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- Subjective wellbeing of preschool childrenPublication . Silva, Bianca Núbia Souza; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Campos, Lucas Arrais; Maroco, J. P.; Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, JulianaObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI) in pre-school children and estimate the influence of demographic characteristics on their subjective wellbeing. Methods: Construct validity was estimated using confirmatory analysis and the chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (χ 2 /df), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Reliability was assessed by the ordinal alpha (α) and omega (ω) coe cients and the factorial invariance by the dierence in CFI (1CFI). Mean scores for each AUQEI item and the general score were calculated. Results: A total of 443 Preschool children enrolled in public education institutions participated. The original 4-factor AUQEI model showed collinearity between factors and a high correlation between two items. A single factor model was tested, presenting adequate fit to the data (χ 2 /df = 4.47; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.08; α = 0.98; ω = 0.93; UniCo > 0.95, EVC > 0.85, and MIREAL < 0.30) and strict model invariance (1CFI < 0.01). The AUQEI model proved to be valid in relation to the external variables. Most children (76.7%) had positive subjective wellbeing. Higher scores were observed for items concerning recreation, holidays, and birthdays, and lower scores for those referring to hospitalization, medication, medical consultation, and being away from the family. The relationship between the demographic characteristics of the child or his/her mother and subjective wellbeing was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The assessment of subjective wellbeing with the single-factor AUQEI model provided valid, reliable, and invariant. Thus, being a relevant and interesting instrument to assess wellbeing in young children.
- Early psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A sational surveyPublication . Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, Juliana; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Campos, Lucas Arrais; Marôco, João; Saadiq, Rayya Ahmed; Ruano, RodrigoIsolation measures used to contain epidemics generate social interaction restrictions and impose changes in routines of the public that increase negative psychological outcomes. Anxiety and depression are the most common symptoms.
- Coping strategies and their relationship with subjective distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic in BrazilPublication . Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, Juliana; Campos, Lucas; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Maroco, J. P.Objectives: To identify the strategies used by Brazilian adults for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the effect of these strategies on subjective distress. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with online data collection in May/June 2020, November/December 2020, and May/June 2021. The BriefCOPE Inventory and the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) were used. The prevalence of strategies used at different time points was estimated with a 95% confidence interval and compared with a z-test. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed and the odds ratio (OR, 95%CI) was calculated to verify the probability of subjective distress according to the coping strategy used. Results: Younger individuals had a lower prevalence of adaptive strategies, which increased significantly with age. Participants with higher income levels had a higher prevalence of adaptive strategies, as did those who were never diagnosed with a mental health disorder. The prevalence of using only maladaptive strategies ranged from 6.1% to 5.4% (p > 0.05). The use of problem-centered strategies (Active Coping and Planning), venting of emotions, and substance use increased with time, while acceptance and behavioral disengagement decreased. In general, the population used problem-centered strategies, but the high prevalence of problem avoidance was striking. Positive reinterpretation and acceptance were protective factors for subjective distress, whereas maladaptive strategies increased the chance of distress. The presence of a negative valence component (problem- or emotion-centered) increased the chance of subjective distress, whereas strategies based on Problem Solving acted as a protective factor. Conclusion: Coping strategies were significantly associated to subjective distress and have changed since the beginning of the pandemic. Strategies focused on emotion regulation may be relevant to minimize distress.
- COVID-19 pandemic: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Brazilian psychologistsPublication . Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, Juliana; Arrais De Campos, Lucas; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; de Oliveira, Adriano Palomino; NAVARRO, MARIA FABIANA; dos Santos, Simone Cristina; da Costa, Josilene; Prado, Oliver Zancul; Maroco, J. P.Introduction: Symptoms related to mental health disorders became the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, and psychologists had to adapt to the demands, while they themselves were exposed to the pandemic and its stressors. Objectives: To identify demographic and professional characteristics of Brazilian psychologists in different phases of pandemic and their reported care practices, concerns, and symptoms. Methods: This was an observational study conducted online in four independent phases with no pairing among the samples (May/June 2020, n = 263; November/December 2020, n = 131; May/June 2021, n = 378; November/December 2021, n = 222). Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used. The validity and reliability of the data obtained with the DASS-21 were attested to by confirmatory factor analysis. Basic lexographic and similarity analysis were conducted to obtain textual information. Prevalence of variables was estimated and compared between phases using the z-test (α = 5%). Similarity analysis was performed to identify the psychologists’ concerns. Results: Most of participants were women and were self-employed or employed. There was rapid adjustment to remote work and more than 70% reported changes in their mental health since the onset of pandemic. One in four participants had a previous mental health disorder, and there was a high prevalence of symptoms such as anxiety, fear, and angst. The prevalence of professionals who reported not caring about their own mental health was significant. In 2020, one cluster (health) of concern was identified, while in 2021 there were three clusters (health, family, and COVID-19). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms was high and did not change during the pandemic. Conclusions: Psychologists adapted to the demands of the population in the face of the pandemic. However, there was a high prevalence of mental health symptoms and a disregard for self-care among these professionals.
- Lifestyle choices of Brazilian college studentsPublication . Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Maroco, João Paulo; Barros, Mauro V.G.; Campos, Juliana A.D.B.Lifestyle choices reflect the beliefs that individuals attribute to aspects of life. This construct can be assessed with the Individual Lifestyle Profile (PEVI) questionnaire, which measures elements of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Preventive Behaviors, Social Relationships and Stress Management.
- Mental health in times of pandemic from the perspective of professors and studentsPublication . Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Campos, Lucas Arrais; Ramos De Azevedo, Maria Antonia; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Silva, Bianca Núbia Souza; Marôco, J. P.Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought profound societal changes and disruptions, including in the education system, which underwent swift modifications. It presented unique challenges for both professors and students, contributing to an increase in the prevalence of mental health-related symptoms. Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental health disorders symptoms, coping strategies, and concerns among students (≥18 years) and professors at different times during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was an online cross-sectional study (Student: N = 6,609; Phase 1 = 3,325; Phase 2 = 1,402; Phase 3 = 1,882; Professor: N = 9,096; Phase 1 = 3,924; Phase 2 = 2,223; Phase 3 = 2,949). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R), and BriefCOPE inventory were used. The probability of presenting the symptoms was calculated by multiple logistic regression and odds ratio (OR). Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and distress symptoms among students and professors was high (≥59.5% and ≥ 33.5%, respectively). Students, women, and those diagnosed with a mental disorder were more likely to have symptoms or distress. In the face of the pandemic, professors used more adaptive coping strategies than students. Health was the focus of professors’ concerns, while for students, future and labor market uncertainty were concerns derived from the health core. Conclusion: The results point to the need to strengthen psychosocial support for both professors and students.
- Escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse: propriedades psicométricas e prevalência das afetividadesPublication . Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Silva, Wanderson Roberto Da; Marôco, J. P.; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte BoniniEstimar as características psicométricas da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) para universitários e comparar as prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e estresse segundo o sexo.
- Escala de depressão, Ansiedade e estresse: propriedades psicométricas e prevalência das afetividadesaPublication . Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Silva, Wanderson Roberto Da; Marôco, J. P.; Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos, JulianaObjetivo: Estimar as características psicométricas da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) para universitários e comparar as prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e estresse segundo o sexo. Métodos: Avaliou-se o ajustamento da DASS-21 aos dados por análise confirmatória utilizando os índices razão de qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (c2/gl), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) e Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). As prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram calculadas e comparadas segundo o sexo. Resultados: Participaram 1.042 estudantes [idades entre 18 e 35 anos, com média de 21,13 anos (desvio-padrão = 2,81), 65,7% mulheres]. O ajustamento da DASS-21 à amostra foi adequado (c2/gl = 5,83; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07), contudo o item 2 apresentou baixo peso fatorial, sendo, portanto, excluído (c2/gl = 6,05; CFI = 0,98; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07). Em relação ao grau de acometimento dos estudantes pela depressão, ansiedade e estresse, verificou-se que 4,7%, 1,7% e 4,5% dos estudantes apresentaram, respectivamente, escores moderados a extremamente severos. Não houve diferença significativa entre as prevalências dos estados emocionais avaliados segundo o sexo. Conclusão: A DASS-21 apresentou adequada validade e confiabilidade para amostra. A prevalência de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foi semelhante entre homens e mulheres, apontando para a necessidade de um olhar igualitário na investigação desses estados emocionais.
- Measuring concern about smile appearance among adultsPublication . Silva, Bianca Nubia Souza; Campos, Lucas; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Maroco, João; Peltomäki, Timo; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte BoniniBackground/Objectives: To adapt and estimate the psychometric properties of Utrecht Questionnaire for esthetic outcome assessment in rhinoplasty (OAR) to assess concern about smile appearance and to estimate the infuence of demographic characteristics on this concern in adults. Material/Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. Individuals aged between 18 and 40 years participated in the study. The Portuguese version of OAR was adapted for smile assessment in dental practice and was named Questionnaire for Outcome Assessment of Smile Aesthetic (OA-Smile). Data validity was estimated using factorial validity [confrmatory factor analysis (CFA)—CFI, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), SRMR)] and convergent validity (average variance extracted). Reliability was assessed using the alpha ordinal coeffcient (αordinal) and the omega coeffcient (ω). A structural model was elaborated to assess the contribution of demographic characteristics to smile appearance concerns. Model ft was evaluated, and the z-test (α = 5%) was used to estimate the signifcance of the path estimates (β). Results: 2.523 subjects participated in the study [mean age = 32.86 (SD = 11.39) years, 68.1% female]. The factor model of orofacial appearance (OA)-Smile presented an adequate ft to the data [CFA: comparative ft index (CFI) = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR ≤ 0.05]. Convergent validity (AVE ≥ 0.80) and reliability (αordinal and ω ≥ 0.85) were adequate. The structural model presented an acceptable ft (CFI = 0.974; TLI = 0.991 and SRMR = 0.053). Women, younger people, single people, people with lower income, people using dental prostheses, undergoing dental treatment, and those who do not like their smile were more concerned about their smile appearance. Limitations: Nonprobability sampling, online data collection, and cross-sectional design are considered limitations of the study. Conclusions/Implications: OA-Smile is a suitable scale to assess smile appearance concerns, and the data obtained with this scale were valid and reliable. Demographic characteristics should be considered when measuring concerns about smile appearance.