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Alterações climáticas: ambiente familiar, coaching e coping dos cuidadores enquanto preditores do coping da criança
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As alterações climáticas são consideradas um stressor ambiental, sendo as crianças um grupo
particularmente vulnerável aos impactos psicológicos desta ameaça. Assim, é essencial estudar o
seu processo de coping face a este stressor e, particularmente, os fatores que o influenciam. A
presente dissertação procurou compreender o papel da modelagem (coping dos cuidadores),
coaching (sugestões de coping dadas pelos cuidadores às crianças) e ambiente familiar (coesão,
expressividade e conflito) neste processo, testando a aplicabilidade do Modelo de Socialização
do Coping (Kliewer et al., 1994) ao caso das alterações climáticas. Por meio de questionários,
incluindo dois adaptados e validados psicometricamente neste projeto, foram identificadas as
estratégias de coping mais comummente reportadas numa amostra de díades cuidador-criança (n
= 99). Verificou-se que as crianças apresentavam distress médio face a esta ameaça, preferindo
as estratégias de wishful thinking, apoio social, regulação emocional e resolução do problema.
Os cuidadores mostraram preocupação elevada face às alterações climáticas, recorrendo
sobretudo ao wishful thinking e à resolução do problema. A nível da influência dos cuidadores
no coping da criança, o modelo hipotetizado verificou-se ajustado à predição das estratégias de
autocrítica, heteroculpabilização e wishful thinking. Foram construídos modelos reduzidos para
as restantes estratégias, surgindo pelo menos uma dimensão da modelagem, coaching ou
ambiente familiar enquanto preditores significativos para todas, excetuando a resignação. Os
resultados foram discutidos face a estudos prévios sobre a socialização do coping e de coping
com as alterações climáticas, salientando a importância de programas de treino parental e de
educação, formal e informal, sobre este tema.
ABSTRACT: Climate change is widely recognized as an important environmental stressor, and children seem to be particularly vulnerable to its psychological effects. Therefore, it is essential to study their coping process with this stressor and, particularly, the factors that influence it. This dissertation aimed to understand the role of modeling (caregiver’s coping), coaching (caregiver’s coping suggestions to their children) and family environment (cohesion, expressiveness and conflict) in this process, testing the applicability of the Socialization of Coping Model (Kliewer et al., 1994) to climate change. Questionnaires, including two adapted and psychometrically validated in this study, were used to identify the most commonly reported coping strategies in a sample of childcaregiver dyads (n = 99). Children reported medium distress associated with this threat, preferring the wishful thinking, social support, emotional regulation and problem-solving strategies. The caregivers showed high levels of worry about climate change, using mostly wishful thinking and problem-solving coping. Regarding the influence of caregivers on children’s coping, the hypothesized model was found to be well adjusted to the prediction of self-criticism, blaming others and wishful thinking. Reduced models were constructed for the remaining strategies, and at least one dimension of modeling, coaching or family environment was shown to be a significant predictor for every one of them, except resignation. The results were discussed in relation to previous work on the socialization of coping and on coping with climate change, highlighting the importance of parent training and formal and informal educational programs on this theme.
ABSTRACT: Climate change is widely recognized as an important environmental stressor, and children seem to be particularly vulnerable to its psychological effects. Therefore, it is essential to study their coping process with this stressor and, particularly, the factors that influence it. This dissertation aimed to understand the role of modeling (caregiver’s coping), coaching (caregiver’s coping suggestions to their children) and family environment (cohesion, expressiveness and conflict) in this process, testing the applicability of the Socialization of Coping Model (Kliewer et al., 1994) to climate change. Questionnaires, including two adapted and psychometrically validated in this study, were used to identify the most commonly reported coping strategies in a sample of childcaregiver dyads (n = 99). Children reported medium distress associated with this threat, preferring the wishful thinking, social support, emotional regulation and problem-solving strategies. The caregivers showed high levels of worry about climate change, using mostly wishful thinking and problem-solving coping. Regarding the influence of caregivers on children’s coping, the hypothesized model was found to be well adjusted to the prediction of self-criticism, blaming others and wishful thinking. Reduced models were constructed for the remaining strategies, and at least one dimension of modeling, coaching or family environment was shown to be a significant predictor for every one of them, except resignation. The results were discussed in relation to previous work on the socialization of coping and on coping with climate change, highlighting the importance of parent training and formal and informal educational programs on this theme.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Alterações climáticas Socialização do coping Modelagem Coaching parental Ambiente familiar Climate change Coping socialization Modeling Parental coaching Family environment