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- Psychometric properties of the university student engagement inventory among Chinese studentsPublication . She, Long; Khoshnavay Fomani, Fatemeh; Maroco, J. P.; Allen, Kelly-Ann; Sharif Nia, Hamid; Rahmatpour, PardisAbstract Purpose: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, student engagement in online learning has been a critical issue for all educational institutions. The university student engagement inventory (USEI) is the most used scale for assessing the construct of student engagement. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the USEI among 1504 Chinese university students who completed a survey through an online platform between December 2020 and January 2021. Design/methodology/approach: In this cross-sectional study, content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale were assessed. Findings: The results supported the three-factor model with acceptable goodness of fit (χ2 (71) = 369.717, p = 0.13, χ2/df = 5.207, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.967, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.960, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.958, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.030, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (90% CI) = 0.053 [0.049, 0.057]), good internal consistency and construct reliability (Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficient >0.70) and strong convergent validity. Also, the measurement invariance was confirmed across gender. Originality/value: This study showed that the 3-factor structure of USEI with Chinese university students had good construct validity, internal consistency and reliability. It could help measure student engagement in online learning in China. © 2023, Long She, Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani, João Marôco, Kelly-Ann Allen, Hamid Sharif Nia and Pardis Rahmatpour.
- The relationship between fatigue, pruritus, and thirst distress with quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis: a mediator model to test concept of treatment adherencePublication . Sharif-Nia, Hamid; Maroco, J. P.; Sivarajan Froelicher, Erika; Barzegari, Saeed; Sadeghi, Niloofar; Fatehi, RezaHemodialysis is a conservative treatment for end-stage renal disease. It has various complications which negatively afect quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to examine the relationship between fatigue, pruritus, and thirst distress (TD) with QOL of patients receiving hemodialysis, while also considering the mediating role of treatment adherence (TA). This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2023 on 411 patients receiving hemodialysis. Participants were consecutively recruited from several dialysis centers in Iran. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the Thirst Distress Scale, the Pruritus Severity Scale, the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, and the modifed version of the Greek Simplifed Medication Adherence Questionnaire for Hemodialysis Patients. Covariance-based structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The structural model and hypothesis testing results showed that all hypotheses were supported in this study. QOL had a signifcant inverse association with fatigue, pruritus, and TD and a signifcant positive association with TA. TA partially mediated the association of QOL with fatigue, pruritus, and TD, denoting that it helped counteract the negative association of these complications on QOL. This model explained 68.5% of the total variance of QOL. Fatigue, pruritus, and TD have a negative association with QOL among patients receiving hemodialysis, while TA reduces these negative associations. Therefore, TA is greatly important to manage the associations of these complications and improve patient outcomes. Healthcare providers need to assign high priority to TA improvement among these patients to reduce their fatigue, pruritus, and TD and improve their QOL. Further studies are necessary to determine the most efective strategies for improving TA and reducing the burden of complications in this patient population.
- Student satisfaction and academic efficacy during online learning with the mediating effect of student engagement: A multi-country studyPublication . Sharif Nia, Hamid; Maroco, J. P.; She, Long; Khoshnavay Fomani, Fatemeh; Rahmatpour, Pardis; Stepanovic Ilic, Ivana; Mohammad Ibrahim, Maryam; Muhammad Ibrahim, Fatima; Narula, Dr Sumit; Esposito, Giovanna; Gorgulu, Ozkan; Naghavi, Navaz; Pahlevan Sharif, Saeed; Allen, Kelly-Ann; Kaveh, Omolhoda; Reardon, JonathanThe COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented changes to educational institutions, forcing their closure and a subsequent shift to online education to cater to student learning requirements. However, successful online learning depends on several factors and may also vary between countries. As such, this cross-sectional study sought to investigate how engagement of university students, a major driver of online learning, was influenced by course content, online interaction, student acceptance, and satisfaction with online learning, as well as self-efficacy across nine countries (China, India, Iran, Italy, Malaysia, Portugal, Serbia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a questionnaire-based approach, data collected from 6,489 university students showed that student engagement was strongly linked to perception of the quality of the course content and online interactions (p < .001). The current study also indicated that online interactions are a major determinant of academic efficacy but only if mediated by engagement within the online learning context. A negative correlation between student engagement and satisfaction with online learning was found, demonstrating the importance of students being engaged behaviorally, emotionally, and cognitively to feel satisfied with learning. Academic efficacy and student satisfaction were explained by course content, online interaction, and online learning acceptance, being mediated by student engagement. Student satisfaction and, to a lesser degree academic efficacy, were also associated with online learning acceptance. Overall, the structural equation model was a good fit for the data collected from all nine countries (CFI = .947, TLI = .943; RMSEA = .068; SRMR = .048), despite differences in the percentage variations explained by each factor (no invariance), likely due to differences in levels of technology use, learning management systems, and the preparedness of teachers to migrate to full online instruction. Despite limitations, the results of this study highlight the most important factors affecting online learning, providing insight into potential approaches for improving student experiences in online learning environments.
- Psychometric properties of the Greek simplified medication adherence questionnaire among Iranian hemodialysis patientsPublication . Sharif-Nia, Hamid; Alikari, Victoria; Maroco, João; Fatehi, Reza; Hoseinzadeh, Esmaeil; Nowrozi, PooryaPatients suffering from chronic kidney failure ultimately need kidney replacement therapies, such as hemodialysis. Adherence to treatment in these patients can play a central role in improving health levels and feelings of well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the modified version of the Greek Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire in hemodialysis patients. In a methodological study carried out in 2024, a sample of 411 hemodialysis patients was selected using a convenience sampling method. The GR-SMAQ-HD utilized in the study was translated, and its psychometric properties were evaluated through assessments of construct validity, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Furthermore, the study examined the internal consistency of the scale to ensure its reliability. The mean age of the participants was 59.37 (SD = 12.99) years. The results of the tetrachoric correlation matrix with Varimax with Kaiser Normalization rotation using the first random dataset (n = 205) extracted three factors accounting for 74.4% of the variance comprising 8 items. The results of CFA showed that the data fit the model. As for construct reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, CR, AIC, and MaxR for all constructs were greater than 0.7, demonstrating good internal consistency and construct reliability. In the overall population, the mean score for treatment Adherence was 5.61 (SD = 1.95, 95% CI 5.42, 5.80). Invariance analysis shows that the model has strong measurement invariance between sex ($ΔCFI= − 0.001, ΔRMSEA= − 0.004$). The findings affirm the appropriateness of employing the Persian iteration of the GR-SMAQ-HD as a dependable and valid instrument for assessing adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients. GR-SMAQ-HD is crucial for ensuring that patients follow their prescribed treatment regimens effectively.
- University Student Engagement Inventory: Validation in the indian online learning contextPublication . Sharif-Nia, Hamid; Maroco, J. P.; She, Long; Narula, Dr Sumit; Ma, Lan; Kaveh, Omolhoda; Rahmatpour, Pardis; Ghahrani, NassimObjective: This study aims to evaluate sources of validity and reliability of the University Student Engagement Inventory among Indian Students. Method: The data of this study was collected from 518 Indian university students in the design of a cross-sectional study from May to June 2022. Then the validity and reliability of the inventory were assessed. Results: The results showed that all three factor models indicated good evidence of construct validity (TLI = 0.960, CFI = 0.967), NFI = 0.960, and SRMR = 0.043), and reliability. The internal consistency of all three factors was >0.7. Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, it was found that the concept of university student engagement in Indian students is a concept with three sub-concepts and 15 items. For more learning, academic progress, and development, as well as obtaining better educational results, student participation is important. Significance Statement: Considering the importance of students’ engagement in improving their performance and learning, it is necessary to evaluate it. Since, in other countries, the psychoanalysis of the USEI tool has also been discussed; in this study, the researchers investigated the validity and reliability of student engagement tools in India.
- Psychometric evaluation of Persian version of Diabetes Acceptance Scale (DAS)Publication . Najafi Ghezeljeh, Tahereh; Sharif Nia, Hamid; Bagheri, Hossein; Abbasi, Ali; Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki, Sahar; Amiri Largani, Hossein; Maroco, JoãoBackground: Acceptance of diabetes is a psychological adaptation to the potential limitations of the disease. Poor acceptance of diabetes impairs efective self-management of diabetes, leading to worsening metabolic control. This study aimed at determining the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Diabetes Acceptance Scale. Methods: This cross-sectional methodological study was performed on diabetic patients in Iran in 2021. The ques tionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and Diabetes Acceptance Scale. The questionnaire was translated into Persian through the forward–backward translation method. The face validity and content validity were performed qualitatively and quantitatively. Exploratory (n=200) and confrmatory (n=200) factor analysis were performed to evaluate the validity of the structure. Internal consistency and temporal stability were estimated to determine reliability. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on the polychoric correlation matrix obtained three factors: Rational dealing, Resentment and Avoidance, which explained 68.8% of the total DAS variance. Confrmatory factor analysis showed that the 3-fractor model had a good ft to a second independent data set. Finally, Ordinal Cronbach’s alpha coefcient was 0.96, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively for the Rational dealing, Resentment, and Avoidance factor. Also, using intraclass correlation coefcient, the stability of the instrument was 0.97. Conclusion: Based on the fndings of this study, the Persian version of DAS has sufcient validity and reliability to measure the admission of Iranian diabetic patients
- Psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among Iranian populationPublication . Sharif Nia, Hamid; She, Long; Froelicher, Erika Sivarajan; Maroco, J. P.; Moshtagh, Mozhgan; Hejazi, SimaBackground The resilience construct is considered a personal trait composed of multiple aspects. Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale is a standard tool composed of fve factors and 25 items. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of this scale. Methods In this cross-sectional study, after the scale translation, the factorial structural validity was assessed via the confrmatory factor analysis with 70 180 samples. Internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity were assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, maximum reliability, and Average Variance Extracted. The discriminant validity was assessed using Heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations matrix and also, measure invariance was evaluated. Results The original fve-factor model had good model ft indices but due to low factor loading of item 2 and 20, the model was modifed. The Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability for four factors were above 0.7 (except for factor 5). The convergent validity for all fve factors were achieved. Between factors 1 with 2 and 4, 2 with 3 and 4 discriminant validity was not established (correlations>0.9) and the results suggested that there might be a secondorder latent construct behind these factors. Therefore, a second-order assessment was performed. The results of the second-order latent construct assessment showed a good goodness-of ft and strong measurement invariance for both men and women. Conclusion The 23-item version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a reliable and valid scale to measure resilience as a complex construct in the Iran context
- A psychometric lens for e-learning: Examining the validity and reliability of the persian version of University Students’ Engagement Inventory (P-USEI)Publication . Sharif Nia, Hamid; Azad Moghddam, Hamed; Maroco, J. P.; Rahmatpour, Pardis; Allen, Kelly-Ann; Kaur, Harpaljit; Kaveh, Omolhoda; Gorgulu, Ozkan; Pahlevan Sharif, SaeedStudent engagement is a critical component of e-learning, which became an important focus for most academic institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. University students’ engagement is measured using various scales with diferent subscales. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the University Student Engagement Inventory (P-USEI). A cross-sectional methodology study was conducted among Iranian university students (n =667) from April to May 2020. After forward–backward translation, the content, and construct validity, and reliability of the scale were assessed. The results obtained from the confrmatory factor analysis confrmed that the P-USEI has three factors: cognitive, emotional, and behaviour. The fndings of the study supported the adequate reliability, factorial, convergent, and discriminant validities of P-USEI in a sample of Iranian students. The P-USEI dimensions have predictive value for important academic variables that can be generalized by developing the research through a psychometric evaluation on student engagement.
- Psychometrics evaluation of the university student engagement inventory in online learning among Arab studentsPublication . Sharif-Nia, Hamid; Maroco, J. P.; Rahmatpour, Pardis; Ghahrani, Nassim; Muhammad Ibrahim, Fatima; Mohammad Ibrahim, Maryam; Kaveh, OmolhodaAim Student’ engagement is a predictor of various educational outcomes, and it is a key factor in perceived learning. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) among students of Arab universities. Methods In this cross-sectional methodological study 525 Arab university students participated. Data was collected from December 2020 to January 2021. The confirmatory factor analysis used for construct validity, reliability and Invariance analysis for Sex were evaluated. Results Confirmatory factor analysis indices confirmed the good model fit to the data (CFIscl=0.977, NFIscl=0.974, TLIscl=0.972, SRMR = 0.036, RMSEAscl=0.111, n = 525). All tested models showed strong invariance of the USEI between male and females. There was also evidence of convergent (AVE > 0.7 for all the scales) and discriminant validity (HTMT > 0.75 for all scales). Reliability evidence for the USEI measures in the sample of Arabic students was high (αordinal and ω above 0.86). Conclusion The results of this study support the validity and reliability of the USEI with 15 items and 3 factors and demonstrate the importance of students’ engagement in the learning process, academic progress, and self-directed learning.