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- Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic contextPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Hipólito, João; Ros, Antonia; Nunes, O.The COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people's lives due to the fear of getting infected and having the disease, as well as the necessary prevention and containment measures. University students were one of the most affected groups, as they were forced to cope with significant life changes. However, not all displayed symptoms of psychological distress, which means that internal resources such as emotional regulation and resilience may have acted as protective variables. This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent to which the relationship between emotion regulation and stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience in a sample of university students. Results showed that emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with lower mental health. Some resilience dimensions mediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐self mediating all associations. Planned future mediated the association between emotion regulation and depression, family cohesion mediated the relation between emotion regulation and stress, and social resources mediated the association of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSD by suppressing the direct positive relationship. These results highlight the relevance of resilience as a key resource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, and changes that arise during stressful periods such as a pandemic.
- Emotion regulation in dementia caregiving: The role of neuropsychiatric symptoms and attachment orientationPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, João; Nunes, O.; Tomé Pires, CatarinaFamily caregivers are usually the main source of support for persons living with dementia, being exposed to a loved one’s suffering, which can lead to experiencing strong and negative emotions. This study aimed to identify factors capable of explaining individual differences in the way caregivers regulate their emotions. This cross-sectional study included 78 informal caregivers (M = 64.84 years; SD = 13.32) and 84 controls (non-caregivers) (M = 77 years; SD = 7.59). Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), attachment orientations, and emotion regulation were measured using self-report scales. Caregivers of persons living with dementia used more expressive suppression in comparison to non-caregivers. NPS and attachment avoidance were associated with expressive suppression. Moderation analyses showed that NPS only predicted expressive suppression when attachment avoidance was low or medium. The present study showed that caregivers are more likely to suppress their emotions in the presence of NPS, especially those with lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance. Psychological interventions targeting emotion regulation should be offered especially to caregivers that face NPS of persons living with dementia and present lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance.
- Attachment orientations and family functioning: The mediating role of emotion regulation.Publication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, J.; Nunes, O.Attachment insecurity has been found to be associated with poor family functioning. The mechanisms underlying this link, however, are less explored. This study examines the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in the association between attachment orientations and family functioning. Self-report scales measuring attachment, family functioning, and emotion regulation were administered to 132 adults (58% women; 57.63 years). Results showed that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with poor family functioning. Furthermore, emotion suppression, but not positive reappraisal, was found to partially mediate the association between attachment insecurity (both anxiety and avoidance) and perceived family functioning. Findings suggest that emotion regulation seems to play a role in the impact that attachment orientations may have on family functioning.
- Emotion goals, emotion regulation, and mental health: A mediational hypothesisPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, João; Nunes, O.Objective Until recently, studies have focused their attention on the different ways individuals regulate their emotions. What remains to be known are the reasons underlying individuals’ emotion regulation choices and their consequences. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to provide preliminary evidence on individual differences in how emotion goals, emotion regulation strategy choice, and individuals’ mental health are associated. Method A sample of 400 Portuguese adults from the community was used. Results Pro-hedonic goals were associated with the use of less suppression, more emotion communication, and more positive reappraisal, which in turn were associated with better mental health. Contra-hedonic goals were associated with the use of more suppression and less positive reappraisal, which in turn were associated with worse mental health. Finally, impression management goals were associated with the use of more suppression and more rumination, and less emotion communication, which in turn were associated with worse mental health. Conclusions Overall, our findings seem to suggest that emotion goals are linked to individuals’ mental health via emotion regulation strategies. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Emotion regulation has important implications for the individuals’ psychological well-being. (2) Emotion goals are likely to influence emotion regulation strategy choice. (3) Emotion goals seem to influence individual’s psychological well-being. What this topic adds: (1) Pro-hedonic goals were associated with the use of less suppression, more emotion communication, and more positive reappraisal which in turn were associated with better mental health. (2) Contra-hedonic goals were linked to depression and anxiety via the use of more suppression and less positive reappraisal. (3) Impression management goals were linked to depression, anxiety, and stress via the use of more suppression, more rumination, and less emotion communication.
- Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic contextPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Hipólito, João; Ros, Antónia; Nunes, O.The COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people'slives due to the fear of getting infected and having thedisease, as well as the necessary prevention and contain-ment measures. University students were one of the mostaffected groups, as they were forced to cope withsignificant life changes. However, not all displayedsymptoms of psychological distress, which means thatinternal resources such as emotional regulation andresilience may have acted as protective variables. Thiscross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent towhich the relationship between emotion regulation andstress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stressdisorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience ina sample of university students. Results showed thatemotion regulation strategies were positively associatedwith lower mental health. Some resilience dimensionsmediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐selfmediating all associations. Planned future mediated theassociation between emotion regulation and depression,family cohesion mediated the relation between emotionregulation and stress, and social resources mediated theassociation of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSDby suppressing the direct positive relationship. ThesePsychol Schs. 2024;61:304–328.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pits304 | © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This manuscript comprises original, unpublished material and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The primary data have not beenpublished previously nor accepted for publication. results highlight the relevance of resilience as a keyresource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, andchanges that arise during stressful periods such as apandemic.
- Attachment, emotion regulation, and burnout among university students: a mediational hypothesisPublication . Marques, Hugo; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Nunes, O.; Hipólito, João; Brandão, TâniaThe prevalence of burnout among university students is increasing with consequences for their academic performance. Attachment theory, as a theory of affect regulation and interpersonal relationships, may be an important framework that helps to explain why some students experience academic burnout while others do not. This study aims to examine the links between attachment orientations and levels of academic burnout and to explore the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in this relationship. This cross-sectional study included 205 students from different Portuguese universities. Multiple mediation models conducted in PROCESS showed that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with higher levels of personal and academic-related burnout. Additionally, rumination and suppression mediated the association between attachment anxiety and burnout while putting into perspective and suppression mediated the association between attachment avoidance and burnout. Results are discussed in the light of attachment theory and clinical implications are provided to prevent academic-related burnout.
- Structural empowerment and mental health in healthcare professionals : the role of civilityPublication . Ribeiro, Luisa; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Laneiro, Tito; Lai, Amanda ElizabethAbstract: Quality of the work environment is a factor that promotes workers’ mental health and it’s a present concern for the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. There is a need to understand the factors that can promote better mental health at work and under which circumstances structural empowerment represents a working environment that allows workers’ development, low rates of incivility and positive effects on mental health. The present study aims to verify in which conditions structural empowerment has a positive effect on workers’ mental health, through the mediating role of civility. To that purpose, we have applied the Portuguese versions of WCS, CWEQ-II and the mental health scale from MOS SF-36v2 to a sample of 303 health care professionals in a public-private hospital located in the Greater Lisbon. The results of this study reveal that structural empowerment has a direct positive effect both on workers’ mental health and on workplace civility. However, the indirect effect of structural empowerment on mental health through civility is only effective for health professionals with longer tenure.
- Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic contextPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Hipólito, João; Ros, Antonia; Nunes, O.The COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people's lives due to the fear of getting infected and having the disease, as well as the necessary prevention and containment measures. University students were one of the most affected groups, as they were forced to cope with significant life changes. However, not all displayed symptoms of psychological distress, which means that internal resources such as emotional regulation and resilience may have acted as protective variables. This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent to which the relationship between emotion regulation and stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience in a sample of university students. Results showed that emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with lower mental health. Some resilience dimensions mediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐self mediating all associations. Planned future mediated the association between emotion regulation and depression, family cohesion mediated the relation between emotion regulation and stress, and social resources mediated the association of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSD by suppressing the direct positive relationship. These results highlight the relevance of resilience as a key resource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, and changes that arise during stressful periods such as a pandemic
- The impact of caregiving on informal caregivers of people with dementia: Family functioning, burden, and burnoutPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Nunes, O.; Hipólito, J.; Tomé Pires, CatarinaCaregiving is a complex occupation, with a signifcant impact for informal caregivers (IC). Stress-process models propose a framework that considers that this impact depends on primary and secondary stressors, but also on the IC situation appraisal. This work aimed to verify: whether being, or not, an IC of an individual with dementia infuenced the relationship between family functioning and burnout; the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms of the individual with dementia and IC burnout and whether the IC burden and perceived family functioning had a mediating role in such relationship. This crosssectional study investigated diferences in family functioning and its association with burnout between IC and non-IC. For IC specifcally, the study examined a mediation model to explore the possibility of neuropsychiatric symptoms indirectly afecting IC burnout through the impact on family functioning and burden. Measures included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the McMaster Family Assessment Device, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and the Zarit Burden Interview. Results showed an association between poorer family function and high burnout, specifcally in IC. They also showed that burden mediated the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and burnout. The fndings ofer a signifcant contribution to the growing knowledge about the relationship between stressors associated with informal caregiving in dementia context, such as neuropsychiatric symptoms and its outcomes, like burnout.
- Attachment orientations, emotion goals, and emotion regulation.Publication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, J.; Nunes, O.ABSTRACT: While research has linked attachment to emotion regulation (ER), little is known about associations between attachment and what individuals want to feel (i.e., emotion goals), something that has been found to influence ER strategy choice. In this study, we examined the links between attachment, emotion goals, and emotion regulation. A total of 605 participants from the community were included. They filled out self-report scales on attachment, emotion goals, and ER strategies. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Direct effects showed a link between attachment avoidance and fewer pro-hedonic goals, more suppression and fewer emotion communication, and between attachment anxiety and fewer pro-hedonic goals, more pro-social, performance, and impression management goals, and more suppression and rumination. Indirect effects showed that attachment avoidance was associated with less emotion communication and positive reappraisal and more suppression through fewer pro-hedonic goals. Attachment anxiety was associated with more rumination and more suppression through fewer impression management goals; attachment anxiety was also associated with more suppression through fewer pro-hedonic goals and more performance goals. These findings highlight the role of attachment as an important antecedent of emotion goals.