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A alienação parental no sistema judicial português: Prevalência, comportamentos e implicações
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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos 30 anos, o aumento dos casos de alienação parental tem evidenciado o
impacto emocional e psicológico que as ações dos progenitores podem ter nas crianças. A
alienação parental refere-se ao estado mental de uma criança que rejeita um progenitor devido
à influência do outro, sendo comum em contextos de separação ou divórcio conflituosos. O
presente estudo visou compreender a alienação parental no contexto judicial português,
identificando a sua prevalência em Processos de Regulação das Responsabilidades Parentais e
de Promoção e Proteção. A amostra incluiu 36 processos judiciais do Tribunal de Família e
Menores da área metropolitana de Lisboa, envolvendo 36 crianças e 72 progenitores.
Utilizamos o Modelo de Cinco Fatores para analisar estes processos e identificar a presença de
alienação parental e o seu nível de severidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que 31% dos casos
analisados preenchiam os critérios para alienação parental. Os comportamentos alienadores
mais frequentes incluíram campanhas de difamação e criação de noções de insegurança.
Verificaram-se correlações significativas entre comportamentos alienadores e fatores como a
idade e o género dos progenitores e das crianças. Este estudo sublinha a necessidade de
protocolos claros para identificar e intervir em casos de alienação parental em Portugal. A
formação contínua dos profissionais de saúde mental e de justiça, assim como a sensibilização
da comunidade, são essenciais para proteger os direitos das crianças e promover a
responsabilidade parental partilhada. Estudos futuros devem focar-se na validação de
instrumentos de avaliação e nas perceções dos profissionais do sistema de justiça sobre a
alienação parental, visando uma intervenção mais eficaz e preventiva.
ABSTRACT: Over the past 30 years, the increase in cases of parental alienation has highlighted the emotional and psychological impact that parents' actions can have on children. Parental alienation refers to the mental state of a child who rejects one parent due to the influence of the other, and it is common in contexts of contentious separation or divorce. This study aimed to understand parental alienation within the Portuguese judicial context by identifying its prevalence in Parental Responsibility Regulation and Child Protection Processes. The sample included 36 judicial cases from the Family and Juvenile Court of the Lisbon metropolitan area, involving 36 children and 72 parents. We used the Five-Factor Model to analyse these cases and identify the presence of parental alienation and its severity level. The results showed that 31% of the analysed cases met the criteria for parental alienation. The most frequent alienating behaviours included defamation campaigns and the creation of notions of insecurity. Significant correlations were found between alienating behaviours and factors such as the age and gender of parents and children. This study underscores the need for clear protocols to identify and intervene in cases of parental alienation in Portugal. Continuous training for mental health and legal professionals, as well as community awareness, are essential to protect children's rights and promote shared parental responsibility. Future studies should focus on validating assessment tools and understanding legal professionals' perceptions of parental alienation, aiming for more effective and preventive interventions.
ABSTRACT: Over the past 30 years, the increase in cases of parental alienation has highlighted the emotional and psychological impact that parents' actions can have on children. Parental alienation refers to the mental state of a child who rejects one parent due to the influence of the other, and it is common in contexts of contentious separation or divorce. This study aimed to understand parental alienation within the Portuguese judicial context by identifying its prevalence in Parental Responsibility Regulation and Child Protection Processes. The sample included 36 judicial cases from the Family and Juvenile Court of the Lisbon metropolitan area, involving 36 children and 72 parents. We used the Five-Factor Model to analyse these cases and identify the presence of parental alienation and its severity level. The results showed that 31% of the analysed cases met the criteria for parental alienation. The most frequent alienating behaviours included defamation campaigns and the creation of notions of insecurity. Significant correlations were found between alienating behaviours and factors such as the age and gender of parents and children. This study underscores the need for clear protocols to identify and intervene in cases of parental alienation in Portugal. Continuous training for mental health and legal professionals, as well as community awareness, are essential to protect children's rights and promote shared parental responsibility. Future studies should focus on validating assessment tools and understanding legal professionals' perceptions of parental alienation, aiming for more effective and preventive interventions.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Forense
Keywords
Alienação parental Progenitor alienador Progenitor rejeitado Modelo de cinco fatores Nível de severidade Parental alienation Alienating parent Rejected parent Five-factor model Level of severity