Browsing by Author "Schlupp, Ingo"
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- Considerations on the use of video playbacks as visual stimuli: The Lisbon workshop consensusPublication . Oliveira, Rui Filipe; Rosenthal, Gil G.; Schlupp, Ingo; McGregor, Peter K.; Cuthill, Innes C.; Endler, John A.; Fleishman, Leo J.; Zeil, Jochen; Barata, Eduardo Nuno; Burford, Fiona R. L.; Gonçalves, David; Haley, Michael; Jakobsson, Sven; Jennions, Michael D.; Körner, Kay; Lindström, Leena; Peake, Thomas; Pilastro, Andrea; Pope, Denise S.; Roberts, Sam G. B.; Rowe, Candy; Smith, Jerome; Waas, Joseph R.This paper is the consensus of a workshop that critically evaluated the utility and problems of video playbacks as stimuli in studies of visual behavior. We suggest that video playback is probably suitable for studying motion, shape, texture, size, and brightness. Studying color is problematic because video systems are specifically designed for humans. Any difference in color perception must lead to a different color sensation in most animals. Another potentially problematic limitation of video images is that they lack depth cues derived from stereopsis, accommodation, and motion parallax. Nonetheless, when used appropriately, video playback allows an unprecedented range of questions in visual communication to be addressed. It is important to note that most of the potential limitations of video playback are not unique to this technique but are relevant to all studies of visual signaling in animals.
- Intersexual copying by sneaker males of the peacock blennyPublication . Gonçalves, David; Oliveira, Rui Filipe; Körner, Kay; Schlupp, IngoIn general, animals prefer to mate with individuals they have observed being courted or in close association with sexual partners. This phenomenon of mate copying has been demonstrated in several species, but so far no study has provided substantial evidence that it is adaptive. Furthermore, mate copying has been viewed only in the context of females copying other females or males copying other males. In the peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, parasitic males (sneakers) may gain an advantage by copying the association patterns of females with bourgeois males (large males that defend nests). We tested the sneaker’s preference for one of two males and subsequently presented the nonpreferred male to the sneaker in the company of females, while the preferred male was presented alone. If the association of females with bourgeois males influences the sneaker’s preference, we predicted the sneaker would spend more time close to the nonpreferred male, when females were no longer present. We found that (1) sneakers preferred to associate with the larger of the two males and (2) when the previously nonpreferred male was presented in the company of females the sneakers tended to approach that male sooner, although not significantly so, and to spend more time close to it. Thus, parasitic males seem to choose host males both by independent mechanisms (larger males were preferred) and by nonindependent mechanisms (males observed with females were preferred). We discuss the adaptive value of sneakers choosing males by each of these mechanisms.
- Using video playbacks to study visual communication in a marine fish, Salaria pavoPublication . Gonçalves, David; Oliveira, Rui Filipe; Körner, Kay; Poschadel, Jens R.; Schlupp, IngoVideo playbacks have been successfully applied to the study of visual communication in several groups of animals. However, this technique is controversial as video monitors are designed with the human visual system in mind. Differences between the visual capabilities of humans and other animals will lead to perceptually different interpretations of video images. We simultaneously presented males and females of the peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, with a live conspecific male and an online video image of the same individual. Video images failed to elicit appropriate responses. Males were aggressive towards the live male but not towards video images of the same male. Similarly, females courted only the live male and spent more time near this stimulus. In contrast, females of the gynogenetic poecilid Poecilia formosa showed an equal preference for a live and video image of a P. mexicana male, suggesting a response to live animals as strong as to video images. We discuss differences between the species that may explain their opposite reaction to video images.
- Video playback techniques in behavioural researchPublication . Oliveira, Rui Filipe; McGregor, Peter K.; Schlupp, Ingo; Rosenthal, Gil G.Inexistente