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A utilização de pistas verbais e visuais na recuperação de informação em contexto de entrevista forense
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo, focou-se no aumento do relato de informação, utilizando a estratégia de recuperação por categorias (RC), que se trata de uma estratégia em que a informação é recuperada através de várias categorias que se mostraram relevantes na prática forense. Devido à falta de formação dos profissionais que conduzem as entrevistas investigativas, o papel do entrevistador pode, por vezes, contaminar a informação relatada pela testemunha. Estudou-se se a introdução de uma variante da estratégia de RC – apresentar as pistas categóricas escritas numa folha, em vez de serem dadas verbalmente pelo entrevistador - aumentava a informação relatada. Para tal, os participantes visualizaram um vídeo relativo à simulação de um crime, e foram entrevistados 1 hora depois, de acordo com uma das quatro condições de entrevista presentes no estudo: Relato Livre (RL1); Relato Livre com auxílio de folha (RL2); Recuperação por Categorias (RC1); e Recuperação por Categorias com auxílio de folha (RC2). A RC mostrou ser uma técnica eficaz no aumento da informação relatada, sem comprometimento da sua precisão, quando comparada com o RL. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na quantidade de informação relatada pelos participantes entre os grupos RC1 e RC2. Sugerem-se investigações futuras sobre as variantes da técnica de RC e são discutidas as implicações do presente estudo nos contextos reais de investigações policiais.
This study, was focused on the broadning of recalling information, employing the category clustering recall (CCR) strategie, which is a strategy where information is recovered through multiple categories deemed relevant in the forensic field. Due to the lack of training of professionals conducting investigative interviews, the role of the interviewer can sometimes contaminate the information reported by the witness. It was studied whether the introduction of a variant of the CCR strategy – presenting the categorical clues written on a sheet, instead of being verbally given by the interviewer – increased the amount of reported information. To this purpose, the participants viewed a video regarding the simulation of a crime, and were interviewed 1 hour later, according to one of the four interview conditions present in the study: Free Recall (FR); Free Recall using a sheet (FR2); Category Clustering Recall (CCR1); and Category Clustering Recall using a sheet (CCR2). CCR proved to be an effective technique regarding the increase in reported information, without compromising its accuracy, when compared to FR. No significant differences were found in the amount of information reported by the participants between the CCR1 and CCR2 groups. The implications of the present study are discussed in the real contexts of police investigations as well as it is suggested future investigations on the variants of the CCR technique.
This study, was focused on the broadning of recalling information, employing the category clustering recall (CCR) strategie, which is a strategy where information is recovered through multiple categories deemed relevant in the forensic field. Due to the lack of training of professionals conducting investigative interviews, the role of the interviewer can sometimes contaminate the information reported by the witness. It was studied whether the introduction of a variant of the CCR strategy – presenting the categorical clues written on a sheet, instead of being verbally given by the interviewer – increased the amount of reported information. To this purpose, the participants viewed a video regarding the simulation of a crime, and were interviewed 1 hour later, according to one of the four interview conditions present in the study: Free Recall (FR); Free Recall using a sheet (FR2); Category Clustering Recall (CCR1); and Category Clustering Recall using a sheet (CCR2). CCR proved to be an effective technique regarding the increase in reported information, without compromising its accuracy, when compared to FR. No significant differences were found in the amount of information reported by the participants between the CCR1 and CCR2 groups. The implications of the present study are discussed in the real contexts of police investigations as well as it is suggested future investigations on the variants of the CCR technique.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Entrevista forense Relato de testemunhas Recuperação por categorias Pistas verbais e visuais Forensic interview Witnesses testimony Category clustering recall Verbal and visual clues.