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- Portuguese validation of the Internet Addiction Test: An empirical studyPublication . Pontes, Halley M.; Patrão, Ivone M.; Griffiths, Mark D.Background and aims: Research into Internet addiction (IA) has increased greatly over the last decade. Despite its various definitions and general lack of consensus regarding its conceptualisation amongst researchers, instruments for measuring this phenomenon have proliferated in a number of countries. There has been little research on IA in Portugal and this may be partly due to the absence of standardised measurement tools for assessing IA. Methods: This study attempted to address this issue by adapting a Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) via a translation-back translation process and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a sample of 593 Portuguese students that completed a Portuguese version of the IAT along with questions related to socio-demographic variables. Results: The findings suggested that the IAT appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring IA among Portuguese young adults as demonstrated by its satisfactory psychometric properties. However, the present findings also suggest the need to reword and update some of the IAT’s items. Prevalence of IA found in the sample was 1.2% and is discussed alongside findings relating to socio-demographic correlates. Limitations and implications of the present study are also discussed. Conclusions: The present study calls for a reflection of the IAT while also contributing to a better understanding of the basic aspects of IA in the Portuguese community since many health practitioners are starting to realise that Internet use may pose a risk for some individuals.
- COVID‐19 lockdown consequences on body mass index and perceived fragility related to physical activity: A worldwide cohort studyPublication . Urzeala, Constanta; Duclos, Martine; Ugbolue, Ukadike Chris; Bota, Aura; Berthon, Mickael; Kulik, Keri; Thivel, David; Bagheri, Reza; Gu, Yaodong; Baker, Julien S.; Andant, Nicolas; Pereira, Bruno; Rouffiac, Karine; Clinchamps, Maëlys; FDutheil, FrédéricAbstract: Background This paper is a follow‐up study continuing the COVISTRESS network previous research regarding health‐related determinants. Objective: The aim was to identify the main consequences of COVID‐19 lockdown on Body Mass Index and Perceived Fragility, related to Physical Activity (PA), for different categories of populations, worldwide.The study design included an online survey, during the first wave of COVID‐19 lockdown, across different world regions. Setting and participants The research was carried out on 10 121 participants from 67 countries. The recruitment of participants was achieved using snowball sampling techniques via social networks, with no exclusion criteria other than social media access. Main outcome measures Body Mass Physical Activity, Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected items were analysed. SPSS software, v20, was used. Significance was set at Results:Body Mass Index significantly increased during lockdown. For youth and young adults (18‐35 years), decreased by 31.25%, for adults (36‐65 years) by 26.05% and for the elderly (over 65 years) by 30.27%. There was a high level of Perceived Fragility and risk of getting infected for female participants and the elderly. Correlations between BMI, Perceived Fragility and were identified. Discussion and Conclusions The research results extend and confirm evidence that the elderly are more likely to be at risk, by experiencing weight gain, physical inactivity and enhanced Perceived Fragility. As a consequence, populations need to counteract the constraints imposed by the lockdown by being physically active.
- Inteligência Artificial Generativa no ensino superior: Perceções, crenças e desafios éticos dos estudantes de Psicologia e da EducaçãoPublication . Lopes, Carlos; Antunes, Maria da Luz; Sanches, TatianaIntrodução: O impacto da Inteligência Artificial Generativa (IA-Gen) está a remodelar o ensino da psicologia e da educação. Este estudo explora as perceções de estudantes destas áreas do conhecimento sobre o uso de ferramentas de IA-Gen no apoio à aprendizagem, focando-se em três dimensões fundamentais: a) facilidade de uso e utilidade percebidas; b) personalização, interatividade e confiança; e c) inteligência percebida e intenção de adoção. Método: Foi adotado um delineamento quantitativo descritivo e uma análise qualitativa a duas questões abertas sobre a IA, envolvendo uma amostra de 272 estudantes (84,93% do género feminino; M = idades=19,78 anos, Med=18 anos) a frequentar o primeiro ano de estudos universitários em três instituições de ensino superior portuguesas (Ispa-Instituto Universitário, Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa e FCSH da Universidade Nova de Lisboa). A amostra é predominantemente composta por estudantes das licenciaturas em Psicologia (73,2%) e Ciências da Educação (12,13%). Os participantes responderam a um questionário de 49 itens, elaborado especificamente pelos autores com base em instrumentos recentes de avaliação da adoção de IA-Gen (e.g., TAME-ChatGPT e a sua versão portuguesa da adoção do TAME-ChatGPT pela Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro [UTAD]). Resultados: Os resultados revelam que a IA-Gen é considerada uma tecnologia intuitiva e benéfica, com 68,9% dos estudantes a utilizá-la pelo menos semanalmente, sendo o ChatGPT (89%) a ferramenta dominante. As funções principais centram-se na compreensão de tópicos complexos (74,4%) e síntese de conteúdos (65,1%). Contudo, embora os estudantes se classifiquem maioritariamente como utilizadores de nível intermédio (65,4%), reconhecem que a eficácia depende da capacidade de formular boas perguntas (M=4,31). Persistem reservas significativas quanto à fiabilidade da ferramenta: a necessidade de validar a informação com fontes especialistas é quase unânime (M=4,64). Adicionalmente expressam-se preocupações com a erosão do pensamento crítico (M=3,94), o risco de plágio e a falta de segurança de dados (M=2,71). No plano macrossocial destaca-se uma consciência elevada sobre o impacto ambiental negativo da tecnologia (M=3,75). Discussão e Conclusões: Os estudantes manifestam uma postura de otimismo crítico, estando inclinados para a adoção tecnológica, mas conscientes das suas limitações éticas e cognitivas. A inteligência da IA é valorizada para funções explicativas, mas considerada inferior à dos docentes (M=2,44), sublinhando a importância da mediação humana. Estes resultados, contextualizados aos estudantes das áreas de Psicologia e Educação, ressaltam a urgência de estratégias de integração bem fundamentadas que alinhem o uso da IA-Gen com os princípios da Ciência Aberta, garantindo a transparência, a fiabilidade e o acesso livre a dados verificáveis. Diretrizes institucionais claras, o desenvolvimento profissional do corpo docente e iniciativas de formação em literacia em IA para estudantes são fundamentais para maximizar o potencial da IA-Gen e mitigar riscos como a dependência excessiva e a falta de originalidade académica.
- Clarifying the conceptual map of VUCA: A systematic reviewPublication . Taskan, Burcu; Junça-Silva, Ana; Caetano, AntónioOver the past few decades, the environment for organisations has been frequently described using the acronym VUCA: a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment. In spite of the popularity of this acronym, it is not unusual to find some overlap concerning the meaning of those terms, as well as poor definitions of each in the literature. Consequently, the main purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic literature review to obtain a conceptual map of the components of VUCA and their relationships and to highlight some avenues for future research. The authors conducted a systematic review of various databases between 1999 and 2021. A total of 833 papers were identified and 26 of them met the inclusion criteria for the current study. The subsequent analysis revealed several overlaps and relationships between the four terms. Based on this analysis, the authors propose a conceptual map that could serve as a basis for future research and practiceBecause of the exploratory nature of the study and the scarce number of empirical studies, the impact that the use of the VUCA framework has had on businesses could not be addressed. By clarifying the different components of VUCA and specifying the relationships between them with a comprehensive conceptual map, this paper may contribute to more rigorous empirical research, as well as help managers and executives more effectively deal with turbulent environments.
- Digital fluency and ethical use of information: The role of higher education librariansPublication . Sanches, TatianaIn the current digital context, there is an increased concern with access to information, as it has become exponentially mediated by technologies. Several problems can emerge: from restrictions on freedom of access to information or freedom of expression, due to the lack of knowledge to deal with technologies and digital information sources, vulnerability and lack of preparation regarding privacy management, to digital traps, fallacies, misinformation, or fake news. Are Portuguese librarians responding to these challenges? What actions and strategies have libraries been developed to promote digital fluency? What actions should be pursued, since young audiences are not only consumers, but also producers of online information and, at the same time, the internet has become a privileged resource for searching for easy and immediate information? It is important to reinforce skills with strategies that make it possible to detect, with quality criteria, the origin of the information, its diversity, and credibility, without forgetting, at the same time, under what circumstances and in what way the information can be reused ethically and legally. This is the basis for this exploratory study. To this end, a questionnaire survey base on the "European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu" is carried out to those responsible for higher education libraries, to understand the pedagogic strategies that have been used with the academic community. Based on the results, we seek to observe the active involvement of librarians, particularly in the training of students, to enhance their critical thinking in the face of digital information, the evaluation of digital information sources, or the problem resolution. They must develop skills to be able to observe and compare information in a critical, creative, and conscious way, particularly in digital media. In this process, the social and ethical premises that support teaching and learning in the mission of higher education libraries should be promoted.
- What factors do young people define as determinants of their well-being? Findings from the improve the youth projectPublication . Kleszczewska, Dorota; Dzielska, Anna; Michalska, Agnieszka; Branquinho, Cátia; Gaspar, Tania; Gaspar de Matos, Margarida; Mazur, JoannaBackground: The UN has recognised well-being as a main goal of The Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health (2016–2030). Objective: The aim was to identify the areas of mental health that are the most significant to teenagers. Material and methods. The mixed-method approach was applied. Quantitative research included adolescents aged 11–15 years (6,026 in Portugal; 4,545 in Poland). HBSC study results (2013/2014) were analysed in terms of the following variables: self-rated health, life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder, KIDSCREEN-10 Index), and psychosomatic complaints (SCL scale). Focus workshops took place in 2018, with 72 teenagers aged 14 to 16. Results: 16.6% of the Polish participants and 12.7% of the Portuguese participants were concerned about their health. Polish participants were less satisfied with their life [KIDSCREEN score: 25.48 for Poland (SD=6.39), and 29.96 (SD=6.03) for Portugal]. Both nations associated mental health (MH) with the family setting and relationships with friends. An additional association among Portuguese teenagers involved social issues, whereas Polish adolescents were more focussed on relationships with various people in their environment, as well as on experiencing issues at school and in the family. Conclusions: Adolescent MH is determined by stress, environmental pressure and high expectations. The viewpoints of adolescents are the most valuable source of knowledge for specialists, researchers and youth institutions, who can benefit greatly from taking advantage of this resource.
- Luszczynska, A., Szczuka, Z., Abraham, C., Baban, A., Brooks, S., Cipolletta, S., Danso, E., Dombrowski, S. U., Gan, Y., Gaspar, T., De Matos, M. G., Griva, K., Jongenelis, M. I., Keller, J., Knoll, N., Ma, J., Miah, M. a. A., Morgan, K., Peraud, W., . . . Wolf, H. (2021). The interplay between strictness of policies and individuals’ self-regulatory Efforts: Associations with Handwashing During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(4), 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab102Publication . Luszczynska, Aleksandra; Szczuka, Zofia; Abraham, Charles; Baban, Adriana; Brooks, Sydney; Cipolletta, Sabrina; Danso, Ebrima; Dombrowski, Stephan U; Gan, Yiqun; Gaspar, Tania; Gaspar de Matos, Margarida; Griva, Konstadina; Jongenelis, Michelle I; Keller, Jan; Knoll, Nina; Ma, Jinjin; Miah, Mohammad Adbdul Awal; Morgan, Karen; Peraud, William; Quintard, Bruno; Shah, Vishna; Schenkel, Konstantin; Scholz, Urte; Schwarzer, Ralf; Siwa, Maria; Taut, Diana; Tomaino, Silvia C M; Vilchinsky, Noa; Wolf, HodayaPatterns of protective health behaviors, such as handwashing and sanitizing during the COVID-19 pandemic, may be predicted by macro-level variables, such as regulations specified by public health policies. Health behavior patterns may also be predicted by micro-level variables, such as self-regulatory cognitions specified by health behavior models, including the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA).This study explored whether strictness of containment and health policies was related to handwashing adherence and whether such associations were mediated by HAPA-specified self-regulatory cognitions. Methods The study (NCT04367337) was conducted among 1,256 adults from Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Self-report data on cross-situational handwashing adherence were collected using an online survey at two time points, 4 weeks apart. Values of the index of strictness of containment and health policies, obtained from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker database, were retrieved twice for each country (1 week prior to individual data collection). Across countries and time, levels of handwashing adherence and strictness of policies were high. Path analysis indicated that stricter containment and health policies were indirectly related to lower handwashing adherence via lower self-efficacy and self-monitoring. Less strict policies were indirectly related to higher handwashing adherence via higher self-efficacy and self-monitoring Conclusions: When policies are less strict, exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus might be higher, triggering more self-regulation and, consequently, more handwashing adherence. Very strict policies may need to be accompanied by enhanced information dissemination or psychosocial interventions to ensure appropriate levels of self-regulation.
- Open-label placebo treatment in chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trialPublication . Cláudia Carvalho; Joaquim Machado Caetano; Lidia Cunha; Paula Rebouta; Ted J. Kaptchuk; Irving KirschThis randomized controlled trial was performed to investigate whether placebo effects in chronic low back pain could be harnessed ethically by adding open-label placebo (OLP) treatment to treatment as usual (TAU) for 3 weeks. Pain severity was assessed on three 0- to 10-point Numeric Rating Scales, scoring maximum pain, minimum pain, and usual pain, and a composite, primary outcome, total pain score. Our other primary outcome was back-related dysfunction, assessed on the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire. In an exploratory follow-up, participants on TAU received placebo pills for 3 additional weeks. We randomized 97 adults reporting persistent low back pain for more than 3 months' duration and diagnosed by a board-certified pain specialist. Eighty-three adults completed the trial. Compared to TAU, OLP elicited greater pain reduction on each of the three 0- to 10-point Numeric Rating Scales and on the 0- to 10-point composite pain scale (P < 0.001), with moderate to large effect sizes. Pain reduction on the composite Numeric Rating Scales was 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.0) in the OLP group and 0.2 (−0.3 to 0.8) in the TAU group. Open-label placebo treatment also reduced disability compared to TAU (P < 0.001), with a large effect size. Improvement in disability scores was 2.9 (1.7-4.0) in the OLP group and 0.0 (−1.1 to 1.2) in the TAU group. After being switched to OLP, the TAU group showed significant reductions in both pain (1.5, 0.8-2.3) and disability (3.4, 2.2-4.5). Our findings suggest that OLP pills presented in a positive context may be helpful in chronic low back pain.
- Responding to grief-related needs in older adults: Protocol for a community-based matched-care trial (GriefDiff)Publication . Neto, David Dias; Coelho, Alexandra; Barbosa, Miguel; Albuquerque, Sara; Dias Neto, David ManuelBackground Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) affects a significant proportion of bereaved people and may be especially burdensome in later life, when cumulative losses, health problems, and reduced social resources can hinder adjustment. Grief support is often reactive, and many older adults do not access timely, appropriate care. GriefDiff will study a differentiated, community-based model that matches intervention intensity and format to individual risk and relational needs. Methods GriefDiff is a mixed-methods (QUAN→QUAL) protocol. The quantitative component is a three-arm, tiered, parallel-group superiority randomised controlled trial delivered in community settings across Portugal, in collaboration with a national grief association. Eligible participants are Portuguese adults aged ≥60 years, bereaved 1–12 months, with a significant emotional bond to the deceased. After consent, participants complete a grief-risk tool and a mutuality-based relational-needs screener. Stratified block randomisation allocates participants to Information and Grief Literacy (IGLiteracy; one group session plus bi-weekly SMS reminders), an Individual Self-Help Program (ISelfHP; older-adult web app with optional offline materials and brief telephone guidance), or Moderated Self-Help Groups (MSHGroups; manualised weekly groups). Assessments occur at baseline, 3 months (post) and 6 months (follow-up). The primary outcome is prolonged grief symptoms; secondary outcomes are depression and anxiety. Target sample is N=324 (108/arm). Analyses will follow an intention-to-treat approach and will use mixed-effects models for repeated measures with fixed-sequence gatekeeping. Qualitative focus groups will compare matched versus non-matched allocations to clarify perceived fit, identify barriers, and inform future implementation strategies for differentiated grief care. Discussion Developing scalable, differentiated community responses will help address a growing societal challenge while meeting the needs of older adults. By evaluating programme effectiveness and refining the screening procedure, this study aims to inform the development and implementation of needs-based grief care in community settings
- Psychometric properties of the Spontaneity Assessment Inventory-Revised (SAI-R): The 3-factor hypothesisPublication . Martins, Paulo; Gonzalez, António-José; Lima, Margarida Pedroso de; Rosado, António; Gonzalez, António JoséSpontaneity and its connections to mental health and wellbeing are a central issue in both theory and practice of psychodrama, and the specialized literature sometimes even associates the presence of pathology to a lack of spontaneity. This paper describes spontaneity in Moreno’s theory, its assessment, its association with other measures and concepts, and scientific advances in the field. Specifically, we present results obtained with the English and Portuguese-language versions concerning its assessment. The main purpose of this work was to study the spontaneity measure (SAI-R) in a 3 first-order factors version for a Portuguese sample of 439 subjects, divided into two independent samples. The mean age of participants was 25.6 years (SD = 10.2), and ages ranged between 18 and 64 years. Data was collected through an online platform of a Portuguese market research company. The results revealed that the 3-factor model has acceptable validity for items 1 (“Creative”) and 7 (“Euphoric”), confirming the composite reliability, the convergent validity, but not the discriminant validity. Through multi-group analysis, the model proved to be stable. Notwithstanding the need for complementary studies, including clinical samples, the SAI-R is a short and valid instrument in clinical and non-clinical contexts when evaluating spontaneity.