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- Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic contextPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Hipólito, João; Ros, Antonia; Nunes, O.The COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people's lives due to the fear of getting infected and having the disease, as well as the necessary prevention and containment measures. University students were one of the most affected groups, as they were forced to cope with significant life changes. However, not all displayed symptoms of psychological distress, which means that internal resources such as emotional regulation and resilience may have acted as protective variables. This cross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent to which the relationship between emotion regulation and stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience in a sample of university students. Results showed that emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with lower mental health. Some resilience dimensions mediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐self mediating all associations. Planned future mediated the association between emotion regulation and depression, family cohesion mediated the relation between emotion regulation and stress, and social resources mediated the association of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSD by suppressing the direct positive relationship. These results highlight the relevance of resilience as a key resource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, and changes that arise during stressful periods such as a pandemic.
- Emotion regulation in dementia caregiving: The role of neuropsychiatric symptoms and attachment orientationPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, João; Nunes, O.; Tomé Pires, CatarinaFamily caregivers are usually the main source of support for persons living with dementia, being exposed to a loved one’s suffering, which can lead to experiencing strong and negative emotions. This study aimed to identify factors capable of explaining individual differences in the way caregivers regulate their emotions. This cross-sectional study included 78 informal caregivers (M = 64.84 years; SD = 13.32) and 84 controls (non-caregivers) (M = 77 years; SD = 7.59). Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), attachment orientations, and emotion regulation were measured using self-report scales. Caregivers of persons living with dementia used more expressive suppression in comparison to non-caregivers. NPS and attachment avoidance were associated with expressive suppression. Moderation analyses showed that NPS only predicted expressive suppression when attachment avoidance was low or medium. The present study showed that caregivers are more likely to suppress their emotions in the presence of NPS, especially those with lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance. Psychological interventions targeting emotion regulation should be offered especially to caregivers that face NPS of persons living with dementia and present lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance.
- Attachment orientations and family functioning: The mediating role of emotion regulation.Publication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, J.; Nunes, O.Attachment insecurity has been found to be associated with poor family functioning. The mechanisms underlying this link, however, are less explored. This study examines the potential mediating role of emotion regulation in the association between attachment orientations and family functioning. Self-report scales measuring attachment, family functioning, and emotion regulation were administered to 132 adults (58% women; 57.63 years). Results showed that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with poor family functioning. Furthermore, emotion suppression, but not positive reappraisal, was found to partially mediate the association between attachment insecurity (both anxiety and avoidance) and perceived family functioning. Findings suggest that emotion regulation seems to play a role in the impact that attachment orientations may have on family functioning.
- Emotion goals, emotion regulation, and mental health: A mediational hypothesisPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Hipólito, João; Nunes, O.Objective Until recently, studies have focused their attention on the different ways individuals regulate their emotions. What remains to be known are the reasons underlying individuals’ emotion regulation choices and their consequences. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to provide preliminary evidence on individual differences in how emotion goals, emotion regulation strategy choice, and individuals’ mental health are associated. Method A sample of 400 Portuguese adults from the community was used. Results Pro-hedonic goals were associated with the use of less suppression, more emotion communication, and more positive reappraisal, which in turn were associated with better mental health. Contra-hedonic goals were associated with the use of more suppression and less positive reappraisal, which in turn were associated with worse mental health. Finally, impression management goals were associated with the use of more suppression and more rumination, and less emotion communication, which in turn were associated with worse mental health. Conclusions Overall, our findings seem to suggest that emotion goals are linked to individuals’ mental health via emotion regulation strategies. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Emotion regulation has important implications for the individuals’ psychological well-being. (2) Emotion goals are likely to influence emotion regulation strategy choice. (3) Emotion goals seem to influence individual’s psychological well-being. What this topic adds: (1) Pro-hedonic goals were associated with the use of less suppression, more emotion communication, and more positive reappraisal which in turn were associated with better mental health. (2) Contra-hedonic goals were linked to depression and anxiety via the use of more suppression and less positive reappraisal. (3) Impression management goals were linked to depression, anxiety, and stress via the use of more suppression, more rumination, and less emotion communication.
- Emotion regulation, resilience, and mental health: A mediation study with university students in the pandemic contextPublication . Brites, Rute Sofia Ribeiro; Brandão, Tânia; Hipólito, João; Ros, Antónia; Nunes, O.The COVID‐19 pandemic had a huge impact on people'slives due to the fear of getting infected and having thedisease, as well as the necessary prevention and contain-ment measures. University students were one of the mostaffected groups, as they were forced to cope withsignificant life changes. However, not all displayedsymptoms of psychological distress, which means thatinternal resources such as emotional regulation andresilience may have acted as protective variables. Thiscross‐sectional study aimed to examine the extent towhich the relationship between emotion regulation andstress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stressdisorder (PTSD) symptoms was mediated by resilience ina sample of university students. Results showed thatemotion regulation strategies were positively associatedwith lower mental health. Some resilience dimensionsmediated these relationships, with perception‐of‐selfmediating all associations. Planned future mediated theassociation between emotion regulation and depression,family cohesion mediated the relation between emotionregulation and stress, and social resources mediated theassociation of cognitive reappraisal with anxiety and PTSDby suppressing the direct positive relationship. ThesePsychol Schs. 2024;61:304–328.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pits304 | © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This manuscript comprises original, unpublished material and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The primary data have not beenpublished previously nor accepted for publication. results highlight the relevance of resilience as a keyresource in coping effectively with the uncertainties, andchanges that arise during stressful periods such as apandemic.
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of a relaxation intervention on distress in university students : a randomized controlled trialPublication . Costa, Rita; C. Machado, José; Brandão, Tânia; Pereira, M.Graça; Remondes-CostaAbstract: Excessive, abusive, or inappropriate use of mobile phones can have a negative effect on interpersonal relationships. This study aims to adapt the Phubbing Scale (PS) and the Generic Scale of Being Phubbed (GSBP) for the Portuguese population, establishing the convergent validity of the instruments with others that assess approximate constructs, such as the Partner Phubbing Scale (PPS) and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), and investigate the differences and/or relationships between sociodemographic variables, mobile phone usage variables and the PS and the GSBP. This is a cross sectional study, including 641 participants, aged between 18-71 (M=27.91; SD=10.60). The Portuguese version of the PS kept the number of items and factors, however, distributed differently from the original version. The Portuguese version of the GSBP kept the structure proposed by the authors of the original version. The correlations obtained by both scales with other instruments ensured convergent validity. Differences were found in the values of the scales according to some sociodemographic variables and some variables regarding mobile phone use. The findings provide culturally adapted and validated two instruments and are helpful to researchers to assess this phenomenon and intervene in a timely manner.
- Effect of online Kundalini Yoga mental health of university students during Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trialPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Martins, Inês; Torres, Ana; Remondes-Costa, SóniaUniversity students were at an increased risk for psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a randomized controlled trial, we examined the efficacy of an online Kundalini Yoga intervention on students’ psychological functioning. Healthy university students (N=106) were randomly assigned to a Kundalini Yoga group, an active control group, or a passive control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. The experimental group attended six Yoga sessions over 6weeks and the active control group attended to six autogenic relaxation sessions over 6weeks. All participants completed the study protocol, which involved answering questionnaires related to psychological distress, emotion regulation, self-compassion, self-concept, spiritual well-being, and subjective happiness at three different time points: baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at 1-month follow-up. Results showed that Yoga contributed to improving self-compassion, extrinsic affect improving, and personal and communal spiritual well-being, in comparison to the control groups
- Maternal cancer and perception of child psychological adjustment: The role of mother’s anxiety, depression, and parenting stressPublication . Babore, Alessandra; Trumello, Carmen; Brandão, Tânia; Cavallo, Alessandra; Bramanti, Sonia MoniqueA mother’s cancer diagnosis may have consequences for all family members, particularly for children, since it makes a parent less physically and emotionally available, with effects on the relationship with the child and his/her development. The main aim of this study was to analyze children’s psychological adjustment in the context of maternal cancer by considering factors related to the child (i.e., age and sex), the mother (psychological adjustment), and cancer (i.e., time elapsed from the diagnosis and current oncological treatment). Self-report questionnaires investigating mothers’ parenting stress, depression, anxiety, and children’s emotional and behavioral problems were administered to 124 mothers (mean age = 44.52 years; SD = 7.22) diagnosed with cancer. A hierarchical regression analysis highlighted that time since diagnosis and mothers’ anxiety and parenting stress accounted for almost 44% of the variance of the children’s difficulties. Maternal depression, current oncological treatment, and the child’s age and sex were not statistically significant. Higher mothers’ parenting stress and anxiety and a longer time elapsed since the first diagnosis predicted higher levels of children’s emotional and behavioral problems. These findings highlight the need to identify precursors of childhood distress in the context of maternal cancer and to develop structured programs to support both mothers and children.
- Religious/spiritual coping, emotion regulation, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among University StudentsPublication . Graça, Lídia; Brandão, TâniaPrevious research has found that religious/spiritual coping, which is generally understood as the use of cognitive and behavioral strategies based on an individual’s beliefs and values to deal with stress, benefits individuals’ well-being, and life satisfaction. The current study examined this link in a sample of Portuguese university students and explored the mediating role of emotion regulation (ER; in terms of strategies and overall abilities) on the relation between religious/spiritual coping and psychological well-being and life satisfaction. A total of 109 Portuguese university students (69.7% female; Mage = 32.05; SD = 13.16) were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using PROCESS macro. Results indicated that both negative and positive religious/ spiritual coping were linked to lower life satisfaction and diminished psychological well-being. These effects appear to be explained by an increase in difficulties related to ER but not by the use of specific ER strategies, such as expressive suppression or cognitive reappraisal. These findings suggest that religious/spiritual coping and ER could be significant factors in promoting the psychological functioning of university students, especially in terms of psychological well-being.
- The Lum emotional availability of parents scale among Portuguese adolescents: a psychometric evaluationPublication . Brandão, Tânia; Simão, SofiaEmotional availability of parents plays a crucial role in the psychological well-being and development of adolescents. However, previous studies have primarily focused on assessing maternal emotional availability. The Lum Emotional Availability of Parents (LEAP) scale was developed, considering both mothers’ and fathers’ emotional availability. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the LEAP scale among Portuguese adolescents (N = 202). The results confirmed the unifactorial structure of the LEAP scale. Convergent construct validity was supported. Specifically, adolescents’ perceptions of higher emotional availability from parents were related to better health-related quality of life. The LEAP scale also demonstrated small but positive associations with emotion regulation, with higher emotional availability being linked to lower use of expressive suppression and greater use of cognitive reappraisal. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the LEAP scale is a valid instrument for assessing adolescents’ perceptions of both mothers’ and fathers’ emotional availability.
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