Browsing by Author "Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez"
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- Adaptação dos inventários de sexismo moderno para Portugal : O Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente e o Inventário de Ambivalência em Relação aos HomensPublication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Pereira, Henrique Marques; Leal, Isabel PereiraA relação entre homens e mulheres é única e composta por desigualdade e preconceito dirigido aos membros do sexo oposto. Enquanto a forma hostil de sexismo foi já muito estudada, o sexismo moderno é caracterizado pela simultaneidade de formas hostis e benevolentes de preconceito, e por isso conceitualizado como Sexismo Ambivalente. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar o Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI) e o Inventário de Ambivalência em relação aos Homens (AMI) para a população Portuguesa, e avaliar as suas propriedades psicométricas. Ambos os inventários foram administrados a 258 estudantes universitários (31% homens e 69% mulheres), com uma média de idade de 27 anos. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias revelaram evidência da multidimensionalidade de ambos os inventários, validade fatorial, convergente e discriminante, e fiabilidade interna. Os homens revelaram níveis mais elevados de hostilidade e de benevolência dirigido às mulheres, as mulheres revelaram maiores níveis de hostilidade dirigida aos homens. A hostilidade em relação aos homens aumentou com a idade, enquanto a benevolência diminuiu. O preconceito hostil e benevolente foi maior em pessoas com menos anos de escolaridade. Religiosidade correlacionou significativamente com os índices de sexismo benevolente. Foi assim demonstrada a validade e confiabilidade da adaptação dos Inventários de Sexismo Moderno em Portugal.
- Burnout syndrome and alcohol consumption in prison employeesPublication . Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Schneider, Valéria; Bonafé, Fernanda Salloumé Sampaio; Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Maroco, JoãoObjective: The aims of this study were to estimate the association between an at‑risk drinking pattern and sociodemographic variables, and to compare the mean scores of the factors associated with the Burnout Syndrome, according to the alcohol consumption pattern in staff members from two Brazilian prisons. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was developed with 339 participants (response rate = 63.8%). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI‑GS). Results: The participants’ average age was 40.2 (SD = 8.8) years, and 81.0% were male. Among 78.5% of participants (95%CI 74.1 – 82.8) reported consuming alcoholic beverages. The prevalence of at‑risk drinking behavior in the sample was 22.4% (95%CI 18.0 – 26.9), and of the Burnout Syndrome was 14.6% (95%CI 10.8 – 18.4). We observed a significant association between at‑risk drinking behavior with gender, higher risk for men (OR = 7.32, p < 0.001), smoking, increased risk for smokers (OR = 2.77, p < 0.001), and religious practice, showing lower risks for religion practitioners (OR = 0.364, p < 0.001). We noticed significantly higher mean scores (p < 0.001) of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, and lower scores of professional achievement among individuals who reported consuming alcoholic beverages. Conclusion: Men who smoke were more likely to develop an at‑risk drinking pattern, while religion is presented as a protective factor. Individuals who consume alcohol were more affected by the different factors of the Burnout Syndrome.
- Causal factors of anxiety symptoms in childrenPublication . Dias, Filomena Valadão; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Mendes, Rosário; Leal, Isabel Pereira; Maroco, JoãoAim: The present work aimed to investigate the impact of the child’s cognitions associated with ambiguous stimuli that refer to anxiety, both parents’ fears and anxiety, and parents’ attributions to the child’s interpretations of ambiguous stimuli on child anxiety. The influence of parental modelling on child’s cognitions was also analyzed. Method: The final sample was composed of 111 children (62 boys; 49 girls) with ages between 10 and 11 years (M = 10.6, SD = 0.5) from a community population, and both their parents. The variables identified as most significant were included in a predictive model of anxiety. Results: Results revealed the children’s thoughts (positive and negative) related to ambiguous stimuli that describe anxiety situations. Parents’ fears and mothers’ anxiety significantly predict children’s anxiety. Those variables explain 29% of the variance in children general anxiety. No evidence was found for a direct parental modeling of child cognitions. Conclusion: Children’s positive thoughts seem to be cognitive aspects that buffer against anxiety. Negative thoughts are vulnerability factors for the development of child anxiety. Parents’ fears and anxiety should be analyzed in separate as they have distinct influences over children’s anxiety. Mothers’ fears contribute to children’s anxiety by reducing it, revealing a possible protective effect. It is suggested that the contribution of both parents’ fears to children’s anxiety may be interpreted acknowledging the existence of “psychological and/or behavioral filters”. Mothers’ filters seem to be well developed while fathers’ filters seem to be compromised. The contribution of mothers’ anxiety (but not fathers’ anxiety) to children’s anxiety is also understood in light of the possible existence of a “proximity space” between the child and parents, which is wider with mothers than with fathers.
- Cross-cultural adaptation of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) in PortugalPublication . Vicente, Carla S.; Oliveira, Rui Aragão Gomes; Silva, Filipe; Ferrajão, Paulo; Augusto, Sara; Oliveira, Sandra; Senra, Hugo Renato Carreira Gomes; Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Krieger, DanielaBackground: The Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) is internationally established as one of the major instruments available for clinical diagnosis and scientific research, being frequently used as an auxiliary tool in the selection of therapeutic interventions. Aims: 1) To describe the methodological aspects of the adaptation of the OPD-2 into Portuguese (Portugal and Brazil). 2) To assess inter-rater agreement for the different axes of the instrument when scoring clinical interviews. Method: The cross-cultural adaptation involved translation of the instrument by different independent translators, whose versions were compared in discussion groups in order to develop a final Portuguese version. In the presence of discrepancies regarding the translation of original concepts, the authors of the original instrument were contacted for clarification. Five interviews were used to assess inter-rater agreement. Each subject participated in two interviews, conducted by an experienced clinical psychologist. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analyzed by the principal investigator and by three independent examiners. Results: Axis IV (Structure) presented the highest inter-rater agreement (78%). Axes I (Experience of illness and prerequisites for treatment) and III (Conflict) showed the lowest inter-rater agreement results (66 and 57.7%, respectively). Conclusions: Our results point in the same direction as previous studies conducted in other countries. In our sample, the OPD-2 presented an acceptable inter-rater agreement; however, further studies are needed to assess the instrument’s reliability.
- Na origem do mau – trato: Estudo exploratório sobre a transmissão intergeracional de tipologias de maus-tratos à criançaPublication . Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Pais, Lúcia Maria de Sousa Gomes GouveiaA forma como os maus-tratos à criança são vistos e abordados tem-se modificado ao longo dos tempos, actualmente são um fenómeno de grande importância e divulgação social, sendo alvo de muitas investigações e de acções de protecção. Após revisão da literatura científica sobre o tema, surgiu o problema de investigação que está na base do desenvolvimento deste trabalho: será que, nos casos em que há transmissão intergeracional dos maus-tratos, ocorre também transmissão da tipologia de agressão? Para o desenvolvimento desta investigação optou-se pela realização de um estudo exploratório, utilizando como instrumento de recolha uma entrevista semi-estruturada, elaborada concretamente para este estudo, e como instrumento de análise a análise de conteúdo. O corpus foi obtido através de entrevistas realizadas a oito participantes, que foram identificados como pais maltratantes e vítimas de maus-tratos na sua própria infância, sendo estas posteriormente transcritas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para uma possível transmissão intergeracional dos maus-tratos, uma vez que esta ocorreu na maioria dos casos observados (oito de dez casos). Nota-se também uma diferença entre os sujeitos que infligem maus-tratos físicos e os que são negligentes, na medida em que, de uma forma geral, além dos maus-tratos físicos serem transmitidos e a negligência não, ocorrem diferenças entre as características do ambiente familiar, das relações extra-familiares estabelecidas e do autoreconhecimento enquanto agressores. Observou-se, ainda, uma relação entre a desculpabilização do agressor e a auto-culpabilização pelos maus-tratos sofridos, e entre o reconhecimento do agressor como figura de identificação e o auto-reconhecimento como agressor.
- Occupational characteristics and burnout syndrome in brazilian correctional staffPublication . Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Schneider, Valéria; Bonafé, Fernanda Salloumé Sampaio; Maroco, João; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte BoniniBackground: In the correctional context, occupational characteristics may contribute to the development of burnout. Objective: To compare the scores of Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Cynicism (CY) and Professional Efficacy (PE) of staff members according to occupational variables in two correctional facilities (CF1 and CF2). Methods: 339 Brazilian employees from two correctional facilities completed a socio-demographic/occupational questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The comparison between the scores obtained on each MBI-GS factor, according to variables of interest vs. correctional facilities, was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA-two way: p < 0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the levels of EE, CY and PE between the correctional facilities (p < 0.001); staff from CF2 presented worse levels. Women (p = 0.014) and individuals with a 10-year tenure or higher (p = 0.041) presented higher levels of EE. Lower scores of professional efficacy were found in CF2 staff members with a 10-year tenure or higher (p = 0.018). The prison escort and surveillance agents presented mean values of EE (p = 0.030) and CY (p = 0.008) that were significantly lower than those of the correctional security officers. Conclusions: The scores of EE, CY and PE of the staff members suffered a significant influence from the correctional facility, gender, professional category and tenure.
- A origem dos maus-tratos: Revisão sobre a evolução histórica das perceções de criança e maus-tratosPublication . Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Pais, Lúcia Maria de Sousa Gomes GouveiaObjetivo: Neste trabalho elabora-se, com base em revisão bibliográfica, a evolução histórica das perceções acerca de maus-tratos e de criança. Começa-se por abordar o constructo de maus-tratos, passando seguidamente pela Antiguidade e Idade Média, onde as crianças eram sujeitas a constantes maus-tratos, sendo prevalentes os maus-tratos físicos, abuso sexual e o trabalho infantil, progredindo até à Idade Moderna, onde a criança passa a ser vista como um ser com características particulares e merecedor de cuidados especiais. Aborda-se de forma breve as tipologias de maus-tratos na atualidade e as variações culturais. Conclusão: Torna-se fulcral compreender o impacto que os maus-tratos têm vindo ao longo da histórico e que continuam a ter na atualidade, sendo fundamental a considerar estes aspetos nas intervenções a serem desenvolvidas nesta área, tendo em particular consideração o amplo leque de variações culturais cada vez mais presentes e evidentes.
- The impact of childbirth on female sexualityPublication . Leal, Isabel Pereira; Lourenço, Sílvia N.; Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Maroco, JoãoObjective: To compare variables related to sexual functioning, namely: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction and sexual function in women during the pregnancy and 3 months after delivery. Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive, quantitative study. A non-probability, convenience sample of 62 women in the first stage, and of 52 women in the second stage, was used. The two groups were not significantly different regarding socio-demographic aspects. The main outcome measures used were the female sexual function as assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and a Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire. Results: The women presented higher mean levels of sexual satisfaction after birth, than during the pregnancy presenting statistically significant differences. Also they had lower mean levels of sexual desire, sexual arousal and vaginal lubrication after delivery. Regarding the orgasm, they presented higher mean levels in the postpartum period. The overall sexual function after childbirth did not present significant differences when comparing the pregnancy period to the postpartum, but presented higher mean levels during the pregnancy. Pain levels were higher during the pregnancy. Conclusion: We found no significant differences between the two groups, in most of the studied variables. However, Sexual Arousal and Sexual Satisfaction presented statistically significant differences.
- The impact of childbirth on sexual functioning in women with episiotomyPublication . Leal, Isabel Pereira; Lourenço, Sílvia N.; Oliveira, Raquel Lara Velez; Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Maroco, JoãoObjective: To compare the pregnancy period with the postpartum period, and infer if the presence of episiotomy interferes with the experience of female sexuality after childbirth. Method: This is an exploratory and descriptive, quantitative study. A non-probability, convenience sample of 108 women in the first stage (during pregnancy), and of 93 women in the second stage (after birth), was gathered in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Service of a Portuguese hospital. The Female Sexual Function Index and a socio-demographic/clinical questionnaire were used for data collection. Results: Women that had an episiotomy/episiorrhaphy presented higher mean levels of sexual satisfaction after birth, lower mean levels of sexual desire, sexual arousal, and vaginal lubrication after delivery. Regarding the orgasm, they presented higher mean levels in the postpartum period. Statistical significant differences were found regarding the pain levels, as women with episiotomy presented a significantly higher intensity of pain during sexual intercourse after childbirth than during the pregnancy. Conclusion: The overall sexual function after childbirth did not present significant differences when compared to the pregnancy period. However, there was an exception regarding the pain, which was significantly higher in the postpartum period.