Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Carolina"
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- Aprender: a conceção de estudantes universitários de um curso na área da educaçãoPublication . Almeida, Camila Marta de; Freire, Sofia; Silva, Juana de Carvalho Ramos; Carvalho, CarolinaInvestigações focadas nas conceções de aprendizagem dos alunos revelam que estas diferem e que originam formas de aprender também diferentes. Algumas destas conceções são compatíveis com perspectivas mais atuais sobre o que se pretende com o ensino superior e que tipo de envolvimento se pretende dos alunos. Sabendo que as conceções sobre o que é aprender originam formas distintas de interagir com o contexto de ensino-aprendizagem, é fundamental conhecê-las de forma adequá-las às exigências da sociedade actual. Este estudo de cunho exploratório objetivou conhecer as conceções de estudantes do ensino superior sobre o que é aprender. Participaram 56 estudantes do primeiro ano de uma licenciatura na área da educação, sendo a maioria do género feminino (83,9%), com idade média de 19,5 anos (DP=1,7). Para a recolha de dados os estudantes responderam a duas questões abertas. Os dados foram analisados a partir de um conjunto de categorias prévias sobre concepções de aprendizagem utilizadas em investigações fenomenográficas. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os estudantes entendem a aprendizagem como a aquisição de conhecimentos e memorização (73% do total de respostas). Poucas respostas mencionaram os processos de construção de significados pessoais e a transformação (27% do total de respostas), sendo estes aspetos essenciais da pedagogia universitária. Assim, este estudo vem salientar a importância de se explorar a conceção de estudantes sobre o que é aprender e como se aprende, para possibilitar o desenvolvimento de pedagogias promotoras do envolvimento ativo dos estudantes e estimulando a construção de significado.
- Creating a supportive classroom environment through effective feedback: effects on students’ school identification and behavioral engagementPublication . Monteiro, Vera; Carvalho, Carolina; Santos, Natalie NóbregaPrevious research revealed the connection between students’ behavioral and emotional engagement and a supportive classroom environment. One of the primary tools teachers have to create a supportive classroom environment is effective feedback. In this study, we assessed the supportive classroom environment using the perception shared by all students from the same classroom of teachers’ use of effective feedback. We aimed to explore the effect of such an environment on students’ behavioral engagement and school identification. Using a probabilistic sample of 1,188 students from 75 classrooms across 6th, 7th, 9th, and 10th grades, we employed multilevel regression modeling with random intercept and fixed slopes. We explored the effects of both individual perceptions of teachers’ use of effective feedback and the supportive classroom environment on student engagement. The analyses identified that students who perceived that their teachers use more effective feedback had a higher level of behavioral engagement and school identification. Once we controlled the effects of these individual perceptions of teachers’ effective feedback, we still observed the effect of a supportive classroom environment on student engagement. So, in classrooms where teachers used more effective feedback creating a supportive classroom environment, students had higher school identification and behavioral engagement levels, regardless of their individual perceptions of teachers’ feedback. The association between variables remained significant even after controlling students’ characteristics (gender, nationality, mother’s level of education, history of grade retention) and classroom characteristics (grade level, type of school, number of students at grade level). Our findings support the potential of teachers’ feedback practices to foster students’ school identification and behavioral engagement to build a more inclusive school environment and value students’ diversity.
- Impact of grade retention and school engagement on student intentions to enrol in higher education in PortugalPublication . Santos, Natalie Nóbrega; Monteiro, Vera; Carvalho, CarolinaGrade retention and inequalities that derive from grade retention can influence student school trajectories and careers. Grade retention can discourage students from education, and increase school failure and dropout. This study explored the relationship between grade retention and student intentions to enrol in higher education. We also studied the role of school identification and behavioural engagement in this relationship. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,089 students (grades 6 to 10) from Portugal, one of the European countries with the highest rates of grade retention. We employed multilevel probit regression modelling with random intercept and fixed slopes to explore both the individual and school level effects of grade retention. The analyses showed that retained students had a lower probability of intent to enrol in higher education and that there was a contextual effect of the number of retained students in the school, on students' probability of intent to enrol in higher education. This association was partially explained at the individual level by students' school identification. Retained students presented lower levels of school identification, which in turn results in lower probabilities of enrolling in higher education. Student behavioural engagement was not associated with grade retention nor student intentions. Our findings suggest the need for interventions that foster students' school identification to overcome the adverse effects of grade retention.
- A intervenção do psicólogo escolar em contextos de riscoPublication . Vilarinho, Susana; Carvalho, CarolinaSerá que a intervenção de um psicólogo escolar, orientada por um Programa de Competências de Vida (PCV) numa escola com elevada taxa de insucesso escolar, pode alterar este cenário? No presente trabalho procura analisar- se o impacto do PCV nos comportamentos de 52 alunos de 13 anos (M=12.94, DP=1.23), bem como no desempenho académico. A metodologia adoptada foi de um estudo quasi experimental, onde os alunos do grupo de controlo (n=39), de 13 anos (M=12.79, DP=0.98), não foram alvo de intervenção. O PCV foi implementado durante um ano letivo pelo psicólogo escolar na presença do diretor de turma, consistiu em 30 sessões e assentou em atividades participativas, assembleias de turma mensais e trabalho de projeto. O programa foi parte integrante do currículo escolar dos alunos. Um Questionário de Competências de Vida foi aplicado aos alunos dos dois grupos, antes e após a intervenção. Compararam-se os resultados escolares e as competências de vida dos dois grupos. Os resultados indicam que o grupo de intervenção revelou maiores benefícios do que o grupo de controlo, nomeadamente no que diz respeito ao valor da média total de competências, bem como do raciocínio crítico, aprender a aprender, empatia e resiliência. Os participantes do grupo de intervenção registaram um maior sucesso académico (taxa de transição) do que os participantes do grupo de controlo. Enfatizamos as vantagens observadas para alunos em risco de trajetórias escolares de insucesso e a importância do psícologo escolar em contextos de exclusão social.
- Supporting students’ engagement with teachers’ feedback: the role of students’ school identificationPublication . Carvalho, Carolina; Santos, Natalie; António, Raquel; Martins, DulceThis study explored the link between teachers’ feedback and students’ behavioural engagement with school identification. Using a sample of 2534 students from 6th to 12th school year, we examined whether their perceptions about teachers’ feedback were related to their behavioural engagement and mediated by their school identification. We also explore whether this relation was moderated by students’ year of schooling and by the type of secondary course they were enrolled and the differences of latent means between these groups. Results confirmed the expected mediation: teachers’ feedback was associated with an increased behavioural engagement via increased school identification. Only the type of students’ secondary course moderated this relation. Students in the 12th year perceived that their teacher used less effective feedback and felt lower school identification than students in the early years of schooling. These finding illustrated the underlying mechanism through which teachers’ feedback affect students’ behavioural engagement with school.