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Estado de espírito e raciocínio: Em paradigma de tarefa dupla
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O objectivo deste estudo é clarificar a relação entre estados de espírito e raciocínio,
através de tarefas de raciocínio, com recurso ao paradigma de tarefa dupla, tendo por base as
teorias dualistas do processamento de informação e o Efeito do Estado de Espírito no
Processamento de Informação (MIPE).
O MIPE postula que o estado de espírito positivo associa-se ao processamento de
informação heurístico e o estado de espírito negativo leva ao processamento analítico
(Garcia-Marques, 1998).
Recorrendo a tarefas de raciocínio com distintos níveis de dificuldade (cf. Johnson-
Laird & Byrne, 1991), esperava-se que na tarefa fácil (inferências transitivas) os
participantes, recorrendo a um processamento heurístico, apresentassem um bom
desempenho nas tarefas principal e secundária, mantendo ou melhorando o estado de
espírito, enquanto que na tarefa difícil (silogismos categóricos) se esperava que os
participantes, recorrendo a um processamento analítico, tivessem um pior desempenho na
tarefa secundária e um estado de espírito pior após a resolução da tarefa principal.
Verificou-se que o grupo com a tarefa principal fácil distribuiu os recursos
cognitivos por ambas as tarefas, apresentando um bom desempenho em ambas, regulando
ligeiramente o estado de espírito para se adaptar à tarefa. O grupo com a tarefa principal
difícil ao distribuir os recursos por ambas as tarefas ficou com recursos insuficientes para
desempenhar com sucesso a tarefa principal, apresentando apenas um bom desempenho na
tarefa secundária, piorando ligeiramente o estado de espírito para neutro.
Conclui-se que a activação dos modos de processamento, e consequentemente os
estados de espírito, dependem dos recursos disponíveis.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between moods and reasoning, through reasoning tasks, using a dual task paradigm, taking into account the dual theories of information processing and the Mood Information Processing Effect (MIPE). The MIPE states that positive mood is associated to the heuristic information process and negative mood leads to an analytic process (Garcia-Marques, 1998). Using reasoning tasks with different difficulty levels (cf. Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991), it was expected that in the easy task (transitive inferences) the subjects, using a heuristic process, would present a good performance in both main and secondary tasks, maintaining or improving their mood, whereas in the difficult task (categorical syllogisms) it was expected that the subjects, using an analytic process, would have a worse performance in the secondary task, and a worse mood after solving the main task. It was found that the group with the easy main task allocated the cognitive resources to both tasks, presenting a good performance in both, slightly adjusting the mood to adapt to the task. The group with the difficult main task, allocating their resources to both tasks, ended with insufficient resources to successfully perform the main task, presenting only a good performance on the secondary task, slightly worsening their mood to a neutral state. It is concluded that the activation of the processing modes, and hence the moods, depend on available resources.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between moods and reasoning, through reasoning tasks, using a dual task paradigm, taking into account the dual theories of information processing and the Mood Information Processing Effect (MIPE). The MIPE states that positive mood is associated to the heuristic information process and negative mood leads to an analytic process (Garcia-Marques, 1998). Using reasoning tasks with different difficulty levels (cf. Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991), it was expected that in the easy task (transitive inferences) the subjects, using a heuristic process, would present a good performance in both main and secondary tasks, maintaining or improving their mood, whereas in the difficult task (categorical syllogisms) it was expected that the subjects, using an analytic process, would have a worse performance in the secondary task, and a worse mood after solving the main task. It was found that the group with the easy main task allocated the cognitive resources to both tasks, presenting a good performance in both, slightly adjusting the mood to adapt to the task. The group with the difficult main task, allocating their resources to both tasks, ended with insufficient resources to successfully perform the main task, presenting only a good performance on the secondary task, slightly worsening their mood to a neutral state. It is concluded that the activation of the processing modes, and hence the moods, depend on available resources.
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Palavras-chave
Estado de espírito Raciocínio Processamento heurístico Raciocínio Processamento analítico Tarefa dupla Mood Reasoning Heuristic process Analytic process Dual task