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Publication
“Se quiseres podes dançar...”: Um estudo sobre sincronia e altruísmo em crianças de idade pré-escolar
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os comportamentos pró-sociais, como partilhar, confortar e ajudar, que podem ser definidos
genericamente como qualquer comportamento que tem por objetivo beneficiar outra pessoa e
que envolvem custo para o próprio, surgem em idades muitos precoces. A literatura recente
tem proposto que cada uma destas formas de comportamento pró-social tem uma trajetória de
desenvolvimento específica. Contudo, sabe-se ainda pouco sobre as trajetórias de
desenvolvimento de cada um desses comportamentos, em particular ao longo da primeira
infância. Para mais, sabendo que o comportamento altruísta se desenvolve em todas as
crianças, não é ainda claro que fatores podem explicar o facto de nem todas as crianças serem
altruístas de igual forma. O presente estudo, com um desenho observacional e exploratório,
tem como objetivo investigar o papel da sincronia entendida como percursor da empatia, no
desenvolvimento dos comportamentos pró-sociais, em particular, nos comportamentos de
partilha. Mais concretamente, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar de que forma é
que a empatia está associada aos comportamentos de partilha. Participaram neste estudo 80
crianças de idades pré-escolares (3 e 5 anos), a quem foram propostas tarefas de partilha,
seguidas de situações de sincronia/assincronia. Verificou-se então que os valores totais da
partilha (i.e., o número de autocolantes totais que cada criança partilhou) aumentaram no
grupo das crianças que dançaram. Salienta-se assim a importância da construção e aplicação
de programas de tomada de consciência corporal para as crianças, com o objetivo
reconhecerem a existência do outro enquanto ser diferente de si, possuidor de estados
emocionais próprios e únicos.
ABSTRACT: Pro-social behaviors such as sharing, comforting, and helping, which can be generically defined as any behavior that aims to benefit another person and that involve cost to one's own, arise at very early ages. Recent literature has proposed that each of these forms of pro-social behavior has a specific developmental trajectory. However, little is known about the developmental trajectories of each of these behaviors, particularly in early childhood. In addition, knowing that altruistic behavior develops in all children, it is not yet clear which factors may explain why not all children are altruistic in the same way. The present study aims to investigate the role of synchrony as the precursor of empathy, in the development of pro-social behaviors, in particular, in the behaviors of sharing. More specifically, I was interested in exploring how empathy is associated with sharing behaviors. Participants in this study were 80 preschool children (3- and 5-year-old), to whom sharing tasks were proposed, followed by synchrony / asynchrony situations. It was then found that the total amount of the sharing (i.e., the number of total stickers each child shared) was higher in the group of children who danced, as compared to the group of non-dancers. The importance of the construction and application of corporal awareness programs for children is emphasized, with the objective of recognizing the differentiation self-other as entities that possess their own unique emotional states.
ABSTRACT: Pro-social behaviors such as sharing, comforting, and helping, which can be generically defined as any behavior that aims to benefit another person and that involve cost to one's own, arise at very early ages. Recent literature has proposed that each of these forms of pro-social behavior has a specific developmental trajectory. However, little is known about the developmental trajectories of each of these behaviors, particularly in early childhood. In addition, knowing that altruistic behavior develops in all children, it is not yet clear which factors may explain why not all children are altruistic in the same way. The present study aims to investigate the role of synchrony as the precursor of empathy, in the development of pro-social behaviors, in particular, in the behaviors of sharing. More specifically, I was interested in exploring how empathy is associated with sharing behaviors. Participants in this study were 80 preschool children (3- and 5-year-old), to whom sharing tasks were proposed, followed by synchrony / asynchrony situations. It was then found that the total amount of the sharing (i.e., the number of total stickers each child shared) was higher in the group of children who danced, as compared to the group of non-dancers. The importance of the construction and application of corporal awareness programs for children is emphasized, with the objective of recognizing the differentiation self-other as entities that possess their own unique emotional states.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Comportamento pró-social Altruísmo Empatia Sincronia Partilha Crianças Pro-social behavior Altruism Empathy Synchrony Sharing Children