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Publication
“Mamã, mamã, cuidado! Está ali a polícia!” - Formação de atitudes face à polícia nas crianças : Atitudes implícitas Vs. atitudes explícitas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As crianças são influenciadas pelos contextos onde se encontram e pelas figuras
significativas da sua vida, bem como, pelos grupos a que pertencem consoante a sua vontade
de pertença ou de ligação a certas pessoas. Estas figuras significativas podem ser os seus pais
ou os seus professores e têm atitudes acerca dos polícias que podem ser passadas aos filhos ou
aos alunos consoante os casos. Existem dois tipos de atitudes: as explícitas e as implícitas,
podendo ser diferentes uma da outra. As implícitas são transmitidas por meios não-verbais e
de forma inconsciente, não dependendo da situação em que se encontram, ao contrário das
explícitas que são transmitidas de forma calculada tendo em conta o contexto e os objectivos
da situação. Segundo a literatura, as crianças têm maior tendência para assimilar a informação
transmitida de forma implícita do que de forma explícita, utilizando essa informação para
desenvolver as suas próprias atitudes implícitas e explícitas, que até por volta dos 10 anos, são
muito semelhantes. Como tal, espera-se que as atitudes, quer explícitas quer implícitas, das
crianças em relação à polícia sejam semelhantes entre si e estejam correlacionadas com as
atitudes implícitas dos pais e professores, podendo, no entanto, haver uma maior relação com
os pais. Espera-se ainda, que as atitudes implícitas dos pais e professores sejam diferentes das
suas atitudes explícitas, sendo as primeiras negativas e as ultimas mais positivas. Para este
estudo serão utilizados 10 professores com os seus respectivos alunos e encarregados de
educação, que farão um IAT (Implicit Association Test) para testar as suas atitudes implícitas,
onde se conjugará fotografias de polícias e não polícias com palavras associadas a castigo e
protecção, assim como a um questionário com 3 medidas, para testar as atitudes explícitas
ABSTRACT: Children are influenced by context where they leave and significant references in their lives, as well as, the groups they belong to, depending on their will of belonging or attachment to certain people. These significant figures may be their parents and teachers and have attitudes about the police that can be transmitted to children or students. There are two attitude types: the explicit and implicit ones, witch may be different from each other. The Implicit is transmitted by non-verbal means and unconsciously, not depending on the situation they are living, differently to the explicit, which is transmitted thru a calculated way taking into account the context and objectives of each situation. According to the literature, children have higher trend to absorb the information conveyed implicitly than explicitly, using this information to develop their own implicit and explicit attitudes, which, until around the age of 10 years old, are very similar. Therefore, it is expected that attitudes express or implicit related to children are similar between both and police are correlated with the implicit attitudes of parents and teachers may, however, be a higher linkage with parents. It is expected that the implicit attitudes of parents and teachers are different from their explicit attitudes, which the first are negative and the second are more positive. To implement this study will be approached 10 teachers with their students and correspondent parents, who will fulfil a IAT (Implicit Association Test) in order to test their implicit attitudes, that we will combine police officers and non-police photographs with words associated with punishment and protection, and a questionnaire will be used with 3 measures to test the explicit attitudes
ABSTRACT: Children are influenced by context where they leave and significant references in their lives, as well as, the groups they belong to, depending on their will of belonging or attachment to certain people. These significant figures may be their parents and teachers and have attitudes about the police that can be transmitted to children or students. There are two attitude types: the explicit and implicit ones, witch may be different from each other. The Implicit is transmitted by non-verbal means and unconsciously, not depending on the situation they are living, differently to the explicit, which is transmitted thru a calculated way taking into account the context and objectives of each situation. According to the literature, children have higher trend to absorb the information conveyed implicitly than explicitly, using this information to develop their own implicit and explicit attitudes, which, until around the age of 10 years old, are very similar. Therefore, it is expected that attitudes express or implicit related to children are similar between both and police are correlated with the implicit attitudes of parents and teachers may, however, be a higher linkage with parents. It is expected that the implicit attitudes of parents and teachers are different from their explicit attitudes, which the first are negative and the second are more positive. To implement this study will be approached 10 teachers with their students and correspondent parents, who will fulfil a IAT (Implicit Association Test) in order to test their implicit attitudes, that we will combine police officers and non-police photographs with words associated with punishment and protection, and a questionnaire will be used with 3 measures to test the explicit attitudes
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Atitudes implícitas Atitudes explícitas Crianças Figuras significativas e polícia Implicit attitudes Explicit attitudes Children Significant figures Policemen