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- Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessnessPublication . Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Lenzi, Michela; Disperati, Francesca; Ornelas, José; Shinn, MarybethThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas, experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change. Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis, and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.
- Factors associated with providers’ work engagement and burnout in homeless services: A cross‐national studyPublication . Lenzi, Michela; Santinello, Massimo; Gaboardi, Marta; Disperati, Francesca; Vieno, Alessio; Calcagnì, Antonio; Greenwood, Ronni; Rogowska, Aleksandra; Wolf, Judith; Loubiere, Sandrine; Beijer, Ulla; Bernad, Roberto; Vargas-Moniz, Maria; Ornelas, José; Spinnewijn, Freek; Shinn, MarybethThe complexity of homeless service users' characteristics and the contextual challenges faced by services can make the experience of working with people in homelessness stressful and can put providers' well-being at risk. In the current study, we investigated the association between service characteristics (i.e., the availability of training and supervision and the capability-fostering approach) and social service providers' work engagement and burnout. The study involved 497 social service providers working in homeless services in eight different European countries (62% women; mean age = 40.73, SD = 10.45) and was part of the Horizon 2020 European study "Homelessness as Unfairness (HOME_EU)." Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), findings showed that the availability of training and supervision were positively associated with providers' work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. However, results varied based on the perceived usefulness of the training and supervision provided within the service and the specific outcome considered. The most consistent finding was the association between the degree to which a service promotes users' capabilities and all the aspects of providers' well-being analyzed. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for how configuration of homeless services can promote social service providers' well-being and high-quality care.
- Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessnessPublication . Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Lenzi, Michela; Disperati, Francesca; Ornelas, José; Shinn, MarybethThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas, experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change. Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis, and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.
- Homeless adults’ recovery experiences in housing first and traditional services programs in seven european countriesPublication . Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Manning, M; O' Shaughnessy, Branagh; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Loubiere, Sandrine; Spinnewijn, Freek; Lenzi, Michela; Wolf, Walter; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Källmen, Håkan; Ornelas, José; Monteiro, Maria Fátima Jorge; Almas, Inês; Duarte, Teresa; Disperati, Francesca; Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Vieno, Alessio; Marques, Rita P.; Carmona, Maria; Nave, Américo; Rivero, Borja; Julián, Martin; Zmaczynska–Witek, Barbara; Katarzyna, Skałacka; Rogowska, Aleksandra; Schel, Sandra; Peters, Yvonne; Van Loenen, Tessa; Raben, Liselotte; Beijer, Ulla; Blid, Mats; Bispo, Teresa; Cruz, Tiago; Pereira, Carla; Auquier, Pascal; Petit, Leon; Tinland, AurelieAcross Europe, as governments turn to housing-led strategies in attempts to reverse rising rates of homelessness, increasing numbers of Housing First (HF) programs are being implemented. As HF programs become more widespread, it is important to understand how service users experience them compared to the more prevalent traditional treatment-first approach to addressing long-term homelessness. Although there is a large body of research on service users' experiences of Housing First compared to treatment-first in North American contexts, comparatively less is known about how these two categories of homeless services are experienced in the European context. In a correlational and cross-sectional study, part of a larger examination of homelessness in Europe, participants (n = 520) engaged with either HF (n = 245) or traditional services (TS; n = 275) programs in seven countries completed measures of their experiences of services (consumer choice, housing quality, and service satisfaction) and recovery (time in independent housing, psychiatric symptoms, and community integration). Across the seven countries, participants engaged with HF programs reported experiencing more consumer choice, better perceived housing quality, and more satisfaction with services than participants engaged in TS programs. Participants in HF programs also reported a greater proportion of time in independent accommodation, fewer psychiatric symptoms, and more community integration. Varying patterns of association between experiences of services and recovery outcomes were observed. Findings indicate HF consistently predicts greater recovery than TS across diverse sociopolitical and economic contexts. Implications of findings for configurations of homeless services and homeless services policy are discussed.
- Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessness.Publication . Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Lenzi, Michela; Disperati, Francesca; Ornelas, José; Shinn, MarybethThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas, experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change. Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis, and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.
- Working with people experiencing homelessness in EuropePublication . Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Disperati, Francesca; Lenzi, Michela; Vieno, Alessio; loubiere, sandrine; João Vargas Moniz, Maria; Spinnewijn, Freek; Greenwood, Ronni Michelle; Wolf, Judith R.; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Blid, Mats; Ornelas, José; Shinn, MarybethIn Europe, the widespread transition from the Traditional Staircase (TS) model to the Housing First (HF) model is transforming the way social service providers work with people experiencing homelessness. This study examined social service providers’ perspectives in both models regarding factors that facilitate or hinder their work. Data were collected through 17 photovoice projects involving 81 social service providers from eight European countries. The results show factors affecting social service providers’ work at three levels: systemic, organizational, and individual. Professionals in TS and HF identified similar topics; however, TS providers discussed more obstacles to work. Implications for practice are discussed.
- Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless servicesPublication . Greenwood, Ronni; O'Shaughnessy, Branagh R.; Manning, Rachel; Vargas-Moniz, Maria; Sacchetto, Beatrice; Ornelas, José; Jorge-Monteiro, Maria F.; Almas, Inês; Duarte, Teresa; Disperati, Francesca; Gaboardi, Marta; Lenzi, Michela; Santinello, Massimo; Vieno, Alessio; Marques, Rita P.; Carmona, Maria; Nave, Américo; Bernad, Roberto; Rivero, Borja; Julien, Martin; Bokszczanin, Anna; Kalinowska-Witek, Barbara; Katarzyna, Skałacka; Rogowska, Aleksandra; Schel, Sandra; Peters, Yvonne; vanLoenen, Tessa; Raben, Liselotte; Wolf, Judith R.; Beijer, Ulla; Blid, Mats; Källmen, Håkan; Bispo, Maria Teresa; Cruz, Tiago; Pereira, Carla; Auquier, Pascal; Petit, Pascal; Loubière, Sandrine; Tinland, AurélieBackground Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is, in turn, an important indicator of their efectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities (MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity. Methods We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with either Housing First (n=245) or treatment as usual (n=320). Results Exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure: community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services. Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.
- Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessnessPublication . Gaboardi, Marta; Santinello, Massimo; Lenzi, Michela; Disperati, Francesca; Ornelas, José; Shinn, MarybethThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas, experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change. Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis, and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.
- Home as a base for a Well-Lived Life: Comparing the capabilities of homeless service users in housing first and the staircase of transition in EuropePublication . O' Shaughnessy, Branagh; Manning, Rachel; Greenwood, Ronni; João Vargas Moniz, Maria; Loubiere, Sandrine; Spinnewijn, Freek; Gaboardi, Marta; Wolf, Walter; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Blid, Mats; Ornelas, JoséNussbaum’s Central Capabilities refer to the elements of a well-lived life, and many adults who experience homelessness are deprived of these capabilities. The study aim was to investigate whether service users experience different homeless services as affording or constraining capabilities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with homeless service users (n = 77) in Housing First (HF) and staircase services (SS) in eight European countries. We used thematic analysis to identify three themes: autonomy and dependency, the relational impact of living arrangements, and community interaction and stigma. While SS participants were able to address their bodily integrity and health, their higherorder capabilities were constrained by their homeless situations. HF participants described home as a base from which they could enact a wide range of capabilities indicative of a well-lived life. We conclude that housing-led service models with appropriate supports are key to affording service users’ capabilities. Practical and policy implications are discussed.
- Goals and principles of providers working with people experiencing homelessness: A comparison between housing first and traditional staircase services in eight european countriesPublication . Gaboardi, Marta; Lenzi, Michela; Disperati, Francesca; Santinello, Massimo; Vieno, Alessio; Tinland, Aurélie; Moniz, Maria João Vargas; Spinnewijn, Freek; O' Shaughnessy, Branagh; Wolf, Judith R; Bokszczanin, Anna; Bernad, Roberto; Beijer, Ulla; Ornelas, José; Shinn, MarybethThe implementation and adaptation of the Housing First (HF) model represented profound changes the structure and delivery, goals, and principles of homeless services. These features of homeless services directly influence providers, their work performance and the clients' outcomes. The present research, conducted in eight European countries, investigated how social providers working in HF or TS (Traditional Staircase) describe and conceptualize the goals and the principles of their services. Data were collected through 29 focus group discussions involving 121 providers. The results showed that HF and TS had similar and different goals for their clients in the following areas: support, social integration, satisfaction of needs, housing, and well-being. HF providers emphasized clients' autonomy and ability to determine their personal goals, with housing being considered a start on the path of recovery, while TS were more focused on individual clients' basic needs with respect to food, health and finding temporary accommodations. HF providers privileged the person-centered approach and housing as a right, while TS providers were more focused on helping everyone. Implications of the results are discussed as suggestions both for practice and for research.