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Publication
Burnout e Empatia em Guardas Prisionais
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Existem poucas profissões que se desenvolvem em contextos tão hostis como a de guarda
prisional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teórico visa contribuir para a reflexão da profissão
de guarda prisional, explorando a relação entre dois constructos bastantes atuais, o burnout e
a empatia. Para tal, o presente estudo conta com uma amostra composta por 132 guardas
prisionais, de ambos os sexos, que exerciam as suas funções em estabelecimentos prisionais
pertencentes à zona de Lisboa, Porto e Beja.
Os níveis de burnout e de empatia foram avaliados através da Medida de Burnout de
Shirom-Melamed (MBSM) e da Escala Básica de Empatia (BES-A), respetivamente. Os
resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos/das guardas prisionais que constituem a amostra
possuem baixos níveis de empatia e de burnout, estando este grupo de profissionais mais
suscetível a experienciar sintomas de desgaste físico e cognitivo do que sintomas de exaustão
emocional. Tanto a empatia cognitiva como a empatia afetiva demonstraram ser preditores
significativos dos sintomas de burnout, sendo sugerida a possibilidade de a empatia cognitiva
atuar como fator de proteção no desenvolvimento de sintomas de burnout, nomeadamente, de
exaustão emocional.
ABSTRACT: There are few professions that are developed in such hostile contexts as prison guards. In this way, the present work aims to contribute to the reflection of the prison guard profession, exploring the relationship between two very current constructs, burnout and empathy. To this end, the present study has a sample composed of 132 prison guards, of both sexes, exercising their functions in prisons in the Lisbon, Porto and Beja areas. Levels of burnout and empathy were assessed using the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES-A), respectively. The results showed that most prison guards that make up the sample have low levels of empathy and burnout, with this profession being more susceptible to experiencing symptoms of physical and cognitive exhaustion than symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Both cognitive empathy and affective empathy proved to be significant predictors of burnout symptoms, suggesting the possibility that cognitive empathy acts as a protective factor in the development of burnout symptoms, namely emotional exhaustion.
ABSTRACT: There are few professions that are developed in such hostile contexts as prison guards. In this way, the present work aims to contribute to the reflection of the prison guard profession, exploring the relationship between two very current constructs, burnout and empathy. To this end, the present study has a sample composed of 132 prison guards, of both sexes, exercising their functions in prisons in the Lisbon, Porto and Beja areas. Levels of burnout and empathy were assessed using the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) and the Basic Empathy Scale (BES-A), respectively. The results showed that most prison guards that make up the sample have low levels of empathy and burnout, with this profession being more susceptible to experiencing symptoms of physical and cognitive exhaustion than symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Both cognitive empathy and affective empathy proved to be significant predictors of burnout symptoms, suggesting the possibility that cognitive empathy acts as a protective factor in the development of burnout symptoms, namely emotional exhaustion.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação de
Professora Doutora Andreia de Castro Rodrigues,
apresentada no Ispa –Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Forense.
Keywords
Guardas prisionais Burnout Empatia Prison guards Burnout Empathy