Browsing by Author "Mazzoni, Giuliana"
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- Apresentação da versão portuguesa de uma escala de avaliação da susceptibilidade hipnóticaPublication . Carvalho, Cláudia Maria Constante Ferreira de; Mazzoni, Giuliana; Kirsch, Irving; Leal, Isabel PereiraA hipnose é um procedimento pouco habitual em investigação em Portugal pelo que são inexistentes instrumentos de avaliação do comportamento hipnótico devidamente adaptados à língua portuguesa, que permitam ao investigador estabelecer parâmetros de avaliação válidos e fiáveis. Neste artigo apresentamos a versão Portuguesa da escala de avaliação da susceptibilidade hipnótica Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (Bowers, 1993, 1998). A versão original do instrumento constituída por uma indução hipnótica de cerca de 20m seguida da apresentação de 12 sugestões hipnóticas foi sujeita a um processo de tradução e retroversão e a versão portuguesa resultante foi administrada a uma amostra de 707 estudantes universitários voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 49 anos. Os resultados mostram valores médios da distribuição semelhantes aos da amostra de referência, correlações com as amostras de referência altamente significativas e um valor de Alpha de Cronbach (0,62) que embora inferior ao das amostras de referência encontra-se numa zona de aceitabilidade para este tipo de instrumento. A versão portuguesa da WSGC:C proposta revela ser um instrumento com boas qualidades psicométricas passível de ser utilizado pelos investigadores interessados em avaliar a susceptibilidade hipnótica de grupos de indivíduos. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Hypnosis is an unusual procedure in Portuguese research. Therefore reliable and valid scales in Portuguese language suitable to assess hypnotic behaviour are inexistent. In this article a Portuguese version of the Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (Bowers, 1993, 1998) is presented. The original scale of a 20m standard induction procedure and 12 hypnotic suggestions was translated to Portuguese and back into English to ensure protocol fidelity. The sample consisted of 707 volunteer’s college students of both sexes, age form 17 to 49 years old. The findings show similar distribution and high significant correlations to the references samples. Although Alpha de Cronbach reliability coefficient is lower than similar coefficient in the reference samples (.62) is still acceptable for this type of scale. The Portuguese version of the WSGC:C has psychometric properties and can be utilized by Portuguese language-based researchers interested in assessing hypnotic susceptibility in group samples.
- Portuguese Norms for the Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) Scale of Hypnotic SusceptibilityPublication . Carvalho, Cláudia Maria Constante Ferreira de; Kirsch, Irving; Mazzoni, Giuliana; Leal, Isabel PereiraAbstract: Portuguese norms for the Waterloo-Stanford Group C (WSGC) scale of hypnotic susceptibility are presented. A Portuguese translation of this scale was given to 625 Portuguese college students. Score distribution, item analysis, and reliability of the WSGC are presented and compared to three North American samples. The findings show that normative data from the Portuguese sample are congruent with the reference samples. The only significant difference obtained was a lower proportion of participants scoring within the high range of hypnotic suggestibility on the WSGC.
- Suggested visual hallucinations in and out of hypnosisPublication . Mazzoni, Giuliana; Rotriquenz, Elisabetta; Carvalho, Cláudia Maria Constante Ferreira de; Vannucci, Manila; Roberts, Kathrine; Kirsch, IrvingWe administered suggestions to see a gray-scale pattern as colored and a colored pattern in shades of gray to 30 high suggestible and eight low suggestible students. The suggestions were administered twice, once following the induction of hypnosis and once without an induction. Besides rating the degree of color they saw in the stimuli differently, participants also rated their states of consciousness as normal, relaxed, hypnotized, or deeply hypnotized. Reports of being hypnotized were limited to highly suggestible participants and only after the hypnotic induction had been administered. Reports of altered color perception were also limited to high suggestibles, but were roughly comparable regardless of whether hypnosis had been induced. These data indicate that suggestible individuals do not slip into a hypnotic state when given imaginative suggestions without the induction of hypnosis, but nevertheless report experiencing difficult suggestions for profound perceptual alterations that are pheonomenologically similar to what they report in hypnosis.
- The effect of posthypnotic suggestion, hypnotic suggesttibility, and goal intentions on adherence to medical instructionsPublication . Carvalho, Cláudia Maria Constante Ferreira de; Mazzoni, Giuliana; Kirsch, Irving; Meo, Maria; Santandrea, MauraThe effects of implementation intentions and posthypnotic suggestion were investigated in 2 studies. In Experiment 1, participants with high levels of hypnotic suggestibility were instructed to take placebo pills as part of an investigation of how to best enhance compliance with medical instruction. In Experiment 2, participants with high, medium, and low levels of hypnotic suggestibility were asked to run in place, take their pulse rate before, and send an e-mail report to the experimenter each day. Experiment 1 revealed enhanced adherence as a function of both implementation intentions and posthypnotic suggestion. Experiment 2 failed to find any significant main effects but found a significant interacti on between suggestibility and the effects of posthypnotic suggestion. Posthypnotic suggestion enhanced adherence among high suggestible participants but lowered it among low suggestibles.