase 3 (Objectives 9–10) showed that the intervention reduced symptom severity, threatening illness representations, and defensive/hiding coping; improved condition-specific QoL and social isolation; and strengthened volitional self-regulation. Planning and action control mediated the pathway from early motivation to outcomes. In conclusion, PURI-PRO reframes UI as a multi determined clinical and changeable condition in which beliefs set the context, appraisals channel beliefs into behaviour, coping functions as mediator and moderator of psychosocial outcomes, while volition counterbalances the adverse effects of risk perception and intention. Contributions include an extension of the CSM, the development of three brief condition-specific PROMs, and experimental evidence that combining physiotherapy with evidence-based Health Psychology models in multidisciplinary teams enhances UI care and condition-specific QoL.
- Understanding PTSD in Portuguese Youth: Predictors and Risk Factors in a Multi‐Clinic, Treatment‐Engaged SamplePublication . Inês Barroca; Inês Pinto; Paula Saraiva CarvalhoPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in childhood and adolescence is common. Studies have focused on a small group of predictors related to the traumatic event and still focus on the adult population.To explore the prevalence of PTSD and to identify factors that potentially increase the risk for the development of PTSD in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. Eligibility criteria included: experienced at least one traumatic event; age between 7 and 18 years; follow‐up period of at least 1 month. Data collection was achieved by using: clinical records to obtain the patients’ clinical data; the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale and the Checklist of Potentially Traumatic Events in Children and Adolescents. A total of 101 participants were included. The prevalence of PTSD was 35.6%. For pre‐traumatic factors, significant association was found for age, suggesting increased likelihood of PTSD for older participants. Regarding the type of event, PTSD was significantly associated with interpersonal events. Participants who were a single intervenient (involved person) had increased odds for PTSD. It was found that the association with PTSD, in a decreasing manner, occurred with dissociative symptoms, followed by symptoms of Group C (avoidance), Group B (intrusive thoughts), Group E (activation and reactivity) and Group D (cognitions and mood). Dissociative symptoms were significantly associated with PTSD. The study provides evidence that several factors can predict the development of PTSD in childhood and adolescence. Awareness about these factors, healthcare workers’ specific training, and prevention and intervention strategies are the foundation to promote child well‐being throughout life.