WJCR - Artigos em revistas internacionais
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Browsing WJCR - Artigos em revistas internacionais by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "03:Saúde de Qualidade"
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- Celebrating more than 26,000 adult attachment interviews: Mapping the main adult attachment classifications on personal, social, and clinical statusPublication . Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian; Dagan, Or; Cárcamo, Rodrigo A.; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.Since the development of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in 1985, more than 26,000 AAIs have been administered, coded, and reported, representing 170 (wo-)man-years of work. We used multinomial tests and analyses of correspondence to compare the AAI distributions in various cultural and age groups, in mothers, fathers, high-risk, and clinical samples with the combined samples of North American non-clinical, non-risk mothers (22% dismissing, 53% secure, 8% preoccupied, and 17% unresolved loss or other trauma). Males were more often classified as dismissing and less frequently classified as secure compared to females (except adoptive fathers), and females were more frequently classified as unresolved (but not more often preoccupied) compared to males. A combination of high scores on the unresolved and insecure-preoccupied dimensions was shared by borderline personality disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and gender dysphoria, while combined high scores on the unresolved and insecure-dismissing dimensions characterized anxiety problems, obsessive-compulsive and thought disorders.
- Coping and positive body image in young women with breast cancer: The buffering role of social supportPublication . Almeida, Márcia; Griff, Maria Inês; Pais Brandão, Tânia RaquelBackground/Objectives: Considering the unique body image challenges faced by young women with breast cancer, this study aims to deepen our understanding of how coping strategies and perceived social support contribute to fostering positive body image in this population. This is an important issue as body image is capable of influencing women’s self-esteem and psychological adaptation to breast cancer. Methods: A sample of 157 young women with breast cancer (M age = 41.43; SD = 6.05; Min 26 years, Max 50 years), 43% of whom had undergone breast reconstruction, completed an online survey. The survey included measures of coping strategies, positive body image, and perceived social support. Results: No significant differences in coping strategies, perceived social support, or positive body image were observed based on reconstruction status. Moderation analyses revealed that both avoidant and problem-focused coping were significantly associated with positive body image at moderate and high levels of perceived social support, but not at low levels of perceived social support. Perceived social support moderated the relationship between coping strategies and positive body image in women with breast cancer. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of social support in enhancing the effectiveness of both avoidant and problem-focused coping strategies in promoting positive body image. Future interventions should prioritize strengthening social support networks to optimize psychological outcomes in this population.
- Examining the connection between perceived stress and post-traumatic stress in women who experienced a traumatic childbirthPublication . Brandão, Sónia; Silva, Rosa; Abreu, Wilson; Brandão, Tânia; Prata, Ana Paula; Riklikiene, Olga; Jarasiunaite-Fedosejeva, Gabija; Mesa, Ernesto González; İsbir, Gözde Gökçe; İnci, Figen; Kömürcü-Akik, Burcu; Uriko, Kristiina; Governo, Tatiana; Thomson, GillAim: This study aimed to: (1) explore post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in relation to sociodemographic, obstetric, and childbirth trauma factors; (2) assess the association between perceived stress levels and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; and (3) analyze how the duration of perceived stress affects post-traumatic stress disorder. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected via an online survey, including demographic and obstetric information, traumatic childbirth events, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and perceived stress levels and duration in the postpartum period. The study was conducted with 202 women who self-identified as having experienced a traumatic childbirth. Results: Post-traumatic stress disorder scores did not differ significantly by most sociodemographic or obstetric factors, but cesarean delivery was linked to higher post-traumatic stress disorder scores compared to vaginal delivery with forceps or vacuum extraction, mediated by increased perceived stress. Perceived stress levels showed a significant positive association with all post-traumatic stress disorder dimensions. Stress duration significantly was related to total post-traumatic stress disorder scores, with longer stress being associated with greater severity of symptoms. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery and prolonged, elevated stress during childbirth are key risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, highlighting the need for targeted postpartum mental health interventions.
- Exploring weight management beliefs during the menopausal transition: A qualitative comparative study based on Health Belief ModelPublication . Leitão, Mafalda; Faustino R. Pérez‐López; Marôco, João; Pimenta, FilipaObjectives: While most women experience weight gain during the menopausal transition, a subset successfully maintains a healthy weight. This study explores the determinants influencing different weight experiences during the menopausal transition, using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Qualitative design. individual interviews with 62 Portuguese post‐menopausal women were performed. Among them, 31 women maintained a normal weight from pre‐menopause to post‐menopause, with a variation not exceeding 5% of pre‐menopausal weight, while another 31 women transitioned from normal weight in pre‐menopause to overweight or obesity in post‐menopause, with an increase above 7% of pre‐menopausal weight. Deductive‐dominant content analysis and multiple correspondence analysis were performed. Prominent differences exist between the Unhealthy Weight Gain Group (UWG‐G) and the Healthy Weight Maintenance Group (HWM‐G). The UWG‐G lacks perceived susceptibility in pre‐menopause and perceives obesity as stigmatizing. They prioritize immediate changes as benefits, while the HWM‐G focuses on self‐concept. Both groups face barriers like food cravings and weight loss challenges in middle‐aged. For cues to action, the UWG‐G emphasizes social support and self‐care resources, while the HWM‐G emphasizes age progression and healthy behaviour adherence. The HWM‐G presents higher self‐efficacy. This study confirms the suitability of the HBM in understanding weight management beliefs among post‐menopausal women, highlighting differences between women who maintain a healthy weight and those who experience weight gain during this life phase. This facilitates identifying key determinants (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self‐efficacy) crucial for future interventions in weight management. Health Belief Model, Menopausal transition, Obesity, Post-menopausal women, Weight gain, Weight management
- Impact of parity and salivary hormonal levels on motivation toward infant emotions.Publication . Sinisalo, Hanneli; Hahn, Amanda C.; Jones, Benedict C.; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Peltola, Mikko J.Infant faces have been shown to be particularly motivating stimuli for women. No studies, however, have compared mothers and nonmothers in whether parity modulates approach motivation toward emotional infant faces. We studied 54 Finnish first-time mothers and 42 nonmothers in a pay-per-view key-press task wheretheparticipants wereshown20infantfaceswithsmilingandcryingexpressions.Participantswere able to adjust the time each face was visible. In addition, salivary testosterone, estradiol, and cortisol levels were measured and their impact on motivation toward infants analyzed. When controlling for the hormonal levels, happy infant faces were viewed longer than crying faces and there was no difference in mean viewing times between mothers and nonmothers. An interaction between parity and emotion emerged: Mothers were more motivated to view happy faces and less motivated to view crying infant faces than nonmothers. Testosterone had a significant effect on viewing times: The higher the testosterone levels were, the shorter amount of time infant faces were viewed. This indicates that testosterone is inversely associated with approach motivation to emotional infant stimuli. This study is the first to compare mothers and nonmothers in a task measuring motivational responses to infant stimuli and indicates that the difference between the approach motivation caused by happy and distressed infant emotions might be more heightened in new mothers.
- Intergenerational transmission of attachment: The role of intelligencePublication . Jana Runze; Van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Witte, Annemieke M.; Cecil, Charlotte A. M.; Bakermans‐Kranenburg, Marian J.Background: In their recent paper, Del Giudice and Haltigan argue that attachment in childhood and attachment representations in adulthood are influenced by the cognitive capabilities of children and parents, that would causally link parents' attachment states of mind to children's attachment. In the current pre‐registered study, we empirically explored the idea of an association between attachment and cognition using phenotypic child IQ and parent and child IQ‐related polygenic scores as predictors of children's attachment behavior and attachment representations. Methods: We used data from the Leiden Consortium on Individual Development study (L‐CID, n = 992), a two‐cohort longitudinal twin study, in which attachment representations were measured in parents and their 9‐year‐old children using the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA). Polygenic scores of IQ were computed for parents and their children using PRSice‐2 and phenotypic child IQ was measured as well. We split the twin sample in two groups randomly to prevent non‐independence of data and conducted structural equation models. Results: Neither parental nor child polygenic scores of IQ predicted representations of attachment. In one cohort, phenotypically measured IQ predicted attachment. Conclusions: This preliminary study did not find convincing support for a role of IQ in the intergenerational transmission of attachment.
- Neural mechanisms of learned suppression uncovered by probing the hidden attentional priority mapPublication . Huang, C; van Moorselaar, D; Foster, J.; Donk, M.; Theeuwes, JAttentional capture by an irrelevant salient distractor is attenuated when the distractor appears more frequently in one location, suggesting learned suppression of that location. However, it remains unclear whether suppression is proactive (before attention is directed) or reactive (after attention is allocated). Here, we investigated this using a ‘pinging’ technique to probe the attentional distribution before search onset. In an EEG experiment, participants searched for a shape singleton while ignoring a color singleton distractor at a high-probability location. To reveal the hidden attentional priority map, participants also performed a continuous recall spatial memory task, with a neutral placeholder display presented before search onset. Behaviorally, search was more efficient when the distractor appeared at the high-probability location. Inverted encoding analysis of EEG data showed tuning profiles that decayed during memory maintenance but were revived by the placeholder display. Notably, tuning was most pronounced at the to-be-suppressed location, suggesting initial spatial selection followed by suppression. These findings suggest that learned distractor suppression is a reactive process, providing new insights into learned spatial distractor suppression mechanisms.
- Parental psychosocial variables and glycemic control in T1D pediatric age: A systematic reviewPublication . Costa, Vasco; Pereira, Bárbara; Patton, Susana R.; Brandão, TâniaThis review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between parental psychosocial (e.g., fear of hypoglycemia, stress and family conflict) and glycemic outcomes in children between the age of 1–10 years old. Diabetes (T1D) in young children can be very complex to manage for their parents since they are the main individuals responsible for T1D tasks. Also, parental psychological adjustment impacts children’s glycemic outcomes. This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The search process was conducted in four databases from 2019 to 2024. From a total of 215 studies, 5 were included. We identified five studies that found direct associations between parental psychosocial variables and children's glycemic outcomes. These findings suggest a unidirectional perspective, evidencing the need to examine the longitudinal interplay between these variables. In sum, promoting parental psychological interventions may be fundamental for enhancing children’s glycemic outcomes.
- Protective and stress factors for psychological distress: A comparative analysis of LGB and non-LGB older adultsPublication . Ribeiro-Gonçalves, José Alberto; Pereira, Dora; DoraObjectives: Population ageing raises major public health and psychosocial challenges. Particularly, lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) older people may face increased vulnerabilities and marginalization when compared to their non-LGB (heterosexual) counterparts, which may entail more risks for their mental health. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the levels of protective – social support, spirituality, and resilience and stress factors – loneliness and ageism – among LGB and nonLGB older adults, and their impact on psychological distress (PD). Method: A sample of 647 people aged 60years or older (M=66.01; SD = 4.93) was collected, 368 non-LGB and 279 LGB. Participation was carried out through an online survey in Portugal. Results: LGB older adults had lower scores on all protective factors, except on social support from friends, and higher levels on all stress factors, except on hostile ageism, compared to non-LGB older adults. Further, resilience and loneliness were the main predictors of PD regardless of the sexual orientation. Stress factors explained the levels of PD over and above the effects of protective factors, both among LGB and non-LGB older adults. Conclusion: Psychological distress in aging presents different protective and stressful factors according to the sexual orientation of older adults. More comparative studies are suggested in the intersection between ageing and sexual orientation.
- Religion and emotion regulation: A systematic review of quantitative studiesPublication . Pais Brandão, Tânia RaquelAbstract The association between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation has been the subject of growing interest in the last years since studies have suggested that emotion regulation is likely to be shaped by religion/spirituality. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the quantitative empirical studies toward understanding the relationship between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation. Database searches were conducted in different databases from inception to March 2022 using relevant search terms. Quantitative studies exploring the role of religion/spirituality on emotion regulation were included in this review. Of 887 abstracts identified only 15 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Studies were organized in terms of associations between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation according to religious affiliation, associations between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation regardless of religious affiliation, and emotion regulation as a mediator between religion/spirituality and several psychological-related outcomes. Overall, the findings revealed small to moderate associations between religion and emotion regulation, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.13 to 0.50 for cognitive reappraisal, 0.08 to − 0.72 for expressive suppression, and − 0.09 to 0.56 for other emotion regulation dimensions. Furthermore, most studies highlighted emotion regulation as a key mechanism linking religion/spirituality to psychological outcomes across diverse contexts. Differences in emotion regulation strategies have been examined in a few religious affiliations and most of the studies explored the link between religion/spirituality and emotion regulation regardless of religious affiliation.