Browsing by Author "Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra"
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- Adherence to phosphodiesterase type 5 Inhibitors in the treatment of frectile dysfunction in long-term users: How Do Men Use the Inhibitors?Publication . Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Forjaz, Vera; Pereira, Nuno MonteiroThe high effectiveness of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been demonstrated. However, previous research shows that PDE5-i treatments have high discontinuation rates.
- Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Older Men and Women Across Europe: Similarities, Differences, and Associations with Their Sex LivesPublication . Træen, Bente; Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Hald, Gert Martin; Lange, Theis; Kvalem, Ingela LundinThe aim of the study was to explore attitudes towards sexuality and sexual behaviour in older adults in Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. A cross-sectional survey with representative samples of the population aged 60–75 years recruited through phone registers in Norway (676 men and 594 women), Denmark (530 men and 515 women), Belgium (318 men and 672 women), and Portugal (236 men and 273 women) was conducted. The data collection was carried out using an anonymous postal questionnaire. Four dimensions of attitudes towards sexuality were identified: ‘sex for love’, ‘sexual pressure in society’, ‘sex for well-being’, and ‘sexual changes and ageing’. Discriminant analyses identified three discriminant attitude functions: sex for well-being, sexual changes due to ageing, and sex for love. Portuguese men had positive attitudes towards sex as good for well-being in older adults but believed ageing was an obstacle to being sexual at this stage of life. Portuguese women believed sex was good for well-being and did not consider ageing an obstacle to sexual enjoyment. Norwegian men and Danish women believed changes in sexuality due to ageing were no obstacle to being sexual but did not believe that sex was good for well-being. The attitudes of Belgian and Danish men were largely inclined in the direction that sex is not particularly important for elderly people and that changes in sexuality occur due to the ageing process. Men and women were committed to the attitude of sex for love, although this was observed most in Belgian participants and least in Danish men. Positive attitudes towards sex for wellbeing and towards ageing and sexual changes correlated with less change in sexual interest and sexual enjoyment, and with increased frequency of intercourse and masturbation. To tailor successful sexual health interventions, attitudes of sexuality in older people should be addressed.
- Body awareness and bodily dissociation among those with and without sexual difficulties: Differentiation using the scale of body connectionPublication . Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Price, Cynthia; Neves, Cide Filipe Branco de CamposThe goal of this study was to explore potential body awareness and bodily dissociation differences between men and women with and without sexual difficulties, using the Scale of Body Connection in a sample of 909 participants. In women, bodily dissociation scores were significantly higher across all reported sexual difficulties, except in sexual pain. Women with lack of sexual interest and sexual arousal had significantly lower body awareness when compared to women without these difficulties. These findings suggest the importance of targeting body awareness and bodily dissociation in the treatment of women's sexual difficulties.
- Commentary: A position statement on sexual orientation conversion therapies by members of the board of directors of the Portuguese Society of Clinical Sexology (SPSC)Publication . Pascoal, Patricia Magda Monteiro; Moita, Maria Gabriela Martins Da Nóbrega; Marques, Tiago R.; Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Vilarinho, Sandra; Cardoso, Jorge; Carvalho, Rui F.; Almeida, M. Joana; Nobre, Pedro J.inexistente
- O consumo de pornografia na internet numa amostra de mulheres portuguesasPublication . Gaspar, Maria João de Matos; Carvalheira, Ana AlexandraObjetivo: Analisar e identificar alguns comportamentos sexuais relacionados com o consumo de pornografia online numa amostra de mulheres portuguesas. Método: Neste websurvey participaram 216 mulheres (Média de idade = 27,89; DP = 6,40; máx. = 58; mín. = 18) respondendo a um questionário online acerca do seu consumo de pornografia online e comportamentos sexuais associados. O estudo foi divulgado através do método snowball via e-mail e em diversos chatrooms em diferentes horas do dia e da noite. Resultados: 56,9% das mulheres já visitou sites pornográficos e 7% gasta mais de 6 horas por semana nesta atividade. Entretenimento, curiosidade e obtenção de excitação sexual são as principais motivações para este comportamento. Os resultados revelam ainda uma enorme diversidade de conteúdos pornográficos procurados. Conclusão: Este estudo mostra que a Internet pode ser uma ferramenta usada por algumas mulheres para o consumo de pornografia, com uma diversidade de objetivos e de conteúdos, e permite a identificação de alguns tópicos para futura investigação. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Aim: The main goal was to analyze the use of online pornography and identify some related sexual behaviours in Portuguese women. Method: 216 Portuguese (Mean age = 27.89; SD = 6.40; max. = 58; min. = 18) women answered an online questionnaire about their use of online pornography and other associated sexual behaviours. The questionnaire was announced through snowball method via e-mail and trough several chatrooms at different hours of day and night. Results: 56.9% of women, in this sample, have already used pornographic websites and 7% spends more than 6 hours per week in this activity. Entertainment, curiosity, and feeling sexual arousal, are the primary motivations for the use of these websites. Results also revealed a high diversity of preferred pornographic contents. Conclusion: The present study shows that the Internet can be a useful tool to search for pornography for some women, with a great diversity of objectives and contents, and allowed the identification of topics for future research.
- Correlates of men’s sexual interest: A cross-cultural studyPublication . Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Traeen, Bente; Stulhofer, AleksandarIntroduction. Low sexual desire has been studied more extensively in women than in men. Aim. The study aims to analyze the correlates of distressing lack of sexual interest and the self-assessed reasons for the lack of sexual interest among heterosexual men from three countries. Methods. A web-based survey was completed by 5,255 men aged 18–75 years from Portugal, Croatia, and Norway. Main Outcome Measures. We used an item that assesses lack of sexual interest from the British NATSAL 2000. Anxiety and depression were measured with the SCL-ANX4 and SCL-DEP6. Relationship intimacy was measured using a five-item version of the Emotional Intimacy Scale. A shortened version of the Sexual Boredom Scale was used to assess proneness to sexual boredom in relation to the duration of relationship, and personal distress was evaluated using an item created for this study. Results. Distressing lack of sexual interest lasting at least 2 months in the previous year was reported by 14.4% of the participants. The most prevalent comorbidity among these men was erectile difficulty (48.7%). Men with low confidence levels in erectile function, not feeling attracted to the partner, and those in long-term relationships were more likely to have experienced lack of sexual interest than were men with high confidence levels and those who felt attracted to their partner and those in shorter-term relationships. Professional stress was the most frequently reported reason for lack of sexual interest. Sexual boredom as a result of a long-term relationship was significantly and negatively correlated with the level of intimacy (r = −0.351, P < 0.001) and sexual satisfaction (r = −0.497, P < 0.001). Conclusions. Distressing lack of sexual interest in heterosexual men was associated with a number of intrapersonal (self-confidence in erectile function, stress), interpersonal (relationship duration, partner attractiveness), and sociocultural variables.
- Cybersex in portuguese chatrooms: A study of sexual behaviors related to online sexPublication . Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Gomes, Francisco AllenThe present article is about a particular form of sexual activity on the Internet: cybersex in chatrooms-in Portuguese by Portuguese people. This study aims to identify the reasons for engaging in cybersex on chats and the behavioral domains that characterize this activity. To carry out the study, we developed a self-report questionnaire that we made available on a website. The sample was collected online (n = 400) through the Portuguese Internet Relay Chat. Factor analyses revealed seven domain structures: (a) social skills, (b) preference for cybersex, (c) filter for a later date, (d) sex by phone, (e) fantasies, (f) using masks, and (g) impact on real relationships. We found a huge variety of sexual attitudes and behaviors connected to cybersex in chatrooms and the existence of two major trends: (a) people that use these chats as a starting place for offline relationships (online anonymity prevents the fear of rejection and social sanctions in real life), and (b) people who want and prefer online sex without any interest in further real contacts.
- Demographic and well-being predictors of regular and long-term practice of argentine tango in a multicultural sample of practitionersPublication . Santana, Rita; Gouveia, Maria João Pinheiro Morais; Carvalheira, Ana AlexandraThe practice of Argentine tango has experienced exponential growth all over the world, and several studies have revealed its positive outcomes on physical health. The present study aims to analyze demographic, well-being, and other psychological variables associated with the regular and long-term practice of Argentine tango. Participants included 524 men and women from 52 countries (Mean = 42.4; SD = 11.52; Range = 18–77). A multiple regression analysis was carried out designating the frequency of attendance at milongas as the dependent variable. Among women (n = 334), age, relationship situation, flourishing, and flow, emerged as significant predictors. Older and non-committed women, with a low level of flourishing, and a high level of flow were more likely to report a high frequency of tango practice. Among men (n = 190), relationship situation, flourishing, flow, and positive affects emerged as significant predictors. Non-committed men, with a low level of flourishing, a high level of flow, and a high level of positive affects were more likely to report a high frequency of tango practice. Another multiple regression analysis was conducted using the length of participants’ experience dancing tango as the dependent variable. Older and committed women with a high level of flow were more likely to report a pattern of long-term tango practice. Older men with a high level of flow were also more likely to be long-term practitioners of tango. These results raise questions about the potential effects of tango dancing on participants’ well-being.
- Dropout in the treatment of erectile dysfunction with PDE5: A study on predictors and a qualitative analysis of reasons for discontinuationPublication . Carvalheira, Ana Alexandra; Pereira, Nuno Monteiro; Maroco, João; Forjaz, VeraPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5) are currently the first line treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, previous research shows that PDE5 treatments have high discontinuation rates. Understanding the reasons for discontinuing PDE5 will be necessary to optimize the response to treatment. Aim. The main goals were: (i) to analyze discontinuation rate of PDE5; (ii) to identify the discontinuation predictors; and (iii) to study the reasons for discontinuation using a qualitative methodology. Main Outcome Measures. The PDE5 discontinuation rates, predictors, and reasons for discontinuation treatment. Methods. A total of 327 men with clinical diagnosis for ED who had been treated with PDE5 were successfully interviewed by telephone, after giving their informed consent by snail mail. Telephone interviews, concerning their ongoing treatment, were carried out using a standardized questionnaire form with quantitative and qualitative items. Participation rate was 71.8%. Results. Of the total sample, 160 men (48.9%) had discontinued PDE5 treatment. The discontinuation rate was higher among men with diabetes (73%) and in iatrogenic group (65%), and lower in venogenic etiology (38.7%).We differentiated three groups of men who discontinued treatment (i) during the first 3 months (55.1%); (ii) between 4 and 12 months (26.9%); and (iii) after a period of 12 months (18%). Qualitative analyses revealed diverse reasons for discontinuation: non-effectiveness of PDE5 (36.8%), psychological factors (e.g., anxiety, negative emotions, fears, concerns, dysfunctional beliefs) (17.5%), erection recovery (14.4%), and concerns about the cardiovascular safety of PDE5 (8.7%) were the most common. Older men and men whose partners were involved in the treatment, were less likely to discontinue treatment. Conclusion. Half the subjects discontinued medication. Mostly, there was a combination of factors that led to discontinuation: non-effectiveness and psychosocial factors appear to be the main reasons. Addressing those factors will allow following up with appropriate focus on relevant topics in order to improve compliance.
- Flutuações e diferenças de género no desenvolvimento da orientação sexual: perspectivas teóricasPublication . Almeida, Joana; Carvalheira, Ana AlexandraNeste trabalho pretendemos realizar uma revisão teórica das principais investigações sobre transições e flutuações na orientação sexual, dando especial relevo aos estudos de Lisa Diamond sobre as transições na identidade, comportamentos e atracções. Apresentamos ainda os resultados mais relevantes relativamente às diferenças de género na orientação sexual, que atribuem maior importância a estas diferenças do que propriamente às categorias de identidade sexual decorrentes da orientação sexual.
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