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Atitudes acerca da morte, estratégias de coping e bem-estar mental: Estudo comparativo entre cuidadores formais e cuidadores informais
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar e comparar as atitudes acerca da morte, estratégias de coping e o bem-estar mental entre cuidadores formais e informais, considerando o impacto de variáveis sociodemográficas e contextuais. Como objetivos específicos procurou-se: (1) verificar diferenças significativas entre os grupos relativamente às três dimensões em estudo; (2) analisar associações entre atitudes acerca da morte, coping e bem-estar mental; (3) avaliar a influência das atitudes e do coping no bem-estar; (4) explorar o papel da idade, estado de saúde percebido, motivos para assumir o papel de cuidador e o grau de envolvimento; (5) analisar diferenças em função do grau de escolaridade, profissão, estado civil e nacionalidade; e (6) avaliar a associação entre o número de elementos do agregado familiar e o bem-estar mental. Participaram 217 cuidadores, dos quais 121 formais (55,8%) e 96 informais (44,2%). Os cuidadores informais recorreram frequentemente a estratégias de coping adaptativas, como a aceitação (M = 5.87; DP = 1.41) e o coping ativo (M = 5.72; DP = 1.33), enquanto os cuidadores formais apresentaram níveis superiores de bem-estar mental (M = 50.23; DP = 8.45). Nas atitudes face à morte, registaram-se diferenças significativas nas dimensões medo (t = 2.45; p = .015), mais elevada nos informais (M = 27.14; DP = 6.21), e aceitação como escape (t = 2.13; p = .034), também superior neste grupo (M = 20.45; DP = 5.74). A regressão linear indicou que as estratégias de coping tiveram uma forte influencia no bem-estar mental (𝛽 = .47; p < .001), em compração com as atitudes face à morte (𝛽 = .19; p = .042). Em síntese, os cuidadores informais recorreram a estratégias adaptativas e os formais demonstram maior estabilidade no bem-estar mental. Estes resultados sustentam a necessidade de programas diferenciados de apoio psicológico, com foco na promoção de coping adaptativo e educação para a morte, ajustados às especificidades de cada grupo.
This study aimed to analyze and compare attitudes towards death, coping strategies, and mental well-being among formal and informal caregivers, considering the impact of sociodemographic and contextual variables. The specific objectives were: (1) to verify significant differences between groups regarding the three dimensions under study; (2) to examine associations between attitudes towards death, coping, and mental well-being; (3) to assess the influence of attitudes and coping on well-being; (4) to explore the role of age, perceived health status, motives for assuming the caregiving role, and level of involvement; (5) to analyse differences according to educational levels, profession, marital status, and nationality; and (6) to evaluate the association between household size and mental well-being. A total of 217 caregivers participated, of whom 121 were formal (55.8%) and 96 informal caregivers (44.2%). Informal caregivers frequently relied on adaptive coping strategies such as acceptance (M = 5.87; DP = 1.41) and active coping (M = 5.72; DP = 1.33), while formal caregivers presented higher levels of mental well-being (M = 50.23; DP = 8.45). Regarding attitudes towards death, significant differences were observed in the dimensions fear (t = 2.45; p = .015), higher among informal caregivers (M = 27.14; DP = 6.21), and acceptance as escape (t = 2.13; p = .034), also greater in this group (M = 20.45; DP = 5.74). Linear regression indicated that coping strategies had a strong influence on mental well-being (𝛽 = .47; p < .001), comparative to attitudes towards death (𝛽 = .19; p = .042). In summary, informal caregivers used adaptative strategias, whereas formal caregivers demonstrated greater stability in well-being. These findings highlight the need for differentiated psychological support programmes, focused on promoting adaptive coping and death education, tailored to the specific needs of each group.
This study aimed to analyze and compare attitudes towards death, coping strategies, and mental well-being among formal and informal caregivers, considering the impact of sociodemographic and contextual variables. The specific objectives were: (1) to verify significant differences between groups regarding the three dimensions under study; (2) to examine associations between attitudes towards death, coping, and mental well-being; (3) to assess the influence of attitudes and coping on well-being; (4) to explore the role of age, perceived health status, motives for assuming the caregiving role, and level of involvement; (5) to analyse differences according to educational levels, profession, marital status, and nationality; and (6) to evaluate the association between household size and mental well-being. A total of 217 caregivers participated, of whom 121 were formal (55.8%) and 96 informal caregivers (44.2%). Informal caregivers frequently relied on adaptive coping strategies such as acceptance (M = 5.87; DP = 1.41) and active coping (M = 5.72; DP = 1.33), while formal caregivers presented higher levels of mental well-being (M = 50.23; DP = 8.45). Regarding attitudes towards death, significant differences were observed in the dimensions fear (t = 2.45; p = .015), higher among informal caregivers (M = 27.14; DP = 6.21), and acceptance as escape (t = 2.13; p = .034), also greater in this group (M = 20.45; DP = 5.74). Linear regression indicated that coping strategies had a strong influence on mental well-being (𝛽 = .47; p < .001), comparative to attitudes towards death (𝛽 = .19; p = .042). In summary, informal caregivers used adaptative strategias, whereas formal caregivers demonstrated greater stability in well-being. These findings highlight the need for differentiated psychological support programmes, focused on promoting adaptive coping and death education, tailored to the specific needs of each group.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento Cuidadores Formais e Informais Atitudes acerca da Morte Estratégias de Coping Bem-estar Mental Aging Formal and Informal Caregivers Attitudes towards Death Coping Strategies Mental Well-being