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Publication
O papel mediador da regulação emocional na relação entre a vinculação e a empatia
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A teoria da vinculação descreve como o historial de interações com o(s) cuidador(es) impacta a forma como as crianças criam e consolidam as representações mentais positivas de si mesmas (confiantes na capacidade para lidar com as necessidades dos outros) e dos outros (como confiáveis e bem-intencionados), tornando mais fácil vê-los como merecedores de empatia, enquanto regulam eficazmente as próprias emoções e comportamentos.
O principal objetivo deste estudo é analisar o papel da vinculação (à mãe e ao pai) no desenvolvimento da empatia afetiva e cognitiva das crianças. A regulação emocional das crianças e a empatia dos pais também serão considerados. Participaram 218 crianças (50.9% meninas) entre 8-12 anos (M=9.10; DP=1.07) e ambos os seus pais (54.6% mães). As crianças relataram sobre a vinculação com os pais (usando o SSQ) e a própria empatia (QACE). Os pais relataram sobre a regulação emocional dos filhos (ERC) e a própria empatia (QCAE).
Os resultados demonstraram que ambas as relações de vinculação foram preditores significativos da empatia infantil (β=0.27, p<0.001 e β=0.21, p<0.01 respetivamente, F(5,212)=11.99, p<0.001 , R2=.18), e que nem a empatia dos pais nem a regulação emocional da criança atingiram significância (β=.05, p=.44 e β=.03, p=.66 respetivamente). Especificamente, a empatia cognitiva das crianças foi predita tanto pelo porto-abrigo materno como pela base segura paterna (β=0.28, p<0.01 e β=0.22, p<0.01 respetivamente, F(8,209)=6.11, p<0.001, R2=0.19). Enquanto que, na empatia afetiva da criança apenas o porto-abrigo materno teve significância (β=0.20, p<0.05, F(8,209)=4.63, p<0.001, R2=0.15).
As especificidades das interações criança-cuidador serão consideradas na discussão.
Attachment theory describes how the history of interactions with the caregiver(s) impact the way that children create and consolidates a positive mental representation of the self (confident in their ability to handle others’ needs) and of the others (as competent, dependable, and well-intentioned) making it easier to see them as deserving of empathy, while effectively regulating their own emotions and behavior. The main objective of the study is to examine the role of attachment (to mother and father) in the development of children’s affective and cognitive empathy. Children's emotion regulation and parents’ empathy will also be considered. Participants were 218 children (50.9% girls) between 8 and 12 years old (M= 9.10; SD= 1.07) and their parents (mother 54.6%). Children report their attachment relationship to both parents (using the SSQ) and their own empathy (QACE). Whereas parents report their child’s emotion regulation (ERC) and on their own empathy (QCAE). Results showed that both attachment relationships to mother and to father were significant predictors of child empathy (β=.27, p<.001 and β=.21, p<.01 respectively, F(5,212)=11.99, p<.001, R2=.18), and neither parents’ empathy or child emotion regulation reach significance (β=.05, p=.44 and β=.03, p=.66 respectively). More specifically, children’s cognitive empathy was predicted by both mother as safe haven and the father as a secure base (β=.28, p<.01 and β=.22, p<.01 respectively, F(8,209)=6.11, p<.001, R2=.19). While for children’s affective empathy only mother as safe haven reach significance (β=.20, p<.05, F(8,209)=4.63, p<.001, R2=.15). Mother-child and father-child interactions specificities will be taken into consideration in the discussion.
Attachment theory describes how the history of interactions with the caregiver(s) impact the way that children create and consolidates a positive mental representation of the self (confident in their ability to handle others’ needs) and of the others (as competent, dependable, and well-intentioned) making it easier to see them as deserving of empathy, while effectively regulating their own emotions and behavior. The main objective of the study is to examine the role of attachment (to mother and father) in the development of children’s affective and cognitive empathy. Children's emotion regulation and parents’ empathy will also be considered. Participants were 218 children (50.9% girls) between 8 and 12 years old (M= 9.10; SD= 1.07) and their parents (mother 54.6%). Children report their attachment relationship to both parents (using the SSQ) and their own empathy (QACE). Whereas parents report their child’s emotion regulation (ERC) and on their own empathy (QCAE). Results showed that both attachment relationships to mother and to father were significant predictors of child empathy (β=.27, p<.001 and β=.21, p<.01 respectively, F(5,212)=11.99, p<.001, R2=.18), and neither parents’ empathy or child emotion regulation reach significance (β=.05, p=.44 and β=.03, p=.66 respectively). More specifically, children’s cognitive empathy was predicted by both mother as safe haven and the father as a secure base (β=.28, p<.01 and β=.22, p<.01 respectively, F(8,209)=6.11, p<.001, R2=.19). While for children’s affective empathy only mother as safe haven reach significance (β=.20, p<.05, F(8,209)=4.63, p<.001, R2=.15). Mother-child and father-child interactions specificities will be taken into consideration in the discussion.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Psicologia na especialidade de Psicologia e Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento.
Keywords
Vinculação Empatia infantil Regulação emocional Empatia dos pais Attachment Child’s empathy; Emotion regulation Parent’s empathy