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A experiência do acolhimento residencial vivências, desafios e aprendizagens
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O Acolhimento Residencial constitui uma medida de proteção essencial para crianças e jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade, sendo simultaneamente um espaço de segurança e de desenvolvimento, mas também de desafios e tensões. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender de que forma os jovens que viveram em acolhimento residencial em Portugal percecionam e significam essa experiência no seu percurso de vida. Ao valorizar as suas narrativas individuais, reconhece-se a importância de uma abordagem qualitativa para aceder a experiências subjetivas que dificilmente são captadas por dados quantitativos, permitindo, de forma complementar, observar até que ponto a vivência real se aproxima das garantias previstas no quadro legal.
Foram realizadas seis entrevistas semiestruturadas a jovens adultos com experiência de acolhimento residencial, e os dados foram analisados segundo a metodologia de análise temática. O enquadramento teórico contemplou diferentes dimensões do acolhimento, incluindo as relações interpessoais, a identidade, os comportamentos de risco, as redes de apoio, a transição para a vida autónoma e o impacto das práticas institucionais no desenvolvimento global dos jovens.
A análise das narrativas revelou uma experiência complexa e ambivalente, marcada por simultâneas oportunidades de crescimento e dificuldades significativas. As relações interpessoais destacaram-se como um eixo central, oscilando entre vínculos de referência e experiências de desamparo e distanciamento emocional. No domínio da identidade, emergiram tanto trajetórias de resiliência e autoconhecimento como sentimentos de solidão e perceções de não merecimento. As redes de apoio mostraram-se diversas, com a presença de figuras familiares, pares e profissionais que continuaram a exercer papéis relevantes após o acolhimento. Verificou-se ainda que os comportamentos de risco funcionaram, em muitos casos, como estratégias de regulação emocional e influência pelos pares. A transição para a vida independente foi descrita como um momento de grande vulnerabilidade, marcado por lacunas na preparação prática e emocional. Por fim, os jovens reconheceram aprendizagens e oportunidades de desenvolvimento, mas salientaram também regras rígidas, falta de atenção individualizada, distanciamento afetivo dos profissionais e insuficiência de apoio psicológico, apontando caminhos de melhoria para um acolhimento mais humano, participativo e sensível às suas necessidades.
Residential care represents an essential child protection measure for children and young people in situations of vulnerability. It serves as both a space of safety and development, but also one marked by challenges and tensions. This study aims to understand how young adults who experienced residential care in Portugal perceive and make meaning of this experience throughout their life course. By valuing their individual narratives, the research highlights the importance of a qualitative approach as a means to access unique subjective experiences that are rarely captured by quantitative data, while also allowing an observation of how closely real experiences align with the legal guarantees established in child protection frameworks. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adults who had lived in residential care, and the data were analysed through thematic analysis. The theoretical framework explored several dimensions of the residential care experience, including interpersonal relationships, identity and self-esteem, risk behaviours, support networks, the transition to independent living, and the institutional practices that shape young people’s development. The analysis revealed a complex and ambivalent experience, simultaneously characterized by opportunities for growth and significant difficulties. Interpersonal relationships emerged as a central theme, ranging from meaningful bonds of trust to experiences of emotional detachment and lack of protection. Regarding identity, narratives reflected both resilience and self-discovery, as well as loneliness and feelings of unworthiness. Support networks appeared diverse, encompassing family members, peers, and professionals who continued to play meaningful roles after care. Risk behaviours were often described as emotional coping strategies and expressions of belonging. The transition to independent living was portrayed as a period of vulnerability, with significant gaps in practical and emotional preparation. Finally, participants recognized valuable learning experiences and opportunities for autonomy, while also highlighting rigid rules, lack of individualized attention, emotional distance from professionals, and insufficient psychological support. These insights point to the need for a more relational, participatory, and emotionally responsive approach to residential care.
Residential care represents an essential child protection measure for children and young people in situations of vulnerability. It serves as both a space of safety and development, but also one marked by challenges and tensions. This study aims to understand how young adults who experienced residential care in Portugal perceive and make meaning of this experience throughout their life course. By valuing their individual narratives, the research highlights the importance of a qualitative approach as a means to access unique subjective experiences that are rarely captured by quantitative data, while also allowing an observation of how closely real experiences align with the legal guarantees established in child protection frameworks. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with young adults who had lived in residential care, and the data were analysed through thematic analysis. The theoretical framework explored several dimensions of the residential care experience, including interpersonal relationships, identity and self-esteem, risk behaviours, support networks, the transition to independent living, and the institutional practices that shape young people’s development. The analysis revealed a complex and ambivalent experience, simultaneously characterized by opportunities for growth and significant difficulties. Interpersonal relationships emerged as a central theme, ranging from meaningful bonds of trust to experiences of emotional detachment and lack of protection. Regarding identity, narratives reflected both resilience and self-discovery, as well as loneliness and feelings of unworthiness. Support networks appeared diverse, encompassing family members, peers, and professionals who continued to play meaningful roles after care. Risk behaviours were often described as emotional coping strategies and expressions of belonging. The transition to independent living was portrayed as a period of vulnerability, with significant gaps in practical and emotional preparation. Finally, participants recognized valuable learning experiences and opportunities for autonomy, while also highlighting rigid rules, lack of individualized attention, emotional distance from professionals, and insufficient psychological support. These insights point to the need for a more relational, participatory, and emotionally responsive approach to residential care.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Acolhimento residencial Proteção de crianças e jovens Jovens institucionalizados Relações interpessoais Autonomia Identidade pessoal Redes de apoio Comportamentos de risco Transição para a vid Residential care Child and youth protection Institutionalized youth Interpersonal relationships Autonomy Personal identity Support networks Risk behaviours Transition to independent living.