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O comportamento de partilha depende das características do destinatário? Um estudo com crianças em idade pré-escolar
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo investiga se o comportamento de partilha, varia em função das características dos destinatários, em crianças de idade pré-escolar. Participaram neste estudo cento e oitenta e seis crianças de três, quatro e cinco anos. O comportamento de partilha foi avaliado através do Jogo do Ditador, onde os participantes tiveram a oportunidade de doar autocolantes a nove destinatários hipotéticos: neutro, moralmente merecedores (partilha, não empurra), moralmente não merecedores (partilha, empurra), em necessidade (com poucos brinquedos, triste) e sem necessidade (com muitos brinquedos, contente). Quando comparadas com as crianças de três e quatro anos, as crianças de cinco anos deram mais autocolantes aos destinatários com poucos brinquedos, que partilha, triste e contente. Além disso, contrariamente às crianças de três e quatro anos, que não apresentaram diferenças na forma como partilharam autocolantes com os destinatários, as crianças de cinco anos deram mais autocolantes aos destinatários com poucos brinquedos, contente e menos aos destinatários que não partilha e que empurra. No seu conjunto, estes resultados indicam que as crianças de três e quatro anos ainda não utilizaram pistas contextuais, para adaptarem as suas decisões de partilha, ao contrário das crianças de cinco anos. São discutidas implicações destes resultados para a compreensão do comportamento de partilha.
ABSTRACT: The present study investigates whether the sharing behaviour depends on recipients characteristics, in children of pre-school age. One hundred and eighty-sixth children of three, four and five years participated in this study. Sharing behaviour was evaluated through the Dictator's Game, in which participants had the opportunity of giving stickers to nine hypothetical recipients: neutral, morally deserving (share, not push), morally undeserving (not share, push), in need (sad, with fewer toys) and not in need (happy, with many toys). When compared to the three and four-year-olds, five-year-olds gave more stickers to recipients with fewer toys, who share, sad and happy. In addition, unlike children aged three and four, who did not show differences in how they shared stickers with recipients, five-year-olds gave more stickers to recipients with fewer toys, happy and less to recipients who do not share and who push. Taken together, these results indicate that three and four-year-olds have not yet used contextual clues to adapt their sharing decisions, unlike the five-year-olds. The implications of these results for the understanding of sharing behavior are discussed further.
ABSTRACT: The present study investigates whether the sharing behaviour depends on recipients characteristics, in children of pre-school age. One hundred and eighty-sixth children of three, four and five years participated in this study. Sharing behaviour was evaluated through the Dictator's Game, in which participants had the opportunity of giving stickers to nine hypothetical recipients: neutral, morally deserving (share, not push), morally undeserving (not share, push), in need (sad, with fewer toys) and not in need (happy, with many toys). When compared to the three and four-year-olds, five-year-olds gave more stickers to recipients with fewer toys, who share, sad and happy. In addition, unlike children aged three and four, who did not show differences in how they shared stickers with recipients, five-year-olds gave more stickers to recipients with fewer toys, happy and less to recipients who do not share and who push. Taken together, these results indicate that three and four-year-olds have not yet used contextual clues to adapt their sharing decisions, unlike the five-year-olds. The implications of these results for the understanding of sharing behavior are discussed further.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário, para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Comportamento prosocial Altruísmo Partilha Jogo do ditador Prosocial behavior Altruism Sharing Dictator game