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Traço de ansiedade, competências psicológicas, rendimento desportivo e posição em campo: Estudo em três escalões competitivos
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Abstract(s)
O propósito central deste estudo consistiu em analisar a relação de dois Factores Psicológicos (Traço de Ansiedade e Competências Psicológicas) com o Rendimento Desportivo, e com as Posições ocupadas em campo no futebol. Para tal recorreu-se a uma amostra de 76 atletas do sexo masculino, sub divididos por três escalões competitivos: Iniciados, Juvenis e Juniores. Com este desígnio procuraram-se evidências de que o Traço de Ansiedade e as Competências Psicológicas influenciam o Rendimento, e que os Factores Psicológicos em estudo podem diferir significativamente consoante a posição ocupada em campo pelos atletas. Para aferir tais relações utilizou-se a Sport Anxiety Scale (Smith, Smoll e Schultz 1990), o Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, 1987) e uma medida de Rendimento Subjectivo (Avaliação dos Treinadores). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre o Rendimento e alguns factores psicológicos, nomeadamente: o Ênfase na Equipa, a Auto-Confiança, a Perturbação da Concentração e o Traço de Ansiedade Global. Os resultados indicaram ainda que os atletas com o rendimento desportivo mais elevado apresentam valores médios mais elevados ao nível da Concentração e da Auto-Confiança, sendo que os atletas com performances mais baixas apresentam, por sua vez, valores médios superiores ao nível da Perturbação da Concentração, Ansiedade Somática e Traço de Ansiedade Global. Por último, os resultados indicaram que os Guarda-Redes apresentam valores de Concentração mais elevados do que os atletas das restantes posições, e o mesmo acontece com os Avançados relativamente à Preocupação.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of two Psychological Factors (Trait Anxiety and Psychological Skills) with athletic performance, and the positions occupied in the football field. To this end we resort to a sample of 76 male athletes, sub divided into three competitive levels: U- 14, U-16 and U-18. With this design were sought evidence that the Trait Anxiety and the Psychological Skills influence Athletic Performance, and the Psychological Factors under study may differ significantly depending on the position occupied by the athletes on the field. To assess this relations we used the Sport Anxiety Scale (Smith, Smoll e Schultz 1990), the Psychological Inventory for Sports (Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, 1987), and a Subjective measure of Athletic Performance (Evaluation by Coaches). Correlations were found between Athletic Performance and some Psychological Factors, including: Team Emphasis, Self-Confidence, Concentration Disruption and Trait Anxiety. The results also indicated that athletes with higher sports Performance have a higher level of Concentration and Self-Confidence, and the athletes with lower Performances have, in turn, higher levels of Concentration Disruption, Somatic Anxiety and Global Trait Anxiety. Finally, the results indicated that the goalkeepers present higher values of Concentration than the athletes of other positions, and the same happens with the Forwards relatively to Worry
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of two Psychological Factors (Trait Anxiety and Psychological Skills) with athletic performance, and the positions occupied in the football field. To this end we resort to a sample of 76 male athletes, sub divided into three competitive levels: U- 14, U-16 and U-18. With this design were sought evidence that the Trait Anxiety and the Psychological Skills influence Athletic Performance, and the Psychological Factors under study may differ significantly depending on the position occupied by the athletes on the field. To assess this relations we used the Sport Anxiety Scale (Smith, Smoll e Schultz 1990), the Psychological Inventory for Sports (Mahoney, Gabriel & Perkins, 1987), and a Subjective measure of Athletic Performance (Evaluation by Coaches). Correlations were found between Athletic Performance and some Psychological Factors, including: Team Emphasis, Self-Confidence, Concentration Disruption and Trait Anxiety. The results also indicated that athletes with higher sports Performance have a higher level of Concentration and Self-Confidence, and the athletes with lower Performances have, in turn, higher levels of Concentration Disruption, Somatic Anxiety and Global Trait Anxiety. Finally, the results indicated that the goalkeepers present higher values of Concentration than the athletes of other positions, and the same happens with the Forwards relatively to Worry
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Keywords
Traço de ansiedade Competências psicológicas Rendimento Trait anxiety Psychological skills Sports Performance