Browsing by Author "Reis, Marta"
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- Contracepção em jovens universitários portuguesesPublication . Reis, Marta; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deA sexualidade nos seus múltiplos aspectos é considerada uma área de grande importância no desenvolvimento do ser humano. O impacto causado pela infecção do vírus da imunodeficiência Humana/síndrome da imunodeficência adquirida (VIH/SIDA), juntando-se a outros riscos ligados à actividade sexual, como a gravidez não desejada, fez com que a sexualidade passasse a ser considerada como uma questão de urgência social e epidemiológica e como um factor que pode ter um forte impacto negativo 78 AP261B.QXD 28-05-2008 11:35 Page 78 ao nível da saúde, considerando-se, assim, os jovens, a nível mundial, como um grupo especialmente vulnerável em termos de saúde sexual. Esta investigação avaliou os comportamentos sexuais, nomeadamente a contracepção dos jovens universitários portugueses. Administraram- -se 436 questionários a 113 rapazes e 323 raparigas, entre os 18 e os 24 anos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a maioria é sexualmente activa, teve a sua primeira relação sexual aos 16 anos ou mais e utilizou como primeira contracepção o preservativo. Actualmente os métodos contraceptivos escolhidos habitualmente por estes jovens são o preservativo e a pílula com intenção de prevenir, quer uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, quer uma gravidez indesejada (70.2%). Os rapazes tiveram a primeira relação sexual mais cedo que as raparigas e não utilizaram qualquer método contraceptivo ou utilizaram o coito interrompido, o que sugere um elevado risco para contrair uma gravidez não desejada ou uma IST. Eles referiram mais parceiras ocasionais, maior frequência de actividade sexual sob o efeito de álcool ou drogas; ao passo que elas destacaram-se pelo carácter duradouro do relacionamento amoroso.
- Contracepção em jovens universitários portuguesesPublication . Reis, Marta; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deA sexualidade nos seus múltiplos aspectos é considerada uma área de grande importância no desenvolvimento do ser humano. O impacto causado pela infecção do vírus da imunodeficiência Humana/síndrome da imunodeficência adquirida (VIH/SIDA), juntando-se a outros riscos ligados à actividade sexual, como a gravidez não desejada, fez com que a sexualidade passasse a ser considerada como uma questão de urgência social e epidemiológica e como um factor que pode ter um forte impacto negativo ao nível da saúde, considerando-se, assim, os jovens, a nível mundial, como um grupo especialmente vulnerável em termos de saúde sexual. Esta investigação avaliou os comportamentos sexuais, nomeadamente a contracepção dos jovens universitários portugueses. Administraram-se 436 questionários a 113 rapazes e 323 raparigas, entre os 18 e os 24 anos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a maioria é sexualmente activa, teve a sua primeira relação sexual aos 16 anos ou mais e utilizou como primeira contracepção o preservativo. Actualmente os métodos contraceptivos escolhidos habitualmente por estes jovens são o preservativo e a pílula com intenção de prevenir, quer uma infecção sexualmente transmissível, quer uma gravidez indesejada (70.2%). Os rapazes tiveram a primeira relação sexual mais cedo que as raparigas e não utilizaram qualquer método contraceptivo ou utilizaram o coito interrompido, o que sugere um elevado risco para contrair uma gravidez não desejada ou uma IST. Eles referiram mais parceiras ocasionais, maior frequência de actividade sexual sob o efeito de álcool ou drogas; ao passo que elas destacaram-se pelo carácter duradouro do relacionamento amoroso.
- Contracepção: Conhecimentos e atitudes em jovens universitáriosPublication . Reis, Marta; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deO aumento da percentagem de gravidez na adolescência (Portugal regista 19/1000 na faixa etária dos 15 aos 19 anos), juntando-se a outros riscos ligados à actividade sexual, tornam os jovens um grupo vulnerável em termos de saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Esta investigação avaliou os conhecimentos e atitudes sobre os métodos contraceptivos em jovens estudantes universitários. Administraram-se 436 questioná - rios a 113 rapazes e 323 raparigas, entre os 18 e os 24 anos. Aplicaram-se medidas de conhecimento (CKI; Delcampo e Delcampo, 1976) e de atitudes (CAS; Kyes, 1987) acerca dos métodos contraceptivos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a maioria tem pouco conhecimento acerca dos métodos contraceptivos mas revelou uma forte atitude preventiva face a uma gravidez indesejada. Encontraram-se diferenças estatis - tica mente signficativas entre indivíduos de sexo diferentes: as raparigas apresent am mais conhecimentos e preocupação preventiva face à contracepção. ------ ABSTRACT ------The increase in unplanned pregnancies (the rate in Portugal is 19/1000 in 15-19 year-olds), is responsible for ranking young people as an important target group in terms of sexual health prevention. This study tested knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive methods in 18-24 year old college students. Structured selfreported questionnaires were responded by 436 participants (113 college men and 323 college women). Questionnaires assessed knowledge (CKI; Delcampo e Delcampo, 1976) and attitude (CAS; Kyes, 1987) towards contraceptive methods. The findings show the majority has insufficient contraceptive knowledge although they have a strong preventive attitude towards unwanted pregnancy. The results reveal significant variation in responses by gender: college women demonstra ted better knowledge and preventive attitude in relation to contraception.
- Does having a pet make a difference? Highlights from the HBSC Portuguese studyPublication . Reis, Marta; Ramiro, Lúcia; Camacho, Inês; Tomé, Gina; Brito, Cristiana; Matos, Margarida Gaspar dePets are part of many adolescent’s lives. Objectives: To identify in a large national representative sample of Portuguese adolescents (HSBC study), the percentage of adolescents that have pets, what kind of feelings pets provide, differences by gender and age (through school grades) and to verify whether adolescent health, well-being, life satisfaction and psychological symptoms are associated with having a pet. Methods: The 2014 study provided national data of 6026 Portuguese adolescents (52.3% of which were girls), whose mean age was 13.8 years, randomly selected from those attending 6th, 8th and 10th grades. Measures included asking the participant if he/she had pets, which pet was, and the relationship they had with the pet, ISS, perception of well-being, life satisfaction and psychological symptoms. Results: The large majority of Portuguese adolescents had a pet. Adolescents who referred having a pet reported more frequently having dogs and cats. As for positive feelings related to pets, results showed that pets give them feelings of happiness, companionship, nurturing, tranquility, security and responsibility always/ almost always, especially in girls and younger boys. The results also showed that having a dog was associated with a higher socio-economic status, better perception of well-being, more life satisfaction and less psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Since research shows that young people who have pets report higher rates of well-being/health perception, that information should be used to conduct more studies and change policies in ways that benefit adults and children.
- Dream teens: Adolescents-led participatory project in Portugal in the context of the economic recessionPublication . Frasquilho, Diana; Ozer, Emily J.; Ozer, Elizabeth M.; Branquinho, Cátia; Camacho, Inês; Reis, Marta; Tomé, Gina; Santos, Teresa Cristina; Gomes, Paulo; Cruz, Jaqueline; Ramiro, Lúcia; Gaspar, Tania; Simões, Celeste; Piatt, Amber Akemi; Holsen, Ingrid; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deThis article describes the implementation process of a nationwide project to enhance young people's participation and active citizenship in the context of Portugal's economic recession. This project used an innovative Positive Youth Development approach that engaged Portuguese youth (aged 11-18 years) through social media tools to facilitate their civic engagement and development. Participants from all over the country were empowered (1) to design and conduct research activities on topics of their choice and about their life contexts and (2) to create ways to improve youth civic participation in their communities, while developing supportive interactions with adults and peers. Overall, youth were engaged in their activities, felt their voices were heard, and felt that they were viewed as experts of their own well-being and living contexts. Youth research actions and preliminary findings were then compiled in a set of recommendations that was formally received by a high commissioner of the Ministry of Health. The article concludes with a discussion of the next steps for the project and its limitations so far.
- Educação sexual em Portugal e em vários países da América LatinaPublication . Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Reis, Marta; Ramiro, Lúcia; Borile, Mónica; Berner, Enrique; Vázquez, Sandra; Gonzalez, Electra; Messias, José; Eisenstein, Evelyn; Pons, José Enrique; Tuzzo, Rosario; Livia, Jose; Salazar, Giuliana; Vilar, Duarte; Equipa Aventura SocialO aumento das IST’s, da gravidez indesejada e de outros riscos ligados à actividade sexual, faz com que os jovens sejam considerados um grupo de intervenção prioritário em termos de saúde sexual e reprodutiva. A educação sexual tem como objectivo fundamental formar, desenvolver atitudes e competências nos jovens, permitindo que estes se sintam informados e seguros nas suas escolhas (GTES, 2005; 2007; 2007a). Estes dados apontam para uma educação sexual que incida em intervenções do tipo preventivo, de carácter universal, abrangendo toda a população escolar e respectivos contextos de vida: escola, família e grupo de pares; mas também em intervenções mais específicas e intensivas, nos subgrupos identificados como prioritários.Neste trabalho analisam-se as semelhanças e as diferenças entre o contexto de Portugal e o da América Latina, na sequência da licença sabática do primeiro autor. Mais detalhes deste percurso podem ser lidos em www.umaventurasocial.blogspot.com. Analisam-se, também, as suas consequências para as Políticas de Saúde e Educação para e com os adolescentes, nomeadamente na área da educação sexual. Palavras-chave: Comportamentos sexuais, educação sexual, jovens, políticas de saúde e de educação. ------ ABSTRACT ------ The increase in STI’s, unplanned pregnancy and other risks related to sexual activity is responsible for selecting young people as an important target group for intervention in terms of sexual and reproductive health. Sex education aims at developing and training attitudes and skills in young people so as to enable them to make wellinformed and healthy decisions (GTES, 2005; 2007; 2007a). This suggests that sexual education should focus on preventive interventions, both universal, including the subgroups related to school life such as school professionals, family and peers, and selective strategies delivered to the targeted subgroups.This work examines similarities and differences between Portugal and Latin America as a result of the first author’s sabbatical leave. It also gives insight on its consequences in terms of Health and Education Policies regarding adolescents mainly in the area of sexual and reproductive health. Further details of this period may be read in www.umaventurasocial.blogspot.com.
- Is truth in the eyes of the beholder? Or are portuguese schools, as viewed by portuguese pupils, mismatching with what the educational system offers?Publication . Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Camacho, Inês; Reis, Marta; Tomé, Gina; Branquinho, Cátia; Ramiro, LúciaPupils who like school have better academic performance and better perception of health and well-being. This study aims to (1) know the pupils’ views of their schools and their schools’ characteristics, assets and problems and (2) identify the variables that may predict enjoying school. A total of 6026 Portuguese pupils participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 2014. Pupils reported that programme contents are too long and too boring as well as negative parental overpressure regarding school success. They also pinpointed issues regarding their perception of teachers (lack of trust and low person-to-person interaction) and regarding school facilities. These issues have an impact on the perception of how much they like and how they feel about school. Results suggested an urgent need to review present public policies regarding Portuguese education and the need to focus on the length and structure of programme contents and to the dynamics and length of the classes and schoolworkload, as well as investing in school physical structures. Portugal has a ‘chronic’ low ranking regarding academic achievement according to several international studies; thus, some highlights on how to move forward are provided.
- Trends in portuguese adolescents’ sexual behavior from 2002 to 2014: HBSC Portuguese StudyPublication . Reis, Marta; Ramiro, Lúcia; Camacho, Inês; Tomé, Gina; Matos, MGThis study examined trends in adolescent sexual behaviors from 2002 to 2014 in Portugal. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 8th and 10th graders in classrooms during 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. Overall, the prevalence of sexual intercourse, age of sexual initiation, pill use, and sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs decreased in Portugal between 2002 and 2014, while condom use increased. Boys and 10th graders more frequently reported having ever had sexual intercourse, boys and 8th graders more frequently reported having had sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs, girls and 10th graders more frequently reported having had their first sexual intercourse at 14 years or older (except in 2014, where boys and girls reported more frequently having initiated at 12–13 years), and girls and 10th graders reported more frequently having used condoms and the pill (except in 2014) at the last sexual intercourse. Eighth graders more frequently reported having had their first sexual experience at 12–13 years (except in 2006).
- Worries, coping strategies and well-being in adolescence: Highlights from HBSC study in PortugalPublication . Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Camacho, Inês; Reis, Marta; Costa, Diogo; Galvão, DianaThe aim of this study was to understand adolescents’ worries and the strategies used to face them, and what makes them feel good. In this study, 3869 adolescents participated, of which 46.8% boys, attending grades 8 and 10, mean age 14.7 years, SD = 1.18, included in the Portuguese Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey 2014. In the first quantitative study, simple descriptive analyses and chi-squares were carried out and a regression model associated the intensity and frequency of worries with a decrease in perceived well-being; in a second qualitative study, content analysis was carried out regarding open questions about types of worries and ways to cope with worries and to increase well-being. It was clear that the majority of adolescents got worried frequently, part of them let worries interfere significantly with their lives, and that the best coping strategies are either trying to fix the problem or distraction. Family, peers (social support) and leisure time (distraction) are important factors in ensuring young people’s well-being. School seems to be ‘part of the problem’ but never ‘part of the solution’. Compared with previous studies, the economic crisis appears to be associated with the increased relevance of a new worry – economic and financial issues were not previously relevant. Gender and developmental/age differences were found. Although intensity and frequency of worries were significantly associated with lower perception of well-being, frequency had a higher association. The implications for health promotion interventions in families and in schools are discussed together with implications for public policies in the area of mental health.