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Publication
Homo-quê? Expressão de atitudes implícitas e explicitas face à homoparentalidade – Moderação motivacional
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Abstract(s)
Dando uso a uma questão social que está ligada ao preconceito e discriminação –
a homoparentalidade - tentamos compreender de que forma as atitudes face a esta
questão se diferenciam em termos da sua implícitude/explícitude. Utilizamos a
primação (priming) de uma imagem estereotípica de homossexual como condição de
acesso a medidas implícitas, e variáveis motivacionais de forma a compreender o papel
que desempenham na expressão destas atitudes. No Estudo I utilizamos uma forma de
motivação quantitativa, manipulada através da relevância de uma tarefa, esperando
diferenças na relação de atitudes implícitas e explícitas entre as condições de elevada e
baixa relevância. No Estudo II pensamos a motivação em termos qualitativos,
manipulada através do envolvimento da pessoa (self vs social), partindo do pressuposto
que diferenças de conteúdo de motivação possam induzir diferenciação atitudinal, e que
tal poderá igualmente afectar a relação entre as atitudes implícitas e explícitas.
Pensamos ainda sobre o papel da motivação interna e externa para responder sem
preconceito na expressão atitudinal implícita e explícita. Os nossos resultados mostramse
por vezes inconclusivos, embora possam sugerir padrões interessantes de analisar. De
forma geral, não encontrámos atitudes particularmente negativas face ao homem
homossexual enquanto agente educativo ou agente parental, tendo os resultados
mostrado um efeito contrário ao por nós esperado. Todas as motivações utilizadas
sugeriram ou evidenciaram um papel moderador na manifestação atitudinal, ainda que
nem sempre translúcido ou convergente com o que inicialmente pudéssemos ter
pensado. Assim, enquanto tentamos clarificar o campo da psicologia atitudinal e
reflectimos sobre este preconceito social, novas questões parecem surgir, evidenciando
a pluralidade e complexidade destas áreas de estudo.
Using a social issue that is linked to prejudice and discrimination – gay parenting – we try to understand in which way(s) attitudes towards it show differentiation in terms of its implicit and explicitness. We use the priming of a stereotypical image as a way of accessing implicit attitudes, and we give use to different kinds of motivation to try to understand the role they play in the expression of these attitudes. In Study I we think motivation in terms of its quantitativeness, manipulating it through prominence, and waiting differences on the implicit-explicit attitudes relation between high and low prominence. In Study II we think motivation in qualitative terms, manipulating it through the involvement of a person (self vs social), and proposing that differences of the motivation content could induce attitudinal differeciation, and that could also affect the implicit-explicit attitudes relation. Our results had showed, sometimes, inconclusive, although might suggest interesting patterns for a post-analysis. Generally, we haven’t found particularly negative attitudes toward gay men as fathers, or to the sexual orientation of a gay male educator, since data showed a positive effect, inverse to the one we expected. All our motivations suggested or showed a moderating role regarding attitudinal manifestation, although not always clear or convergent with our initial thoughts. Thus, while trying to clarify the field of attitudinal psychology and reflect about this particular prejudice, new issues seem to emerge, showing the complexity of these study areas.
Using a social issue that is linked to prejudice and discrimination – gay parenting – we try to understand in which way(s) attitudes towards it show differentiation in terms of its implicit and explicitness. We use the priming of a stereotypical image as a way of accessing implicit attitudes, and we give use to different kinds of motivation to try to understand the role they play in the expression of these attitudes. In Study I we think motivation in terms of its quantitativeness, manipulating it through prominence, and waiting differences on the implicit-explicit attitudes relation between high and low prominence. In Study II we think motivation in qualitative terms, manipulating it through the involvement of a person (self vs social), and proposing that differences of the motivation content could induce attitudinal differeciation, and that could also affect the implicit-explicit attitudes relation. Our results had showed, sometimes, inconclusive, although might suggest interesting patterns for a post-analysis. Generally, we haven’t found particularly negative attitudes toward gay men as fathers, or to the sexual orientation of a gay male educator, since data showed a positive effect, inverse to the one we expected. All our motivations suggested or showed a moderating role regarding attitudinal manifestation, although not always clear or convergent with our initial thoughts. Thus, while trying to clarify the field of attitudinal psychology and reflect about this particular prejudice, new issues seem to emerge, showing the complexity of these study areas.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.
Keywords
Homoparentalidade Atitudes implícitas/ explícitas Preconceito Envolvimento social/ self Motivação interna/ externa para responder sem preconceito Gay parenting Implicit/ explicit attitudes Prejudice Self/ social involvement Internal/ external motivation to respond without prejudice