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Research Project
Diferentes facetas do Retraimento Social e Depressão: Influência da qualidade e das estratégias de Regulação Emocional.
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Loneliness profiles in adolescence: Associations with sex and social adjustment to the peer group
Publication . Ribeiro, Olívia; Freitas, Miguel; Rubin, Kenneth; Santos, António J.
Loneliness is a complex feeling associated with socio-emotional adjustment difficulties, particularly during adolescence.
Such construct is often treated as unidimensional rather than multidimensional, moreover, studies consisting of both peer and
family contexts, are very scarce. Adopting a multidimensional and person-centered approach, our study aimed to identify
distinct clusters of adolescents with similar patterns of social and emotional loneliness with peers and family and to examine
their differences in peer reported social adjustment, controlling for sex. Self-report and peer nomination data were collected
from 691 participants (48.36% boys) aged between 11 and 16 years (M = 12.95, SD = 1.15). After controlling for age and
preference for solitude, results revealed four clusters with specific configurations of loneliness forms and with different
associations with positive or negative features of social adjustment to peer group. Two clusters exhibited adaptive profiles
(lower vulnerability to maladjustment): less-lonely, and family-related loneliness profile, in which adolescents were viewed
by peers as exhibiting more prosocial behaviors. The other two clusters displayed maladaptive profiles (higher vulnerability
to maladjustment): more-lonely, and peer-related loneliness profile, in which adolescents were more likely viewed by their
peers as socially withdrawn, peer-excluded, and peer-victimized. Additionally, our results revealed sex differences, with
girls in the more-lonely profile showing significant higher social loneliness related to peer group, and higher social and
emotional loneliness in family context. Our results highlight the importance of recognizing different forms of loneliness
given the differences in adjustment to social contexts observed, shedding further light on this complex construct
Multidimensional Factor Structure of the Modified Child Rearing Practices Report Questionnaire (CRPR-Q) in a sample of Portuguese mothers : a bifactor approach
Publication . Ribeiro, Olívia; Guedes, Maryse; Veríssimo, Manuela; Rubin, Kenneth; Santos, António J.
Abstract: Parental attitudes toward child socialization influence their child-rearing practices, the quality of
parent-child relationships, and children’s developmental outcomes. The Modified Child Rearing
Practices Questionnaire (CRPR-Q) has been widely used to assess parenting practices across children’s
development. However, the few studies investigating its two-factorial structure (nurturance and
restrictiveness) have shown inconsistent findings and have not explored measurement invariance
across children’s sex and age groups. The aims of this study were to (1) further investigate the factorial
structure of the CRPR-Q, by using bifactor solutions (b-confirmatory factor analysis [B-CFA] and
b-exploratory structural equation modeling [B-ESEM]) and (2) examine the measurement invariance
of CRPR-Q across children’s sex and age groups. A community sample of 589 Portuguese mothers of
children aged 3 to 15 years completed the CRPR-Q. Our findings revealed that the B-ESEM model
best fit the data. A clear differentiation between the two a priori factors (nurturance and restrictiveness)
was found. However, our findings suggest the need to control for content specificity and rely on a
broader perspective regarding the nurturance factor. Measurement invariance was observed across
children’s sex but not across children’s age groups. These findings contribute to a more in-depth
understanding of the underlying relationships among the CRPR-Q items.
Prosocial behavior and friendship quality as moderators of the association between anxious withdrawal and peer experiences in Portuguese young adolescents
Publication . Freitas, Miguel; Santos, António; Ribeiro, Olívia; Daniel, João; Rubin, Kenneth
Anxious withdrawal has been associated consistently with adverse peer experiences. However, research has also shown that there is significant heterogeneity among anxiously withdrawn youth. Further, extant research has focused primarily on negative peer experiences and outcomes; little is known about the more successful social experiences of anxiously withdrawn youth. We explored the possibility that the association between anxious withdrawal and group-level peer outcomes (exclusion, victimization, and popularity) might be moderated by peer-valued behaviors (prosocial behavior), friendship relational attributes, and sex, even after accounting for the effects of being involved in a reciprocal best friendship. Peer nominations of psychosocial functioning, and self-reports of best friendships and friendship quality were collected in a community sample of 684 Portuguese young adolescents. Regression analyses revealed that more anxious withdrawn adolescents showed worst group-level peer outcomes, but that: (a) prosocial behavior buffered the positive association between anxious-withdrawal and peer exclusion, particularly for boys; (b) higher friendship quality was associated with lower risk of peer victimization for more anxious-withdrawn girls, but with a higher risk for more anxious withdrawn boys; and (c) higher friendship conflict buffered the positive association between anxious withdrawal and peer exclusion for boys. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of peer-valued characteristics on the peer group experiences of anxiously withdrawn young adolescents.
Children’s play profiles: Contributions from child’s temperament and father’s parenting styles in a portuguese sample
Publication . Santos, Carolina; Monteiro, Lígia Maria Santos; Ribeiro, Olívia; Vaughn, Brian
Using a sample of Portuguese preschool-age children, we aimed to identify different play profiles based on teachers' descriptions of social and non-social behaviors, as well as characterize them in terms of children's characteristics (sex and temperament) and fathers' parenting styles (e.g., warmth and involvement or punitive strategies). The 243 children were distributed across four profiles (identified through a two-stage cluster analysis): Solitary/Reticent, Social Rough, Social, and Social Solitary. A univariate effect was found between play profiles and children's effortful control, as well as fathers' punitive strategies. In addition, a significant multivariate interaction was found between child's sex and the Solitary/Reticent and Social Rough profiles for father's punitive strategies. In this sample, children with social play profiles seem to use diverse types of behaviors during their interactions with peers and in being adjusted within the group. As children's early experiences with peers are a central context for healthy development, a better understating of the diversity of play profiles and its predictors is important for early interventions.
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Funding agency
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Funding programme
OE
Funding Award Number
SFRH/BD/134132/2017