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Comportamentos prossociais: O papel moderador da sensibilidade à recompensa social no bem-estar
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Abstract(s)
A prossocialidade tem sido amplamente reconhecida como um fator importante para o bem-estar subjetivo. Ainda assim, os seus mecanismos subjacentes permanecem pouco claros na literatura. O presente estudo procurou aprofundar a compreensão desta relação, explorando o papel da sensibilidade à recompensa social como possível variável moderadora desta associação. A amostra foi constituída por jovens adultos, com idades entre os 18 e os 29 anos
(N=113; M=21,9; DP=3,45), que completaram medidas de autorrelato sobre comportamentos prossociais, sensibilidade à recompensa social e bem-estar subjetivo (felicidade em particular), bem como duas tarefas experimentais: uma de comportamento prossocial e outra de
sensibilidade à recompensa social. Os resultados obtidos não confirmaram uma associação significativa entre os comportamentos prossociais e o bem-estar subjetivo, nem apoiaram a hipótese de um efeito moderador da sensibilidade à recompensa social nessa relação. No entanto, foram observadas associações positivas entre algumas dimensões da sensibilidade à recompensa social - nomeadamente a valorização da admiração, das relações sexuais e a preferência por rostos felizes - e a expressão autorrelatada de comportamentos prossociais. Estes resultados sugerem que a sensibilidade à recompensa social está implicada na manifestação de comportamentos prossociais. O presente estudo contribui para a investigação sobre a prossocialidade ao introduzir uma abordagem diferenciada da sensibilidade à recompensa social, tratada aqui como um fenómeno multidimensional. Os dados da nossa amostra apontam para associações parciais entre determinados domínios dessa sensibilidade e a prossocialidade autorrelatada, sugerindo que diferentes dimensões podem influenciar a expressão de comportamentos orientados para os outros. Estes resultados abrem caminho para novas linhas de investigação focadas nos fatores motivacionais e contextuais que podem sustentar a ação prossocial.
Prosocial behaviour has been widely recognised as an important factor in subjective well-being. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear in the literature. The present study aimed to deepen the understanding of this relationship by exploring the role of social reward sensitivity as a potential moderating variable in the relationship between prosocial behaviour and subjective well-being. Our sample consisted of emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 years (N=113; M=21,9; DP=3,45), who completed self-report measures on prosocial behaviour, social reward sensitivity, and subjective well-being (with a focus on happiness), as well as two experimental tasks: one assessing prosocial behaviour and another assessing social reward sensitivity. Our results did not confirm a significant association between prosocial behaviour and subjective well-being, nor did they support the hypothesis of a moderating effect of social reward sensitivity in this relationship. Nevertheless, positive associations were found between specific dimensions of social reward sensitivity - namely the valuation of admiration, sexual relationships, and the preference for happy faces - and self-reported prosocial behaviour. These findings suggest that certain domains of social reward may be involved in how some individuals experience or express prosocial behaviours. This study contributes to the investigation of prosociality by ntroducing a differentiated approach to social reward sensitivity, treated here as a multidimensional phenomenon. The data from our sample point to partial associations between specific domains of this sensitivity and self-reported prosociality, suggesting that different forms of social reward may influence the expression of behaviours directed towards others. These findings open avenues for future research focused on the motivational and contextual factors that might sustain prosocial action.
Prosocial behaviour has been widely recognised as an important factor in subjective well-being. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear in the literature. The present study aimed to deepen the understanding of this relationship by exploring the role of social reward sensitivity as a potential moderating variable in the relationship between prosocial behaviour and subjective well-being. Our sample consisted of emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 years (N=113; M=21,9; DP=3,45), who completed self-report measures on prosocial behaviour, social reward sensitivity, and subjective well-being (with a focus on happiness), as well as two experimental tasks: one assessing prosocial behaviour and another assessing social reward sensitivity. Our results did not confirm a significant association between prosocial behaviour and subjective well-being, nor did they support the hypothesis of a moderating effect of social reward sensitivity in this relationship. Nevertheless, positive associations were found between specific dimensions of social reward sensitivity - namely the valuation of admiration, sexual relationships, and the preference for happy faces - and self-reported prosocial behaviour. These findings suggest that certain domains of social reward may be involved in how some individuals experience or express prosocial behaviours. This study contributes to the investigation of prosociality by ntroducing a differentiated approach to social reward sensitivity, treated here as a multidimensional phenomenon. The data from our sample point to partial associations between specific domains of this sensitivity and self-reported prosociality, suggesting that different forms of social reward may influence the expression of behaviours directed towards others. These findings open avenues for future research focused on the motivational and contextual factors that might sustain prosocial action.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação da Prof.ª Doutora Inês Mares, apresentada no Ispa - Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na Especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Prossocialidade Bem-estar subjetivo Felicidade Sensibilidade à recompensa social Motivação social Jovens adultos Prosociality Subjective well-being Happiness Social reward sensitivity Social motivation Emerging adulthood