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Approche historique et sociologique du milieu carcéral en France: Comment comprendre les difficultés d’ouverture de la politique pénitentiaire française (1789-1945)
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
L’approche historique et sociologique du milieu
carcéral en France depuis le début du XIXéme siècle
nous permet de mieux comprendre les difficultés
d’ouverture de la politique pénitentiaire française à la
fin du XXéme siécle. Pendant toute la première moitié
du XIXéme siécle, la société des prisions prépare une
pénitentiaire. On croit à l’emprisonnement cellulaire et
à l’amendement des criminels par le travail. De 1850 à
1945 nous assistons à une orientation répressive de la
politique pénitentiaire. Les réformes pénitentiaires
proposées par la société des prisons ne sont pas appliquées:
absence de reconstruction de nouvelles prisons,
échec du «tout cellulaire», omniprésence des employeurs.
Le consensus de la majorité des criminologues
français autour des approches biologiques lombrosiennes
ou lacassagnienne favorise la pratique de la colonisation
pénale: le criminel est irrécupérable. Il faut attendre
1945 pour que l’amendement et le reclassement
soit de nouveau placé au centre de la politique pénitentiaire
française.
ABSTRACT: Since early 19th century, the historic and sociologic approaches to prison environment in France allow us to better understand the opening difficulties of French prison policy at the end of the 20th century. During the first half of the 19th century, prison society prepared a succession of reforms that allowed choosing the best prison system. Confinement imprisonment and amendment of criminals by work was the policy believed to be more effective. From 1850 to 1945, prison policy took a repressive orientation. Prison reforms, which are proposed by the prisons society, are not applied: lack of rebuilding of new prisons, failure of «all confinement», omnipresence of employers. The consensus of the majority of the French criminologists around lombrosians or lacassians biologic approaches favours the practice of criminal colonization: the criminal is beyond redemption. We must wait until 1945 to see again amendment and rehabilitation as central issues in French prison policy.
ABSTRACT: Since early 19th century, the historic and sociologic approaches to prison environment in France allow us to better understand the opening difficulties of French prison policy at the end of the 20th century. During the first half of the 19th century, prison society prepared a succession of reforms that allowed choosing the best prison system. Confinement imprisonment and amendment of criminals by work was the policy believed to be more effective. From 1850 to 1945, prison policy took a repressive orientation. Prison reforms, which are proposed by the prisons society, are not applied: lack of rebuilding of new prisons, failure of «all confinement», omnipresence of employers. The consensus of the majority of the French criminologists around lombrosians or lacassians biologic approaches favours the practice of criminal colonization: the criminal is beyond redemption. We must wait until 1945 to see again amendment and rehabilitation as central issues in French prison policy.
Description
Keywords
Milieu carcéral Politique pénitentiaire Reclassement Prison environment Prison policy Rehabilitation
Citation
Análise Psicológica, XX(3), 207-306
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada