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- How couple’s relationship lasts over time? A model for marital satisfactionPublication . Abreu-Afonso, José; Ramos, Maria Meireles; Garcia, Inês; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraHigh rates of divorce seem related to low marital satisfaction levels; however, there is still a lack of a model that can help understand the couple's resilience and fragility throughout the life cycle. This research explores the role of communication patterns, their own and partner's motivation for conjugality, cohesion and flexibility within a couple, and several sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., stage of the family life cycle) that can explain marital satisfaction. A sample of 331 Portuguese in a marital relationship completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and marital satisfaction measures, communication and conflict management competencies, cohesion and flexibility, and motivation. Adequate statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Both measurement and structural model performed in the study presented a good fit, with five significant predictors of marital satisfaction (that accounted for 85% of the variability): intrinsic motivation (β = .64), communication (β = .31), families with young children (β = -.08), families with teenagers (β = -.07) and professional/academic status (β = .06). By identifying a model for marital satisfaction, this research provides clues regarding which aspects might need to be considered in couples' clinical work to promote healthier relationships.
- FOODLIT-trial: protocol of a randomised controlled digital intervention to promote food literacy and sustainability Behaviours in Adults Using the Health Action Process Approach and the behaviour change techniques taxonomy during the COVID-19 pandemicPublication . Rosas, Raquel; Pimenta, Filipa; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Schwarzer, RalfDietary quality and sustainability are central matters to the international community, emphasised by the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. To promote healthier and more sustainable food-related practices, the protocol of a web-based intervention to enhance adults’ food literacy is presented. The FOODLIT-Trial is a two-arm, parallel, experimental, and single-blinded randomised controlled trial delivered over 11 weeks. Based on the Food Literacy Wheel framework and supported by the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) and the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy, weekly content with customised behaviour change techniques (experimental group) is hypothesised to be more effective to promote food behaviour change when compared to a single-time and non-customised delivery of food-related international guidelines, with no theoretically informed approaches (comparison group). Primary outcome is food literacy, including food-related knowledge, skills, and behaviours, assessed with the FOODLIT-Tool; a secondary outcome includes psychological mechanisms that efficaciously predict change in participants’ food literacy, measured with HAPA-driven items. Enlisted through online sources, participants will be assessed across five time points (baseline, post-intervention, and 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups, i.e., T0–T4). A randomisation check will be conducted, analyses will follow an intention-to-treat approach, and linear two-level models within- (T0–T4) and between-level (nested in participants) will be computed, together with a longitudinal mediation analysis. If effective, the FOODLIT-Trial will provide for a multidimensional and cost-effective intervention to enable healthier and more sustainable food practices over the long term.
- How do older adults experience pet companionship? A qualitative study of the affective relationship with pets and its effect on the mental health of older adults during the Covid-19 pandemicPublication . von Humboldt, Sofia; Silva, Sara; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraThis study aimed to explore the affective relationship of older adults with their pets during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to assess how this contributed to their mental health. This qualitative study included 351 participants aged 65–88 years from Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Spain. All interviews went through content analysis. Findings indicated five themes: (1) Enabling a meaningful affective relationship (86%); (2) Strengthening affective sharing with partner (68%); (3) Easing new affective relationships (61%); (4) Enhancing sensory stimuli and physical touch (55%); and; (5) Feeling physical pleasure (23%). Three main themes emerged from the content analysis regarding the second objective: (1) Fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms (73%); (2) Fewer feelings of loneliness (68%); and (3) Fewer mood swings (43%). The affective relationship between older adults and their pets was relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic since it solidified affective relationships with their partners and fostered the creation of new relationships. Additionally, it contributed to a deeper affective relationship with themselves, in terms of sensory stimuli, physical touch, and physical pleasure. Owning a pet improved mental health symptoms, namely those associated with depression, anxiety, and mood swings.
- Posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) across ten countries: Global validation of the PTG-PTD theoretical modelPublication . Taku, Kanako; Tedeschi, Richard G.; Shakespeare-Finch, Jane; Krosch, Daniel J; David, Georgina; Kehl, Doris; Grunwald, Selina; Romeo, Annunziata; Di Somma, Marialaura; Kamibeppu, Kiyoko; Soejima, Takafumi; Hiraki, Kohichi; Volgin, Rebekah; Dhakal, Sandesh; Zięba, Mariusz; Ramos, Catarina; Nunes, Romina; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Gouveia, Patrícia; Silva, Carolina C.; Chaves, Pamela Núñez Del Prado; Zavala-Oseguera, Claudia; Paz, Andrea; Durak, Emre; Oshio, Atsushi; Canevello, Amy; Cann, Arnie; Calhoun, Lawrence G.
- Different placement practices for different families? Children’s adjustment in LGH adoptive families.Publication . Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Tasker, Fiona; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraThe purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of children placed with lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adopters, and to examine children's problem behaviors and positive psychosocial adjustment across the three family types.
- Fatores de risco da incontinência urinária de esforço femininaPublication . Porto, Marta G.; Pimenta, Filipa; Albergaria, Rita; Leal, Ana; Maroco, João; Mascarenhas, Teresa; Leal, Isabel Pereira
- Adaptação das versões completa e breve da Escala de Relação Coparental (ERC) em uma amostra comunitária de pais e mães portuguesesPublication . Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Tasker, Fiona; Garcia, Inês Queiroz; Costa, Pedro AlexandreA Escala de Relação Coparental (ERC) é uma das medidas mais utilizadas para avaliar a relação de coparentalidade. Pretendeu-se avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões completa e breve da ERC numa amostra comunitária de 779 pais e mães portugueses, com idades entre os 23 e os 65 anos (M = 42.73; DP = 5.27). As análises fatoriais confirmatórias forneceram evidências de um bom ajustamento dos dados, fiabilidade interna e validade convergente, ainda que em ambas as versões tenha sido eliminada a dimensão Divisão de tarefas parentais. Quando à validade discriminante, duas das sete dimensões – Acordo nas práticas parentais e Suporte coparental – não evidenciaram validade discriminante. A validade concorrente também foi testada e confirmada através das correlações entre das dimensões da ERC e as dimensões da RDAS (ajustamento diádico) e do SDQ (ajustamento infantil).
- Sexual stigma and mental health of LGB older adults: A systematic scoping reviewPublication . Ribeiro-Gonçalves, José Alberto; Jesus, Joana Correia; Costa, Pedro Alexandre; Leal, Isabel Maria PereiraIntroduction Studies that examine the mental health of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB) older adults have increased significantly over the last two decades, evidencing sexual stigma as one of the main factors associated with poorer mental health in this population. However, scientific evidence linking mental health and sexual stigma in older adults has not been systematically reviewed. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review investigating the relationships between sexual stigma and mental health in LGB older adults aged 60 and over. EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo were used to search for peer reviewed studies following PRISMA guidelines and 17 studies were included. The research covered studies between 2000 and 2020 and data collection was carried out between 2020 and 2021. Results Sexual stigma showed a strong relationship with mental health in LGB older adults, being mainly associated with worse mental health outcomes, such as anxious and depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and substance abuse. Hypervigilance, invisibility, feeling socially rejected, concealment of sexual orientation, and internal conflicts were suggested among the main mediator/moderator factors between sexual stigma(s) and the older LGB mental health indicators. The findings suggest that sexual stigma affects older LGB people throughout their life course cumulatively, by decreasing their quality of life and access to health care. Yet, LGB older adults have developed resilience and adaptive strategies to manage sexual stigma. Conclusions and Policy Implications Sexual stigma has a significant relationship with worse levels of mental health in LGB older adults, affecting their well-being. It is important that future studies address oldest old LGB individuals (e.g., aged 80 or over), particularly evaluating how they manage sexual stigma. Further, there is an urgent need for research that evaluates the positive determinants of mental health in LGB older adults, such as well-being and successful aging, as well the role of the internet and social media in stigmatizing older LGB people.
- Escala de alterações funcionais pelo uso problemático da internet (AFUPI) : Comparação TransculturalPublication . Pimenta, Filipa; Patrao, Ivone; Água, Joana; Leal, Isabel Pereira
- Perspectives on perceived workplace age discrimination and engagement: The moderating role of emotion regulationPublication . Miguel, Isabel; von Humboldt, Sofia; Silva, Sara; Tavares, Patrícia; Low, Gail; Leal, Isabel Maria Pereira; Valentim, Joaquim P.Engaging workers with their work is fundamental for employee wellbeing and performance. Perceived age discrimination in the workplace is a factor that may influence workers’ engagement. The present study aimed to analyze the moderating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between perceived age discrimination and work engagement. Survey data were collected from a sample of 453 Portuguese workers of various age groups, between 18 and 65 years-old. Four instruments were used in this study: (a) a sociodemographic questionnaire; (b) the Workplace Age Discrimination Scale (WADS); (c) the Emotion Regulation Scale and (d) the reduced version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Results show that perceived workplace age discrimination negatively impacts work engagement. Further, results suggest that emotional regulation exacerbates the negative relationship between perceived age discrimination and work engagement. The progressively aging workforce is creating challenging issues to organizations, from a human resource management perspective. Age management strategies to address perceived age discrimination and work engagement are needed