Browsing by Author "Roque, Lisa"
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- Attachment security and HPA axis reactivity to positive and challenging emotional situations in child-mother dyads in naturalistic settingsPublication . Roque, Lisa; Veríssimo, Manuela; Oliveira, Tânia Sofia Ferreira de; Oliveira, Rui FilipeThis study investigated adrenocortical activity in response to different challenging and positive affect emotional contexts in child–mother dyads, as function of attachment security (children’s secure base behaviors and mothers’ attachment representations). Fifty-one children ranging in age from 18 to 26 months and their mothers participated in this study. Secure children showed significant increases in their cortisol levels after fear episodes and significant decreases, after positive affect ones. No significant changes were found for frustration/ anger episodes. Insecure children did not show significant differences in cortisol levels in any of the episodes, which suggests that insecure attachment may be related to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression in response to challenging and positive contexts. Mothers of insecure children showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations in pre- and post-session samples, than mothers of secure children. Mothers’ personal attachment representations influenced their own cortisol responses, as well as their children’s (in a marginal significant way).
- Emotion regulation and attachment: Relationships with children’s secure base, during different situational and social contexts in naturalistic settingsPublication . Roque, Lisa; Veríssimo, Manuela; Fernandes, Marília; Rebelo, Ana Sofia GarciaThis study investigated the relationships between children’s secure base and emotion regulation, namely their behavioral strategies and emotional expressiveness, during different situational and social contexts in naturalistic settings. Fifty-five children ranging in age from 18 to 26 months of age and their mothers participated in this study. Children were exposed to three situational (fear, positive affect and frustration/anger) and two social (maternal constraint and involvement) contexts. Toddlers’ behavioral strategies differed as function of emotion-eliciting context, maternal involvement and attachment quality. Emotional expressiveness varied as function of an interaction involving situational contexts, maternal involvement and children’s attachment security.
- Emotion regulation in child-mother dyads: A psychobiological approachPublication . Roque, LisaEste trabalho tem como objectivo o estudo da regulação emocional em díades mãe-criança, sob uma perspectiva psicobiológica, ou seja, a análise das relações entre processos internos (temperamento e actividade adrenocortical) e externos (representações de vinculação maternas e comportamentos de base segura das crianças), durante diferentes contextos situacionais (medo, afecto positivo, frustração/raiva) e sociais (constrangimento e envolvimento maternos). Cinquenta e cinco crianças entre os 18 e os 26 meses da idade e respectivas mães participaram neste estudo. As estratégias comportamentais de regulação emocional, a expressividade e intensidade emocionais das crianças foram estudadas através do Paradigma de Regulação Emocional (Diener, & Mangelsdorf, 1999 a, b). Os comportamentos de base segura das crianças e as representações de vinculação das mães foram avaliadas através do “Attachment Behavior Q-Set” (Waters, 1995) e pelas Narrativas de Representação da Vinculação em Adultos (Waters, & Rodrigues-Doolabh, 2004), respectivamente. O temperamento das crianças foi avaliado através do “Bate’s Infant Characteristics Questionnaire” (Bates, Freeland, & Lounsbury, 1979; adaptação portuguesa por Soares, Rangel-Henriques, & Dias, 2009). Finalmente, as respostas adrenocorticais das crianças e das mães foram avaliadas através de amostras de saliva e analisadas através de ensaios de luminoimunoiscência (LIA). Os resultados revelaram que, de um modo geral, as estratégias comportamentais das crianças variaram, significativamente, em função do contexto situacional (as crianças exibiram mais estratégias durante os episódios de afecto positivo e frustração/raiva, em comparação com os de medo) e envolvimento materno. A expressividade emocional das crianças variou em função do contexto situacional (as crianças exibiram maior expressividade emocional, positiva ou negativa, durante os episódios de medo e frustração/raiva e menos durante os de afecto positivo) e de interacções entre a expressividade emocional e o envolvimento materno. A intensidade emocional revelou variações em função de uma interacção entre o contexto e o envolvimento materno. As estratégias comportamentais e a expressividade emocional das crianças também se diferenciaram significativamente em função da qualidade da relação de vinculação às mães. As representações maternas sobre a vinculação além de serem predictoras dos comportamentos de base segura das crianças crianças, também influenciaram significativamente a expressividade e a intensidade emocionais destas. As respostas adrenocorticais das crianças e das mães variaram significativamente, em função da qualidade de vinculação das crianças. As representações maternas sobre a vinculação influenciaram significativamente os níveis de cortisol das mães, assim como os das crianças (de um modo marginal). A qualidade do temperamento das crianças revelou associações significativas com as estratégias comportamentais e com as respostas adrenocorticais das crianças e das mães. Os resultados são discutidos, analisando possíveis implicações, limitações e futuras linhas de investigação. ---------- ABSTRACT ---------- This work studies emotion regulation in child-mother dyads from a psychobiological perspective, particularly, the study of the relationships between internal (temperament and adrenocortical activity) and external processes (mothers’ attachment representations and children’s secure base behaviours), during different situational (fear, positive affect, frustration/anger) and social (mother constrained and involved) contexts. Fifty-five children between 18 and 26 months of age and their mothers participated in this study. Children’s emotion regulation behavioural strategies, emotional expressiveness and intensity were studied through the Emotion Regulation Paradigm (Diener, & Mangelsdorf, 1999 a, b). To assess children’s secure base behaviours and mothers’ attachment representations the Attachment Behaviour Q-Set (Waters, 1995) and the Adult Attachment Representation Narratives (Waters, & Rodrigues-Doolabh, 2004) were used, respectively. Children’s temperament was evaluated by the The Bate’s Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ), (Bates, Freeland, & Lounsbury, 1979; portuguese adaptation by Soares, Rangel-Henriques, & Dias, 2009). Finally, children’s and mothers’ adrenocortical activity were assessed from salivary cortisol and analyzed through luminoimmunoassay (LIA) kits. Results revealed that overall, toddlers’ regulatory strategies varied as function of emotion-eliciting context (children exhibited more strategies during positive affect and frustration/anger episodes and less during fear episodes) and maternal involvement. Toddlers’ emotional expressiveness varied as function of emotion-eliciting context (children exhibited more emotional expressions either negative or positive, during fear and frustration/anger episodes and less during positive affect episodes) and as result of interactions between emotional expressiveness and maternal involvement. Emotional intensity varied as function of an interaction between context and maternal involvement. Children’s behavioural strategies and expressiveness also differed significantly as function of attachment security to their mothers. Mothers’ attachment representations not only predicted their children’s secure base behaviours, but also influenced their expressiveness and emotional intensity, in a significant way. Children and mothers’ adrenocortical responses were significantly influenced by children’s attachment security. Mothers’ personal attachment representations influenced significantly their own cortisol responses, as well as their children’s (in a marginal significant way). Children’s temperament quality showed significant associations with toddlers’ behavioural strategies and children and mothers’ adrenocortical activities. Possible implications, limitations and future research lines and discussed.
- Emotional context, maternal behavior and emotion regulationPublication . Roque, Lisa; Veríssimo, ManuelaThis study investigated the importance of emotion-eliciting context (positive and negative) and mother’s behaviors (constrained and involved) on toddlers’ emotion regulation behavioral strategies, emotional expressiveness and intensity, during three episodes eliciting fear, frustration/anger and positive affect. Fifty-five children between 18 and 26 months of age and their mothers participated in the study. Toddlers’ regulatory strategies varied as function of emotion-eliciting context (children exhibited behavioral strategies more frequently during positive affect and frustration/anger episodes and less frequently during fear episodes) and maternal involvement. Toddlers’ expression of emotion varied as function of emotion-eliciting context (children exhibited more emotional expressions, both negative and positive during fear and frustration/anger episodes compared to positive affect episodes). Toddlers’ expression of emotion was not strongly related to maternal involvement, however, the intensity of emotional expression was related to the interaction of context and maternal involvement.
- Relationships between diurnal adrenocortical activity, children’s attachment security and mothers’ attachment representationsPublication . Roque, Lisa; Veríssimo, Manuela; Oliveira, Tânia Sofia Ferreira de; Fernandes, Marília; Rebelo, Ana Sofia Garcia; Oliveira, Rui FilipeThis study investigated the relationship between diurnal adrenocortical activity and attachment quality (children’s secure base behaviours and mothers’ attachment representations). Forty-two children ranging in age from 18 to 26 months of age and their mothers participated in this study. Children and mothers’ saliva samples were collected on two consecutive days (Saturday and Sunday), three times per day: awakening; 20m after awakening; bedtime. No significant relationships were found involving mothers’ attachment representations. However, significant negative correlations between children and mothers’ bedtime cortisol levels and children’s attachment security were found.