Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-12"
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- Coesão e flexibilidade familiar : Validação do pacote FACES IV junto de adolescentes portuguesesPublication . Gouveia Pereira, M.; Gomes, Hugo; Miranda, Mariana; Candeias, Maria de JesusA Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Flexibilidade Familiar, desenvolvida no âmbito do estudo do Modelo Circumplexo dos Sistemas Conjugais e Familiares, permite avaliar o funcionamento familiar através de um diagnóstico relacional. Este instrumento está subdividido em seis subescalas que permitem uma avaliação dos níveis equilibrados e disfuncionais (extremamente baixos e extremamente elevados) das dimensões de coesão e flexibilidade familiar. O Pacote FACES IV inclui ainda dois questionários que permitem a avaliação da comunicação e satisfação familiar. O presente artigo analisa as propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos incluídos no Pacote FACES IV junto de uma amostra de adolescentes portugueses em dois estudos. No primeiro estudo, incluímos um grupo comunitário de 757 estudantes e um grupo clínico de 67 adolescentes que recorrem a consultas psiquiátricas. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram um modelo fatorial de 24 itens com qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias, permitindo concluir um ajustamento aceitável à nossa amostra. No segundo estudo, a solução fatorial obtida no estudo anterior foi replicada junto de uma amostra independente de 707 jovens estudantes. Os resultados desta validação apresentam o FACES IV como um instrumento útil para o diagnóstico familiar junto de adolescentes portugueses.
- When does brand matter more than our senses : the influence of touching or smelling experience on product evaluationPublication . Garcia-Marques, Teresa; Prada, MaríliaAbstract: In this work we examine the interaction between brand and direct experience on product evaluation. Specifically, we selected two products (perfume and paper) whose intrinsic quality can be inferred directly through sensory experience (i.e., scent and writing experience, respectively). Results from one field and one laboratorial experiment showed that brand impacts the perception of a product, overriding the information offered by direct sensory experience with the product. Importantly, this was more likely to occur in processing conditions that induce low elaboration (e.g., low motivation). We further discuss how these results contribute to understand the effect as supported by having brand as a heuristic or promoting a belief that is able to bias our perceptions.
- Animacy norms for 224 European Portuguese concrete wordsPublication . Félix, Sara B.; Pandeirada, Josefa; Nairne, James S.Abstract: Words are frequently used, for example, as stimuli in cognitive and linguistic research. Considering that there are various psycholinguistic variables known to influence word processing (e.g., frequency, concreteness), it is important to control for those variables. Recently, it has been reported that animacy (the characteristic of being a living/animate or a non-living/inanimate entity) also affects various cognitive and linguistic processes. In fact, animacy has been found to be one of the best predictors of free recall. However, animacy is still an uncontrolled variable in most studies and information about this variable is still, for the most part, absent. In this study, we provide animacy norms for a set of 224 European Portuguese concrete words. Such data should provide Portuguese researchers a helpful tool to start considering this dimension in a systematic way in their research.
- Career profiles : career entrenchment or adaptation to change?Publication . Oliveira, Lucília Cardoso; Lopes, Miguel Pereira; Gonçalves, Sónia P.Abstract: The rapid development of societies and the transformation of labour markets and organizations requires more dynamic careers nowadays. Thus, based on the career profiles described by Carson, Carson, Phillips and Roe (1996) and the association of career entrenchment and career satisfaction, we identified in this study, which career profiles currently exist. The cross-reference of data, with organizational commitment, career commitment and turnover intention, allowed to characterize each profile and the factors that weigh on the decision to stay or change career, keeping or not a positive attitude. We perform a cluster analysis using the K-means method, in a sample of 386 subjects. The results came across a new career profile, called transactional career, which might reflect that careers are currently more active and less stable. In the end, the results and the theoretical and practical implications are being discussed.
- Homelessness as UnfairnessPublication . Ornelas, José; Vargas-Moniz, M.; the HOME_EU consortium study GroupThe E-Book is one of the HOME_EU (GA/726997) deliverables and it is focused on information that was not comprehensively described in the sectorial studies integrated into each of the Work-packages. This E-Book provides the description of the overall research designs and methods selected to accomplish the overall project aims, as well as the implementation challenges of trans-national research efforts (many already included in procedural documents produced during the project). We also provide critical reflections the authors found to be relevant for the future. The other aim of this E-book is the presentation of the development of Housing First Programs within the European Partner Countries, bringing in the vision and challenge of partner organizations implementing programs in diverse communities in very different stages of development. Therefore, the content is composed of two main sections, one with a Research focus, and the other related to Housing First program development within partner countries.
- Predictors of outcomes following a brief Portuguese parental nutrition interventionPublication . Gomes, Ana Isabel; Barros, Luísa; Pereira, Ana IsabelAbstract: Early childhood is largely recognized as a critical period for shaping the child’s eating patterns. Although interventions studies that focus on first years of life are increasing, with positive impact, the moderators of treatment gains and the relative importance of each determinant of the change process have been rarely explored. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of outcomes concerning children’s healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors after a parental school-based intervention. An intervention longitudinal study with repeated measures at baseline and after participation in the Red Apple program was performed. Parents and children were recruited in public and state-funded kindergartens near Lisbon, Portugal. A total of 44 parents of 3- to 6-year-old children agreed to participate in the study and 39 met the inclusion criteria. The Red Apple program included four parental group sessions about young children’s growth, nutritional guidelines, and positive parental feeding strategies, and adult-child activities and newsletters delivered to caregivers. Data regarding children’s dietary intake, food preferences, neophobia/neophilia, parental concerns about the child’s weight, and self-efficacy in promoting healthy dietary patterns in children were collected before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention. Higher parental concerns about weight and self-efficacy at T1 significantly predicted children’s healthy dietary intake at T2. The only significant contribution for children’s unhealthy dietary intake at T2 was the previous consumption of those foods at T1. Interventions that focus on parental cognitive variables might effectively contribute to positive changes in children’s dietary intake. Findings also suggest that specific targets of children’s diet may pose unlike challenges that respond differently to the mechanisms of influence of the intervention.
- Mentira na perícia psicológica: Avaliação da atitude Malinger numa amostra forensePublication . Gonçalves, Francisco Valente; Ferreira, Sara; Ângelo, Miguel; Faria, Leonardo FerreiraAquando necessário avaliar-se a atitude falsa, como por exemplo a mentira, numa perícia forense, os profissionais que realizam este tipo de trabalho têm limitados os recursos a que podem recorrer. Uma das razões prende-se com o diminuto investimento na investigação na área da avaliação da mentira. Ainda sobre este ponto, avaliar a mentira é uma tarefa extremamente complexa, sendo vários os olhares que um poderá ter para realizar tal ação. Uma possível forma de observar atitudes falsas é a análise da presença de atitudes malinger. No entanto as ferramentas de avaliação a nível psicométrico para esta área são também escassas e pouco elegantes a nível científico. Finalmente, e mais importante, observa-se uma falta de investigação onde as amostras são totalmente forenses. O presente trabalho apresenta uma descrição de uma amostra forense (n = 470) relativamente ao tipo de atitude malinger presente e às características sociodemográficas da mesma. Observam-se alguns pontos de interesse em alguns tipos de características sociais tais como o tipo de habilitação académica ou o tipo de profissão. O tipo de processo jurídico a que os sujeitos em avaliação estão afetos parece ser importante de considerar e finalmente observa-se uma correlação de cerca de 13% em que a inteligência dos sujeitos explica a sua atitude malinger. Mais estudos são necessários. Os dados apresentados neste trabalho são do interesse dos profissionais da especialidade, mas acima de tudo, são acreditados como um passo para se ter uma linha de comparação para investimento científico no futuro na presente área de avaliação forense.
- Vingança e perdão: dois lados de uma mesma moeda?Publication . Moura, Darlene; Sousa, Sophia Lóren De Holanda; Pereira, Isabele Negreiros de Queiroz; Farias, Mariana Gonçalves; Cataldo, Quésia Fernandes; Santos, Walberto Silva dosResumo: O desejo de punir alguém que tenha causado sofrimento se caracteriza como vingança. Entretanto, é possível que alguém apresente mudanças pró-sociais em relação ao ofensor, o que configura o perdão. Estudos apontam que perdão e vingança podem ser compreendidos de maneira oposta e também compartilharem uma dimensão comum. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou comparar o ajuste de um modelo bifator para perdão e vingança com explicações alternativas de modelos de um fator e dois fatores. Contou-se com a participação de 195 pessoas, a maioria do sexo feminino (66.7%), heterossexual (83.2%), solteira (80.8%), com ensino superior incompleto (68.4 %) e com idades entre 18 e 82 anos (M=27.26; DP=11.50), que responderam à Escala de Disposição para Perdoar e à Escala de Atitudes Frente à Vingança. Os resultados apontaram que o modelo bifator se mostrou mais adequado [χ2(102)=175.639, p<0,001; χ2/gl=1.54, SRMR=0.06, CFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.061 (IC90%=0.04-0.07), TLI=0.93]. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, além de compartilharem um fator comum, as variáveis parecem ter legitimidade como construtos distintos, dando suporte empírico para a promoção de estratégias voltadas para se intervir tanto em elementos gerais como específicos relacionados aos construtos.
- Improving information literacy in higher education in an unorthodox way: the literature Potential for Acrl framework applicationPublication . Sanches, Tatiana; Antunes, Maria Da Luz; Lopes, CarlosThe implementation of the ACRL Framework has been a challenge for higher education librarians. This study proposes an unconventional way of adopting the opportunities of literary reading to teach the six conceptual frames recommended by this guiding document. From a literature review on the importance that literary reading has in the individual's life as well as the experiences of higher education libraries in the promotion of literary reading, a reflection emerges on the opportunity to teach information skills in this context. The main objective of this work is to make a creative and innovative contribution to the practical and situated application of the ACRL Framework in a non-traditional context, exploring literary reading to explain concepts, dispositions, and practices. For each conceptual frame are listed examples and situated learning strategies, which can contribute to the acquisition of essential and structuring instruments of the mechanisms necessary for information skills. Regarding specifically reading comprehension, it is important to work on the ability to extract relevant information from written texts so that it becomes a powerful tool for obtaining and processing information, transversal learning, and social insertion and is not reduced to school learning, but reveals its potential in extra-scholarly contexts, such as reading groups, meetings with authors, or the constitution of specific collections for leisure reading in university libraries.
- The relationship between abusive supervision and organizational trust : the role of subordinates’ self-esteemPublication . Velez, Maria JoãoAbstract: Interest in abusive supervision (Tepper, 2000) has increased due to its serious personal and organizational costs. As such, there is a need for additional studies that identify the individuals’ factors that can minimize the adverse effects of abusive supervision. Specifically, we predict employee self-esteem as a buffer of the relationship between abusive supervision, organizational trust and in-role behaviors. Additionally, we suggest organizational trust as a possible mechanism linking abusive supervision to in-role behaviors. Our model was explored among a sample of 201 supervisor-subordinate dyads from different organizational settings. The results of the moderated mediation analysis supported our hypotheses. That is, abusive supervision was significantly related to in-role behaviors via organizational trust when employees’ self-esteem was low, but not when it was high. These findings suggest that self-esteem buffers the impact of abusive supervision perceptions on organizational trust, with consequences for performance.
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